Calisthenics Training Research Articles

Acute and subacute psychophysiological responses in body weight HIIT sessions: a systematic review

Objective: This review synthesized evidence on the use of body weight exercises through high-intensity interval training (HIIT-BW). Methods: The research was performed in the Science Direct, Embase, MEDLINE, PEDro, SciELO, CINAHL, and LILACS databases from 2013 to 2023. Descriptors such as: high-intensity whole-body, high-intensity functional training, whole-body, whole-body training, whole-body calisthenics, high-intensity calisthenic training, and HIIT bodywork were used. In addition, original articles in English and Portuguese that addressed body weight HIIT were included. The final analysis consisted of 12 articles. Results: HIIT-BW protocols presented varied methodological characteristics: number of series ranged from 4 to 20; stimulus time ranged from 5 to 30 seconds with all-out intensity; and the passive interval ranged from 10 to 35 seconds between the series in 11 studies. The acute responses resulted in psychophysiological changes, increased lactate, Rated Perceived Exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), fatigue, sweating rate, body size perception, training load, maximum oxygen volume (VO2max), caloric expenditure, perception of recovery, feeling of anger, mood disorder, intention of physical activity and reduction in the perception of pleasure, variability in HR, number of movements in complex exercises, and vigor. When compared with moderate continuous exercise and other high-intensity interval training protocols, HIIT-BW presented similar responses, however the use of preferred songs in the session provided an increase in the number of movements and perception of pleasure when compared with sessions that used non-preferred music and without music. Conclusion: In conclusion, based on data from studies found in the literature, HIIT-BW sessions promote increased feelings of fatigue, anger, mood disorder, RPE, HR, lactate, sweating rate, body size perception, caloric expenditure, and VO2. The results found helped to project indicators of long-term physical fitness and to plan sessions aimed at improving the lifestyle of its practitioners.

The AI coach

The study aims to investigate the effect of a 5-week artificial intelligence-generated calisthenics training program (AIGCTP) on health-related physical fitness components, including flexibility, cardiovascular endurance, and muscular endurance. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, the study employed a one-group pre-test-post-test design for within-group comparisons and a two-group pre-test-post-test design for between-group comparisons. Participants included 87 untrained collegiate students, divided into the AIGCTP group (43 participants) and a human-made calisthenics training program (HMCTP) group (44 participants), selected via purposive sampling. A paired t-test was used for within-group comparisons, and an independent sample t-test was used for between-group comparisons. The findings indicated that the AIGCTP effectively improved the flexibility of the lower extremities and the muscular endurance of the core and upper extremities. However, female participants did not show significant improvements in any health-related physical fitness components, whereas male participants demonstrated improvements in the flexibility of the lower extremities and muscular endurance of the upper extremities. The HMCTP was effective in improving the flexibility and muscular endurance of the lower and upper extremities for all participants. Between-group comparisons revealed that the cardiovascular endurance of the HMCTP group was significantly superior to that of the AIGCTP group, irrespective of sex. Additionally, males in the HMCTP group exhibited significantly higher muscular endurance of the lower extremities compared to those in the AIGCTP group. The study suggests that AI can be used for fitness training, but professional-made programs are superior in some areas. Future research should replicate these findings, examine more fitness components, and explore longer training durations for further validation.

The effect of 10-week wholebody calisthenics training program on the muscular endurance of untrained collegiate students

The study aimed to investigate the effects of calisthenics exercise on muscular endurance by implementing a 10-week whole-body calisthenic training program on 183 randomly selected untrained collegiate students (108 females, 75 males). A two-group pretest-posttest design was employed (CG = 88; EG = 95), accompanied by three muscular endurance field tests to thoroughly observe the probable effects of the training program on this fitness component. The pretest involved administering fitness tests, followed by the 10-week training program for the EG. The CG was instructed to engage in one hour of preferred physical activity three times a week for 10 weeks. Post-testing was completed by administering the same fitness tests. The normality of the data was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For intragroup comparison, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used, while for intergroup comparison, the Mann-Whitney U test was employed. Among females in the CG, the One Minute Push-up Test showed a significant improvement from a mean of 10.80 (±7.18) to 13.97 (±7.53) (p < .00001*), while the PT increased from 68.83 (±37.80) to 78.79 (±41.50) (p = .00036*), and the Wall Sit scores rose from 48.90 (±27.04) to 65.59 (±31.86) (p < .00001*). In males, the Wall Sit demonstrated a significant improvement from 58.15 (±26.47) to 83.88 (±50.28) (p = .00022*). Conversely, the EG exhibited significant improvements in all three tests for both females and males. Inter-group comparisons revealed the EG's significantly higher mean scores in the One Minute Push-up Test (24.50 vs. 18.17, p = .00494*), PT(107.87 vs. 79.85, p = .01044* for males), and Wall Sit (112.34 vs. 83.88, p = .01255*). Both female and male participants in the EG showed significant improvements in the One Minute Push-up Test, Planking Test, and Wall Sit compared to the CG, with consistently higher mean scores across all tests.

