Calendula Officinalis Extract Research Articles

Unlocking the Antioxidant Potential of Calendula Officinalis: A Comparative Study of Extraction Methods

Calendula officinalis which is also known as marigold is a species of plant in the daisy family that has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, cytotoxic, and antitumor properties. In this study we tried to analyze the antioxidant activity of calendula officinalis flowers extract. Three different extraction methods that are soxhlet, maceration, and ultrasonic procedures are applied to the calendula officinalis flowers and antioxidant activities for each extract is analyzed and compared. Methods: In this study, soxhlet, maceration and ultrasonic extraction methods and ethanol solvent are used to obtain calendula officinalis extracts. The antioxidant activity of the extracts with different concentration are investigated under DPPH solution. Results: DPPH radical scavenging activity for the extract obtained using soxhlet procedure is higher than the other two procedures that are maceration and ultrasonic. With increasing calendula officinalis extract concentration, it is observed that the antioxidant activity is also increased as expected. Conclusions: In conclusion, calendula officinalis flowers perform very high antioxidant property and the soxhlet method can be considered as the best method for the extraction. Further researches for the application of the extract can be studied.

Formulation and standardization of calendula officinalis for wound healing

The treatment alternatives are accessible for the administration of most kinds of wounds which intense just as incessant. One operator that has been utilized for a long time for the treatment of dermatological issue and has a numerous quantity of pharmacological activities that are valuable to wound mending that is Calendula officinalis, or pot marigold. Home grown plants give a rich source to social insurance to forestall and treat diverse neurotic states. Calendula officinalis, the pot marigold, normal marigold or Scotch marigold, is a plant of the family Asteraceae. The fundamental synthetic segments found in the flowers are saponins, triterpenes, liquor triterpenes, unsaturated fat esters, carotenoids, flavonoids, coumarines, basic oils, hydrocarbons, and unsaturated fats. Calendula officinalis is a plant that has numerous pharmacological activities like injury mending, aggravation, eye disease, menstrual period issues, ulcer, stomach upset etc. In this investigation, the ethanolic extract methodology is done to acquire the concentrate of calendula officinalis herb just as the tender Thin Layer Chromatography profile of calendula officinalis leaf, blossom and stamps of the plant. This exploratory examination will uncover that calendula officinalis introduced calming properties acting in a positive manner on the provocative of the mending procedure. Extractive value and Ash value also determine the quality of the crude drug and that crude drug ethanolic extract use for the formulation of herbal cream and further evaluation process to be used to test calendula officinalis extract ethanolic herbal cream.

Cosmetic degradation: A study on body lotions with botanical extracts

Lipid oxidation is a spontaneous process in fats and, consequently, in products with significant fat content. Many cosmetics fall into this category, presenting an intrinsic relationship between the productʼs quality, oxidation capacity, and market value. This study comprehensively investigated the aging of body lotions, accentuating the role of their chemical formulations. Sensory analysis clarified that controlled temperature-induced aging significantly altered the lotions' appearance, texture, color, and, to a lesser extent, odor, hinting at the onset of rancidity. As lipid peroxidation unfolds, the emergence of secondary oxidation products like aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols becomes prominent. These secondary products indicate a potential degradation in the lotion's quality and efficacy. Quantifying the primary oxidation products was possible using methods like the quantification of Conjugated Dienes (CD) expressed in percentage and the Peroxide Index (PI) method expressed in meqO2/kg of a dry sample. On the other hand, methods such as the p-Anidisine Index (pAi) and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) with malonaldehyde (MDA) expressed as malonaldehyde concentration (mg/g of dry sample) provided the quantification of secondary oxidation products. Regarding lipid oxidation, lotions containing sunflower and soybean oils emerged as notably susceptible. Conversely, samples that demonstrated minimal oxidation, were attributed to protective elements such as Aloe barbadensis and Calendula officinalis extracts. Examining into secondary oxidation, four samples displayed the highest TOTOX values, indicating extensive oxidation. A discernible correlation was observed between TOTOX values and natural extracts' presence (or lack), underscoring their protective or exacerbating roles. Certain natural ingredients, including A. barbadensis leaf juice powder and C. officinalis flower extract, were recognized as supporters against oxidation. Yet, components like PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil can, paradoxically, seem to intensify the oxidative cascade. This research provides crucial insights into the interplay between natural extracts and lipid oxidation in body lotions. The elucidated results accentuate the necessity for judicious ingredient selection, balancing the inclusion of natural extracts to ensure product quality, longevity, and safety.

Quaternized chitosan/PVA/natural bioactive agent electrospun wound scaffolds: production, characterization, and investigation of release kinetics.

