California East Research Articles

“Challenge or Be Challenged”: The Personal and Political Importance of Black Women's Golf Clubs

Three Black women pose for a photograph mid play, a golf course stretching out behind them. With slight smiles, they squint in the sun at the camera, taking a break from the meditative intensity of the game. Two women wear skirts, or maybe one is sporting a culotte, bobby socks, and at least one of them seems to be wearing a regulation cleated shoe. A breeze blows fabric against legs. Each holds her club atop a golf ball, their bodies and the flagstick casting shadows on the putting green (see Figure 1). They are members of the Par-Links Black Women's Golf Club, formed in California's East Bay in 1958. Advertising for new members in the Oakland Black newspaper, the California Voice, the club held its first tournament the following year at Tilden Park Golf Course in Berkeley. “… challenge or be challenged,” the group cheered: “Your place on the ladder depends on your win.”

Alcohol Use Frequencies and Associated Problems Across Drinking Contexts

To better quantify the impact of specific on- and off-premise drinking contexts on population-level alcohol-related problems, we evaluated context-specific risks relative to frequency of use of each context. We surveyed 860 adult (21-100 years) past-year drinkers in the California East Bay, sampled in areas of high versus low median household income and off-premise alcohol outlet densities. We examined associations of context-specific drinking frequencies in seven on- and off-premise drinking locations with individual and area characteristics using negative binomial regression. Next, we used heteroscedastic ordered logistic regression to relate context-specific drinking frequencies and continued volumes to five drinking-related problems (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores, physiological problems, risky sex, social problems, and driving after drinking too much). To estimate population-level effects, we assessed drinking frequencies relative to mean past-year use of each drinking context. Higher individual annual income (>$60,000) was associated with more frequent drinking in all on-premise drinking contexts (bars/clubs, restaurants, and stadiums). Heavier overall drinking was associated with drinking more frequently at bars. Drinking more frequently in respondents' own homes and heavier drinking at friends'/relatives' homes were associated with most drinking-related problems. The population-level effects of physiological problems and driving after drinking too much were highest for parties and friends'/relatives' homes, whereas that of risky sex outcomes was highest for bars. Assessing context-specific risks related to heavy and/or frequent drinking, in combination with scaling these risks to determine population-level impacts, can help tailor interventions to reduce alcohol-related problems across different on- and off-premise contexts.

Rights in Transit: Public Transportation and the Right to the City in California's East Bay

Kafui Ablode Attoh. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2019. xvi and 155 pp., figures, index. $99.95 cloth (ISBN 9780820354217); $28.95 paper (ISBN 9780820354200).Spring 2019 saw the debut bo...

Rights in Transit: Public Transportation and the Right to the City in California's East Bay by Kafui Ablode Attoh

Rights in Transit: Public Transportation and the Right to the City in California's East Bay by Kafui Ablode Attoh

Weatherscapes: Baja California's East Cape – Winds and Waves of Tropical Transition

Weatherscapes: Baja California's East Cape – Winds and Waves of Tropical Transition

Sinea incognita McPherson, a New Species of Assassin Bug from America North of Mexico, with Designations of Lectotypes and Paralectotypes for Sinea complexa and Sinea integra and Analysis and Comparison of the Three Species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae)

The reduviid genus Sinea presently is represented in America north of Mexico by 10 species, one of which is Sinea complexa Caudell. This species has been listed from California east to Missouri and Illinois. In fact, it does not occur in Missouri and Illinois but is limited primarily to the West and Southwest. A new species, Sinea incognita McPherson, described herein, occurs from Maryland south to Georgia and west to Kansas and Texas. It closely resembles S. complexa, for which we provide distinguishing characters; J.E.M. designates a male lectotype and female paralectotype for Caudell's syntypes. A third species, Sinea integra Stål, currently known only from Mexico, shares with S. incognita and S. complexa the presence of spines and tubercles on both lobes of the pronotum rather than just on the anterior lobe as is typical of other Sinea spp. Because we discuss the three species in this article, and Stål did not designate a holotype for either of his two syntypes of S. integra (a male and female) deposited in the Swedish Museum of Natural History, J.E.M. also designates a male lectotype and female paralectotype for this species.

Imagining a “cultural turn” in transportation geography

This paper asks what a “cultural turn” in transportation geography might look like. In taking seriously Susan Hanson's claim that transportation geography has become a “moribund corner” of the discipline, this paper suggests a set of new avenues for inquiry. To do so, the paper draws on fieldwork I conducted in California's East Bay, as well as the story a fictitious transit system called the “B-Line.” Despite being a fiction, I argue that the B-Line offers an excellent entry point into mapping what a “cultural turn” in transportation geography might entail. Speaking to the larger theme of “doing cultural geography,” this essay argues that doing cultural geography not only means continuing to explore questions of representation, ideology, and cultural meaning, but it also means applying those questions to areas of study like transportation geography—areas where such questions remain largely unexplored.