Effects of different exercise patterns on drug craving in female methamphetamine-dependent patients: Evidence from behavior and fNIRS

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of short-term moderate-intensity cycle ergometer and aerobic calisthenics training on drug craving and brain activity. MethodsForty female methamphetamine (MA)-dependent patients were randomly assigned to receive 30 min of either moderate-intensity cycle ergometer or aerobic calisthenics training. Before and after exercise, drug-cue exposure task was used to assess changes in subjective drug craving, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to assess activation of prefrontal cortex. ResultsAfter the intervention, drug craving was significantly decreased in both groups, and activation of frontal polar area (FPA) was significantly decreased in the cycle ergometer group. Functional connectivity between right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and FPA in the aerobic calisthenics group was significantly reduced. Pre-exercise levels of drug craving correlated positively with FPA activation. ConclusionBoth short-term moderate-intensity cycle ergometer and aerobic calisthenics training effectively reduced subjective drug craving in female MA-dependent patients. Cycle ergometer training mainly decreased neural activity in FPA, and likely suppressed drug craving by reducing the episodic memory and pleasure experience of drug-related cues. Aerobic calisthenics training reduced functional connectivity between FPA and right DLPFC, and likely helped subjects reduce the motivation for drug-related behavior and inhibit drug craving.

Evolution of Physical Training in Police Academies: Comparing Fitness Variables.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three different physical training approaches to improving cadets' fitness variables. Retrospective data for male and female land management law enforcement officers attending a 15-week training program at three separate time points were provided for analysis. The time points reflected the three different training approaches, including calisthenic training (CT) = 83, functional fitness training (FT) = 90, and strength training (ST) = 110. Inferential data analysis was used to find which mode of exercise had the greatest impact on body composition, cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, agility, and flexibility. All groups displayed decreases in body fat percentage, with weight loss being more significant within the CT and FT groups, while the ST group increased in body weight. The CT group had the greatest flexibility increases compared to the FT and ST groups. ST training elicited significantly smaller changes in cardiovascular endurance than the FT and CT groups. ST training showed greater improvements in lean mass, while CT and FT showed greater increases in flexibility and endurance. These results suggest that training protocols can increase performance and optimize the abilities to perform job tasks in tactical athletes.

An Empirical Study on the Training Characteristics of Weekly Load of Calisthenics Teaching and Training Based on Deep Learning Algorithm

Load training is an important part of the daily training of aerobics athletes. Therefore, the research on the characteristics of aerobics movement of athletes in load training has been paid extensive attention by teaching units. Deep learning algorithm in artificial intelligence algorithm is used to study the characteristics of calisthenics teaching and training, which is a beneficial exploration to improve the scientific of calisthenics training programs. The basic principles of the neural network algorithm and implementation process are described. After the basic structure and characteristics of the network are analyzed, a comprehensive solution to optimize and improve the regularized deep belief network algorithm is proposed. The results show that compared with other learning algorithms, the feature classification error rate of the optimized regularized deep belief network algorithm is 6% lower than that of other algorithms. Although the training speed of the model decreases, the convergence period of the deep neural network algorithm can better achieve the extraction accuracy of abstract features of training data when the deep learning period increases. Being less affected by input parameters, the algorithm will have better stability and be more conducive to extracting the features favorable to classification. In the field of deep learning, the advantages of the deep neural networks can effectively classify the training characteristics of aerobics athletes and provide scientific decision-making basis for subsequent teaching and training.