Quaternized chitosan (HTCC) was synthesized and characterized to increase chitosan solubility. Then HTCC was electrospun with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and prepared natural bioactive agent (Calendula officinalis) extract was loaded onto fibers for wound scaffold applications. Morphological, structural, and mechanical characterization of the produced wound scaffolds was performed and their in vitro bioactive component release behavior was investigated. As a result, it was observed that the degree of quaternization of chitosan was 0.89, and synthesized HTCC was soluble in acidic, basic, alkaline media and could be electrospun with PVA in the presence of a natural bioactive agent. The presence of HTCC increased Young's modulus and the tensile strength of the PVA scaffolds, while the presence of bioactive extract caused a decrease in Young's modulus and an increase in tensile strength. Calendula officinalis is released in a controlled and slow manner from the scaffolds within approximately 55 h. The release behavior was consistent with the Higuchi kinetic model. In this study, the effect of PVA cooperator on HTCC nanofiber production in the presence of a bioactive component was investigated for the first time. HTCC and Calendula officinalis extract were also used together for the first time in the composition of a fiber scaffold. The mechanical properties and release kinetics of these scaffolds were also investigated for the first time. According to the results, it is thought that the wound scaffolds produced have the potential to be used as a new treatment tool, especially for chronic wounds.

The engineering, drug release, and in vitro evaluations of the PLLA/HPC/Calendula Officinalis electrospun nanofibers optimized by Response Surface Methodology

A system based on poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) was considered in this study to achieve electrospun mats with outstanding properties and applicability in biomedical engineering. A novel binary solvent system of chloroform/N,N-dimethylformamide (CF/DMF:70/30) was utilized to minimize the probable phase separation between the polymeric components. Moreover, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to model/optimize the process. Finally, to scrutinize the ability of the complex in terms of drug delivery, Calendula Officinalis (Marigold) extract was added to the solution of the optimal sample (Opt.PH), and then the set was electrospun (PHM). As a result, the presence of Marigold led to higher values of fiber diameter (262 ± 34 nm), pore size (483 ± 102 nm), and surface porosity (81.0 ± 7.3 %). As this drug could also prohibit the micro-scale phase separation, the PHM touched superior tensile strength and Young modulus of 11.3 ± 1.1 and 91.2 ± 4.2 MPa, respectively. Additionally, the cumulative release data demonstrated non-Fickian diffusion with the Korsmeyer-Peppas exponent and diffusion coefficient of n = 0.69 and D = 2.073 × 10−14 cm2/s, respectively. At the end stage, both the Opt.PH and PHM mats manifested satisfactory results regarding the hydrophilicity and cell viability/proliferation assessments, reflecting their high potential to be used in regenerative medicine applications.

Mesoporous Composite Bioactive Compound Delivery System for Wound-Healing Processes.

Currently, the treatment of wounds is still a challenge for healthcare professionals due to high complication incidences and social impacts, and the development of biocompatible and efficient medicines remains a goal. In this regard, mesoporous materials loaded with bioactive compounds from natural extracts have a high potential for wound treatment due to their nontoxicity, high loading capacity and slow drug release. MCM-41-type mesoporous material was synthesized by using sodium trisilicate as a silica source at room temperature and normal pressure. The synthesized mesoporous silica was characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), N2 absorption-desorption (BET), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), revealing a high surface area (BET, 1244 m2/g); pore diameter of approx. 2 nm; and a homogenous, ordered and hexagonal geometry (TEM images). Qualitative monitoring of the desorption degree of the Salvia officinalis (SO) extract, rich in ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, and Calendula officinalis (CO) extract, rich in polyphenols and flavones, was performed via the continuous recording of the UV-VIS spectra at predetermined intervals. The active ingredients in the new composite MCM-41/sage and marigold (MCM-41/SO&CO) were quantified by using HPLC-DAD and LC-MS-MS techniques. The evaluation of the biological composites' activity on the wound site was performed on two cell lines, HS27 and HaCaT, naturally involved in tissue-regeneration processes. The experimental results revealed the ability to stimulate collagen biosynthesis, the enzymatic activity of the main metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) involved in tissue remodeling processes and the migration rate in the wound site, thus providing insights into the re-epithelializing properties of mesoporous composites.

Validated HPLC and HPTLC Methods for Quantitative analysis of Syringic acid in Calendula officinalis

Calendula officinalis L. have been recognized as most widely explored medicinal plant which have several pharmacological activities. The flowers of the Calendula officinalis have been used for from ancient time as remedy as Choleretic, phytopharmaceuticals, anti-inflammatory, regenerating, expectorants etc. The several pharmacological activities have been reported form the Calendula officinalis. Several compounds have been identified from the Calendula officinalis extract. Syringic acid have been recognized as important marker compound in the plant. The aim of the present research work was to develop and validate the methods for the quantitative analysis of syringic acid from the Calendula officinalis through RP-HPLC and HPTLC methods. The precision and accuracy of methods were calculated as per ICH guidelines. The developed methods for syringic acid determination were validated. The syringic acid in extract of Calendula officinalis was found 5.36% and 5.22% w/w from HPLC and HPTLC methods respectively. The HPLC and HPTLC methods can be used to determine the authenticity, assay, dissolution studies, bioequivalence studies and routine analysis in pharmaceutical industries.