Epitypification Carex bolanderi (Cyperaceae)

With the description of Carex infirminervia Naczi (in Naczi et al. 2002: 528) and the summation of Carex sect. Deweyanae (Tuckerman ex Mackenzie 1913: 352) Mackenzie (1931: 114) by Naczi (in Naczi 2002: 321–325), a recent summary of Pacific Northwest sedges (Wilson et al. 2008: 106–107), and the new Jepson Manual (Zika et al. 2012: 1322), the circumscription of C. bolanderi Olney (1868: 393) is now firmly established. As such, C. bolanderi occurs from southern British Columbia to southern California east to Montana, Utah and New Mexico, and then south in the Sierra Madre Occidental through Chihuahua to northern Durango, Mexico. Previous usage of C. bolanderi was somewhat confused both as to its circumscription and to its distribution because of the inclusion of some specimens of C. infirminervia as in the cases of Munz (1959: 1443, 1974: 887) and Mastrogiuseppe (1993: 1122), or when it was included in C. deweyana Schweinitz (1824: 65; e.g., Cronquist 1969: 261, 1977: 158, Taylor 1983: 102).

“Activities Among Negroes”

After authoring a groundbreaking book in 1919 about African-American contributions to California history, Delilah Beasley began in 1923 writing a column, “Activities Among Negroes, “for the Oakland Tribune, detailing the lives of African Americans around the country. This made her the first African-American woman to be a regular columnist for a mainstream (predominately white) newspaper. Her columns chronicled a range of activities among the black elite, from the quotidian to the exceptional, and provided white readers with positive portrayals of African Americans that were not commonly available to white audiences. What she wrote often drew the attention of prominent whites in the community, particularly women involved in the progressive movement and women's clubs, and promoted interracial dialogue in California's East Bay region.

HOUSING, SPRAWL, AND THE USE OF DEVELOPMENT IMPACT FEES: THE CASE OF THE INLAND EMPIRE

This article is concerned with the economics of excessively large and socially costly suburban expansion and attempts to summarize and organize the main economic arguments associated with sprawl due to single‐family residential home construction. We also apply standard welfare economics and price policy instruments to the issue of suburban sprawl in order to suggest ways in which economics can participate in and inform the debate over sprawl. The article uses the Inland Empire, which includes the valley regions of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties in Southern California east of Los Angeles, as a case study. (JEL R11, R14, Q24)

Pressure Zone Audits Pinpoint Water Loss

This article discusses how automatic meter reading (AMR) with data‐logging functions and hourly system comparisons allow utilities to analyze new levels of detail in system supply and customer demand. This information helps utilities better understand water losses and whether the losses result from inaccurate meters, system leaks, or water theft. The article offers an example of California's East Bay Municipal Utility District evaluating the conservation benefits of mobile and fixed‐network AMR systems, equipped with data‐logging capabilities, in two pressure zones known as Round Hill and Holly. The goal was to determine the true nature of lost water – leaks, flushing, fire flow, system meter error, customer meter error, theft, leaks from one zone to another, or any combination of these factors. In addition to AMR and data‐logging‐equipped customer meters, the audit used historical hourly supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) operations data for flow rates and reservoir level indicators, acoustic leak‐detection equipment, and customer‐meter testing equipment. Audit details are provided, along with study findings. Field tests revealed that apparent losses are evident from graphical analysis. The leakage survey revealed no significant distribution system leaks within the pressure zones. Slow customer‐side leaks, especially on large meters, are sleeping giants of system loss within pressure zones.

Steel Tank Reservoirs: Replacement Versus Rehabilitation

This article discusses California's East Bay Municipal Utility District's program for rehabilitating its steel tank reservoirs. Design changes that have been incorporated in the last 75 years are listed, along with changes in coatings since the 1960s. Topics covered include: evolution of rehabilitation practices; increasing costs of recoating steel; increasing project timelines; re‐evaluating the economics of replacement versus rehabilitation; bolted steel tank considerations; and, resistance to vandalism.

American Labor in the Era of World War II.