The effect of calisthenics training on physical fitness parameters and sports specific skills of soccer players: A randomized controlled trial

The effect of calisthenics training on physical fitness parameters and sports specific skills of soccer players: A randomized controlled trial

Predictors of long-term survival in patients undergoing residential cardiac rehabilitation (rCR) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR): a multicenter retrospective study

Abstract Purpose To evaluate exercise-based rCR derived outcome predictors in patients referred after TAVR. Methods Data of 232 patients (aged 82±6 years, 45%males) admitted to an average 3-week rCR program after TAVR (walking, up to 30 minutes of cycling or treadmill session twice daily, respiratory and calisthenic training) from January 2009 to December 2017 and home discharged, were retrospectively collected at 10 rCR Divisions of Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri. Comorbidity (cumulative illness rated state-comorbidity index) (CIRS-CI) score, echocardiography on admission, disability (Barthel Index) (BI) score at discharge, six minutes walking test distance (6MWT) on discharge and maximal training session intensity (MTSI expressed in METs per minutes) were collected. All-cause mortality was assessed up to 3 years after rCR discharge. Results During a 3-year follow-up, there were 74 (32%) deaths. At univariate analysis, at discharge non survivors compared to survivors had significantly higher comorbidity rate (CIRS-ICC 5.2±2.3 vs 4.1±1.9, p=0.000) and disability level (BI 80.4±24 vs 88.8±17, p=0.000). Moreover, they had worse renal function (creatinine 1.6±0.9mg/dl vs 1.2±0.4, p=0.000), were more often on diuretic therapy (73% vs 53.2%, p=0.003) and on beta-blocker therapy (73% vs 57,6%, p=0.042) and had a markedly reduced functional capacity (6MWTD 221±100m vs 265±105m, p=0.001). At multivariate logistic stepwise analysis a lower comorbidity (CIRS-ICC), a more preserved renal function (creatinine level), a reduced use of diuretic therapy and 6MWT at discharge confirmed their power as independent predictors of survival at follow up (Table, Harrel's C = 0.707) Conclusions Patients attending rCR after TAVR are very old with significant comorbidity; overall mortality at 3-year follow-up after CR discharge is substantial. Our results suggest the need to implement ad-hoc long-term care strategies based on residual exercise capacity, comorbidity score and renal function for tailoring follow-up in patients discharged from rCR after TAVR. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Table 1

REPETITIVE SPRINT OR CALISTHENICS TRAINING: WHICH IS MORE SUCCESSFUL FOR ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE?

This study aims to compare the effects of repetitive sprint and calisthenics training methods on athletic performance improvement. The study was carried out with the voluntary participation of 20 international level kickboxers. Athletes were randomly assigned into two groups as Repetitive Sprint Training Group (RSTG) (n=10; ̄age: 20, 20±1,32 years) and Calisthenics Training Group (CTG) (n=10; age: 21,20±1,23 years). Athletes participated in the training of their groups for six weeks, three times a week, every other day. The effects of training methods on the performance improvement of athletes were examined by measurements and tests performed at the pre-test (T1), interim-test (T2), and post-test (T3) stages. Athletes' height, body composition (body weight, body mass index, body fat mass), aerobic endurance (VO2max), peak anaerobic power, and isometric leg (knee, flexion-extension) strength values (60º/sec- 90º/sec) has been examined. At the end of the study, the data were analyzed at a 95% significance level. The results of the study revealed that the repetitive sprint and calisthenics training methods were effective on body composition, aerobic endurance, anaerobic power, and isokinetic strength parameters (p1<0.05), but the effect level was similar in both training methods (p2>0.05). Repetitive sprint and calisthenics training methods are both effective in regulating the body composition of athletes and accelerating aerobic endurance, power, and strength progress, but when designed at similar training intensity, both methods have similar effects.

