An overview of the recent revision of “ANSI/ASA S3.7-2016 Method for Measurement and Calibration of Earphones” is given. Guidance for the selection of the appropriate coupler or ear simulator for a given earphone and application is provided. The various clauses within the standard describing measurements of calibrated frequency response, input-output linearity, electrical impedance, and non-linear distortion are presented. The method in the standard for dealing with issues related to positioning and test repeatability when using a head and torso simulator is described. The different standard coupling configurations for insert earphones and receivers are detailed. Intermodulation and difference frequency distortion test methods and their use to overcome the bandwidth limitations of the measurement system are also described. A method for measuring and quantifying left-right balance in a stereo headphone is also presented.