Acknowledgments Introduction by Sally M. Miller and Daniel A. Cornford Labor in the National Arena CIO Leaders and the State, 1935-1955 by Robert H. Zieger The Law of Collective Bargaining and Wartime Labor Regulations by James A. Atleson The United Steelworkers of America and Health Insurance, 1937-1962 by Alan Derickson Struggles at the Workplace Wartime Shipyards: The Transformation of Labor in San Francisco's East Bay by Marilynn S. Johnson The San Francisco Machinists and the National War Labor Board by Richard P. Boyden Who Controls the Hiring Hall? The Struggle for Job Control in the ILWU during World War II by Nancy L. Quam-Wickham Race, Gender, and Community Her Husband Didn't Have a Word to Say: Black Women and Blues Clubs in Richmond, California During World War II by Shirley Ann Moore African-American Migrant Women in the San Francisco East Bay Area by Gretchen Lemke-Santangelo Catalyst for Change: Wartime Housing and African Americans in California's East Bay by Delores Nason McBroome The CIO: A Vanguard for Civil Rights in Southern California, 1940-1946 by David Oberweiser, Jr. Index

The milliped order Callipodida in western North America (Schizopetalidae: Tynommatinae), and a summary of the New World fauna

AbstractIn western North America, the milliped order Callipodida is represented by the Colactidini, Tynommatini stat. n., and Diactidini tribus n., in the subfamily Tynommatinae, family Schizopetalidae; a coordinate tribe, the Texophonini, occurs on the Gulf Coast of south Texas. The Tynommatini consists of two genera and four species: Tynomma mutans (Chamberlin), T. magnum Buckett & Gardner, and T. gardneri sp. n., occurring around Monterey and San Pablo/San Francisco Bays, California, and Idrionaria dineh gen. n. & sp. n., in Washington County, Utah. The Colactidini ranges from Durango, Mexico, to central Utah and California east of the Sierra Nevada, with disjunct areas in southern California and Baja California, the latter extending northward to metropolitan San Diego. It is represented by two genera and 6 species: Colactis Loomis: C. tiburona (Chamberlin), utorum (Chamberlin), and protenta and quadrata, both by Loomis; and Heptium Loomis: H. carinellum and scamillatum, both by Loomis. The Diactidini, occupying coastal southern California and the adjacent fringe of Baja California, is comprised of three genera and 10 species: Diactis Loomis: D. soleata, triangula, and frondifera, all by Loomis, and amniscela, cupola, jacinto, procera, and strumella, all spp. n.; Florea sinuata gen. n. & sp. n.; and Caliactis bistolata gen. n. & sp. n. The following new synonymies are proposed: C. yuma Chamberlin, sideralis Loomis, and loomisi Hoffman under C. tiburona; C. briggsi Shear and saxetana and baboquivari, both by Loomis, under C. utorum; H. canum Chamberlin under H. carinellum; and Etiron paroicum and pearcei, both by Chamberlin, under D. triangula and T. mutans, respectively. The eastern Nearctic callipodid fauna is summarized and significant new localities are reported; Tetracion antraeum Hoffman, stat. n., is elevated from a subspecies of T. jonesi Hoffman.

Review: Parallel Communities: African Americans in California's East Bay, 1850-1963, by Delores Nason McBroome

Review: <i>Parallel Communities: African Americans in California's East Bay, 1850-1963</i>, by Delores Nason McBroome

Parallel Communities: African Americans in California's East Bay, 1850-1963.

Parallel Communities: African Americans in California's East Bay, 1850-1963.

Parallel communities: African Americans in California's East Bay, 1850-1963

Parallel communities: African Americans in California's East Bay, 1850-1963

Parallel Communities: African Americans in California's East Bay, 1850-1963

Parallel Communities: African Americans in California's East Bay, 1850-1963

1981 Water year: Dry streams

More than three fourths of the nation—stretching in a broad band from California east through the Great Plains and blanketing the southeast—experienced a dry ‘water year,’ according to the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior.USGS hydrologists said that over the past 12 months, streamflow averaged well below normal—within the lowest 25% of record—in all or parts of 39 states. Over 60% of the key USGS index gaging stations across the country showed well below normal average streamflow for the water year.

Comparison of the San Andreas Fault System with the Highland Boundary Fault System of Scotland

SummaryThere are close geometrical and dimensional similarities between the faults in Scotland north of the Highland Boundary Fault and faults in southern California east of the San Andreas Fault. It is argued that the Moine Thrust and Oarlock Fault are equivalents and that the Great Glen Fault and the Rosamund Lineament are also equivalent, implying corresponding senses of movement and that the Highland Boundary Fault originated as a dextral transform. The comparison cannot be extended yet to the terrains to the N of the Oarlock Fault or W of the San Andreas or to the corresponding areas in the Caledonides.