Reductions in Cardiopulmonary Disease Risk Following Calisthenic Concurrent Aerobic and Resistance Training in Young Adults in a Low Resource Setting

Background: Studies have demonstrated that young adults, especially in low- to middle-income countries, are increasingly susceptible to unfavorable alterations in body composition during their transition from adolescence to adulthood. This places young adults at an increased risk for numerous chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular, and/or pulmonary diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to determine if concurrent aerobic and resistance calisthenic training could reduce cardiopulmonary disease risk in young adults in a low resource setting. Methods: Thirty young adult males were randomly assigned to either a six-week non-exercising control group (NON) or concurrent aerobic or resistance training group (CON) that engaged in three, non-consecutive, 60-minute exercise sessions using a combination of 4 - 5 progressive resistance training exercises for two sets of 15 - 20 repetitions and 30 minutes of aerobic exercises at a rating of perceived exertion of 9 - 15. This study assessed anthropometry (body mass, stature, body mass index waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-stature ratio, sum of skinfolds, percentage body fat, fat mass, fat free mass and conicity index) and lung function (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expired volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal expiratory flow at 75% (MEF75%), maximal expiratory flow at 50% (MEF50%) and maximal expiratory flow at 25 (MEF25%). Results: Concurrent training resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvements in waist-to-hip ratio (0.94 ± 0.04 to 0.92 ± 0.05; P = 0.042), fat free mass (57.46 ± 9.16 to 58.21 ± 8.65 kg; P = 0.018), percentage body fat (14.56 ± 5.96 to 13.24 ± 5.77%, P = 0.006), fat mass (10.22 ± 5.31 to 9.29 ± 5.17 kg; P = 0.008), sum of skinfolds (96.22 ± 35.64 to 87.67 ± 32.15 mm; P = 0.004), PEF (5.06 ± 2.04 to 6.57 ± 2.51 L; P = 0.018), MEF75% (4.78 ± 2.01 to 6.24 ± 1.99 L.sec-1; P = 0.026), MEF50% (4.08 ± 1.20 to 5.24 ± 1.44 L.sec-1; P = 0.043) and MEF25% (2.66 ± 0.63 to 3.31 ± 1.87 L.sec-1; P = 0.038). Conclusions: The findings support the feasibility and efficacy of a simple and inexpensive concurrent aerobic and resistance training program to simultaneously improve body composition and lung function in an attempt to curb the increasing incidence of overweight/obesity and associated lung dysfunction in young adults in a low resource setting.

School Science Students Developing and Mobilizing Eco-Just Engineering Products

In many contexts worldwide, educators are encouraged to integrate aspects of the traditionally-isolated disciplines, science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). Among variants of STEM education, promotion of engineering design and consciousness of engineering processes, products and services seem particularly prevalent. Innovations/inventions from STEM are said, for instance, to improve people’s lives and to contribute to jurisdictional economic competitiveness. While there are numerous defenders of such foci, several scholars suggest that many STEM education initiatives minimize or alter students’ consciousness of harms to living and nonliving things associated with influences of powerful people (e.g., financiers) and groups (corporations, think tanks, trade organizations, etc.) on fields of science and technology and on many other entities. Accordingly, we report findings from action research involving a secondary school science teacher’s effort to educate students about such problematic relationships and, for areas of their concern, and to encourage them to design and implement STEM-based engineering products that perform intended functions and also addressed matters of social and/or ecological justice. Students developed, for example, a candle recycling device made from waste material, 3D-printed athletic shoes made from biodegradable material and 3D-printed paralletes supports (also biodegradable) for calisthenics training. At the same time, work still seems necessary to help students with abstract concepts like immutable mobiles and techniques for mobilizing such more eco-just technologies across multiple context to perhaps generate an assemblage of co-supportive living, nonliving and symbolic actants. Claims from Science and Technology Studies, such as sociotechnical imaginaries, show great promise in this regard.

Effect Of Bodybuilding Calisthenics Training On Executive Ability In Old Women Adults

The interest in research on the exercise ways to improve executive ability has grown rapidly in the last decade due to the aging global population. The exercise programs were mainly involved in walking, swimming and Tai Chi. However, there is little report about the bodybuilding calisthenics training efficiency in improving executive ability of old women adults. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of bodybuilding calisthenics training on executive ability in old women adults. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-seven old women adults (Age: 70.2±7.6 yr., Height: 158.2±4.9 cm, Mass: 59.4±8.5 kg) were recruited from local newspaper advertisement, whose Mini-Mental Status Examination scores were above 25. All subjects were randomly divided into experimental group (EG, n = 75) and control group (CG, n = 52). The EG conducted bodybuilding calisthenics training 2 times a week, 45 minutes each, for 25 weeks, and the CG continued to follow normal daily activities. The Trail Making Test A and B (TMT-A, TMT-B) and Tapping Test were used to evaluate the executive ability, which were measured before and after intervention. Two-way (group vs. time) repeated measures ANOVAs were performed for each of the outcome parameters. Tukey’s HSD tests were employed for post-hoc comparisons. The alpha level was set at p <0.05. RESULTS: 1. There were statistically significant group by time interactions for TMT-A (F(1,124) = 6.90, p<.001), TMT-B (F(1,124) = 6.64, p<.005) and Tapping Test (F(1,124) = 3.99, p<.05). 2. The main effect for time was significant for TMT-A (F(1,129) = 29.48, p<.001), TMT-B (F(1,125) = 22.09, p<.001) and Tapping Test (F(1,125) = 9.35, p<.005). The main effect for group was significant for TMT-A (F(1,125) = 4.77, p<.01), TMT-B (F(1,125) = 4.74, p<.05) and Tapping Test (F(1,125) = 3.14, p<.05). CONCLUSIONS: bodybuilding calisthenics training helped improving executive ability for old women adults.

WISE-Tech Design

In this article, a secondary school science student describes development and implementation of 3D-printed supports - with wooden dowels - to make cost-effective and environmentally sustainable 'parallets,' which are like small parallel bars used in calisthenics training. These were developed as research-informed and negotiated actions to overcome harms the student perceived in relationships among fields of science &amp; technology and societies &amp; environments (STSE).

Effects of a short-term of whole-body, high-intensity, intermittent training program on morphofunctional parameters

BackgroundFew studies have analyzed the application of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) using exercises with body weight among the morphofunctional parameters. AimTo analyze and compare the effects of six weeks of high-intensity intermittent calisthenic training (HIICT) and moderate intensity, continuous exercise (MICT) on body composition, hypertrophy, and strength. Materials and methodsTwenty-five active, healthy adults were randomized in either the HIIT group (n = 14) or the MICT group (n = 11). The HIIT group performed high-intensity intermittent calisthenic training based on full body exercise. The training session involved 5 min of warm-up followed by 20 sets of 30s all-out exercise and 30 s of passive recovery between sets. Jumping jack, mountain climber, burpee and squat jump were used. The MICT group performed continuous moderate running (5 min of warm-up followed by 20 min of running with intensity fixed at 80% of maximum heart rate). Training for both groups was performed three times weekly on nonconsecutive days. All subjects underwent anthropometric measurements and functional tests. Muscle thickness was also measured. ResultsThere were no significant changes observed in any anthropometric measurements in both groups. Regarding the functional tests, the analysis of the percentage changes revealed advantages of HIICT over MICT in push-ups only (p = 0.02). The muscular thickness of lower and upper limbs did not present significant differences in the pre- and post-times or between groups (p > 0.05). ConclusionWhen compared to MICT, HIIT improved push-up effects, without generating significant changes in body composition and muscle thickness.

The effects of a calisthenics training intervention on posture, strength and body composition

The effects of a calisthenics training intervention on posture, strength and body composition

Low-Volume Whole-Body Vibration Training Improves Exercise Capacity in Subjects With Mild to Severe COPD.

The objective of this study was to investigate the benefits of a low-volume out-patient whole-body vibration training (WBVT) program on exercise capacity in comparison with a calisthenics training program in subjects with COPD. In this single-center randomized controlled trial, 29 subjects with mild to severe COPD were randomized to WBVT or to calisthenics training, including relaxation and breathing retraining in combination with calisthenics exercises. Both groups equally exercised for a duration of 3 months with 2 sessions of 30 min/week. Outcome parameters were 6-min walk distance (6MWD, primary outcome), 5-repetition sit-to-stand test, leg press peak force, Berg balance scale, St George Respiratory Questionnaire, and COPD assessment test. Twenty-seven subjects completed the study (WBVT, n = 14; calisthenics training program, n = 13). Baseline characteristics between groups were comparable. Subjects in the WBVT group significantly improved median (interquartile range) 6MWD (+105 [45.5-133.5] m, P = .001), sit-to-stand test (-2.3 [-3.1 to -1.3] s, P = .001), peak force (28.7 [16.7-33.3] kg, P = .001), and Berg balance scale (1.5 [0.0-4.0] points, P = .055). Changes in 6MWD, sit-to-stand test, and leg press peak force were also found to be significantly different between groups in favor of the WBVT group. Only the between-group difference of the COPD assessment test score was in favor of the calisthenics training group (P = .02). A low-volume WBVT program resulted in significantly and clinically relevant larger improvements in exercise capacity compared with calisthenics exercises in subjects with mild to severe COPD. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration DRKS9706.).

Effect of physical activity counseling on physical activity of older people in Finland (ISRCTN 07330512)

The aim of this study was to describe the underlying theory and the implementation of a 2-year individualized physical activity counseling intervention and to evaluate whether benefits persisted 1.5 years after the intervention. The sample included 632 sedentary 75- to 81-year-old participants. Data were collected in 2003-2005. The participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group and a control group. The intervention consisted of an individualized face-to-face meeting followed by telephone contacts every 4 months for 2 years, with the aim to increase participation in specific physical activities as well as to increase habitual physical activity. At the 2-year follow-up, the prevalence of physical activities in the intervention group vs. control group was as follows: supervised calisthenics training 20 vs. 16%, walking for fitness 69 vs. 62%, weight training 13 vs. 8% and water aerobics 19 vs. 7%. For water aerobics and walking for fitness, the treatment effect was significant [water aerobics odds ratio (OR) 2.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-5.36, walking for fitness OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.05-2.40]. As to the other activities, the effect did not reach statistical significance. At the 1.5-year post-intervention, the follow-up results indicated that the intervention effect was still evident. The subgroup analyses suggested that physical activity counseling may be most efficacious among people with intact mobility, while those having manifest mobility limitations may not benefit from it. Older people who have manifest mobility limitations may need more face-to-face counseling.

Effects of High-Intensity Combined Training on Women over 65

Background: Many studies have sought to assess the effects of physical exercise on older people, but there is little scientific evidence concerning its effects on subjects’ quality of life and cognitive function. Besides, there is a need to know how well the elderly can tolerate combined exercise programs of great intensity and frequency, without risking their health. Objectives: To determine whether older people are able to do a high-intensity combined program of physical exercise, and to analyze its effects at a conditional, cognitive and functional level as well as on their quality of life. Methods: Sixty-two community-dwelling women older than 65 took part in a randomized trial, with subjects assigned to a combined program of aquatic exercise plus high-intensity strength training (group 1), or plus calisthenic training (group 2). Group 2 training consisted of several aerobic, mobility and flexibility exercises; group 1 training consisted of 7 exercises targeting the major muscle groups of the body, performed on exercise machines at an intensity of 75% of 1 repetition maximum. Both groups trained 5 days a week during 5 months. Quality of life, cognitive function, and functional level were assessed by means of validated questionnaires. Conditional evaluations included static and dynamic strength, balance, flexibility, and aerobic capacity. Results: No participant withdrew for adverse effects during the program or at the end. Both groups obtained a significant improvement in their quality of life and cognitive function, as well as in their balance and flexibility level, whereas only group 1 improved their static and dynamic strength significantly. Conclusion: Older women can take part in high-frequency, high-intensity training programs with no risk to their health while experiencing improvements to their quality of life, cognitive function, degree of independence and physical fitness.

Mental Calisthenics Training Slows Cognitive Decline, Helps Seniors Stay Independent, Five-Year Trial Finds

Mental Calisthenics Training Slows Cognitive Decline, Helps Seniors Stay Independent, Five-Year Trial Finds

Simulating pattern design and layout for group calisthenics and eurhythmics

Virtual reality has been applied to many areas such as education, art, entertainment, engineering, and sports simulation. Two case studies for sports simulation are presented here: the simulation of pattern design for group calisthenics and the simulation of the layout for group eurhythmics (art gymnastics). Virtual human technique is employed in both simulation systems. In case study 1, the authors studied group calisthenics training simulation to reduce rehearsal time. Several path-planning methods and a collision avoidance algorithm are presented. The new algorithm is simpler and more efficient than former methods. The system can help group calisthenics arrangement personnel improve designing quality and efficiency of transforming of alignment and pattern. In case study 2, the authors design and implement a simulation system for the group eurhythmics layout. It provides a direct and convenient method to train athletes for the eurhythmics team coaches. Experimental results illustrate the efficiency of the prototype systems.