Physicochemical Characterization, Biocompatibility, and Antibacterial Properties of CMC/PVA/Calendula officinalis Films for Biomedical Applications.

This study reports a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite film that incorporates Calendula officinalis (CO) extract for biomedical applications. The morphological, physical, mechanical, hydrophilic, biological, and antibacterial properties of CMC/PVA composite films with various CO concentrations (0.1%, 1%, 2.5%, 4%, and 5%) are fully investigated using different experiments. The surface morphology and structure of the composite films are significantly affected by higher CO concentrations. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) analyses confirm the structural interactions among CMC, PVA, and CO. After CO is incorporated, the tensile strength and elongation upon the breaking of the films decrease significantly. The addition of CO significantly reduces the ultimate tensile strength of the composite films from 42.8 to 13.2 MPa. Furthermore, by increasing the concentration of CO to 0.75%, the contact angle is decreased from 15.8° to 10.9°. The MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay reveals that the CMC/PVA/CO-2.5% and CMC/PVA/CO-4% composite films are non-cytotoxic to human skin fibroblast cells, which is favorable for cell proliferation. Remarkably, 2.5% and 4% CO incorporation significantly improve the inhibition ability of the CMC/PVA composite films against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In summary, CMC/PVA composite films containing 2.5% CO exhibit the functional properties for wound healing and biomedical engineering applications.

Wound healing and antibacterial capability of electrospun polyurethane nanofibers incorporating Calendula officinalis and Propolis extracts

In order to produce a healing accelerator antibacterial wound dressing, different electrospun polyurethane (PU)-based nanofibers inclusive Calendula officinalis and Propolis ethanolic extracts were fabricated. The measurement of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) determined the concentrations of incorporating extracts. Then the morphological properties of the produced polyurethane (PU), polyurethane/C. officinalis (PU/CO), polyurethane/Propolis (PU/PR), polyurethane/C. officinalis/Propolis (PU/CO/PR) were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physicochemical features and biological characteristics of the fabricated nanofibers were evaluated. Subsequently, the antibacterial and wound-healing efficiency of electrospun wound dressings were tested under in vivo situation. The electrospun PU/CO/PR nanofiber illustrated the most degree of antibacterial, antioxidant, and cell proliferation efficiencies. In vivo examination and histological analysis confirmed significant improvement in the complete, well-organized wound-healing process in MRSA-infected wounds treated with PU/CO/PR. These outcomes described PU/CO/PR electrospun nanofibers as a wound dressing that can significantly facilitate wound healing with notable antibacterial, antioxidant, and cell proliferation properties.

Sustainable-Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Hyssopus officinalis and Calendula officinalis Extracts and Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using aqueous medical plant extracts as reducing and capping agents show multiple applicability for bacterial problems. The aim of this study was to expand the boundaries on AgNPs using a novel, low-toxicity, and cost-effective alternative and green approach to the biosynthesis of metallic NPs using Calendula officinalis (Calendula) and Hyssopus officinalis (Hyssopus) aqueous extracts. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The effectiveness of biosynthesized AgNPs in quenching free radicals and inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms was supported by in vitro antioxidant activity assay methods and using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test, respectively. The elucidated antimicrobial and antioxidative activities of medical plant extracts were compared with data from the engineered biosynthetic AgNPs. The antimicrobial effect of engineered AgNPs against selected test cultures was found to be substantially stronger than for plant extracts used for their synthesis. The analysis of AgNPs by TEM revealed the presence of spherical-shaped nano-objects. The size distribution of AgNPs was found to be plant-type-dependent. The smaller AgNPs were obtained with Hyssopus extract (with a size range of 16.8 ± 5.8 nm compared to 35.7 ± 4.8 nm from Calendula AgNPs). The AgNPs' presumably inherited biological functions of Hyssopus and Calendula medical plants can provide a platform to combat pathogenic bacteria in the era of multi-drug resistance.

Co-electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ɛ-caprolactone) nanofiber scaffolds containing coffee and Calendula officinalis extracts for wound healing applications

Fabrication of a biocompatible nanofibrous dressing with the advantage of the inclusion of bioactive herbal extracts is a promising approach in skin tissue engineering and wound healing applications. Herbal extracts possess many properties to promote the wound healing process, such as antioxidant properties, anti-inflammation activities as well as enhancing fibroblasts proliferation and migration. In this study, Calendula officinalis ( C. officinalis) and coffee extracts were loaded into poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PVA/PCL) nanofibrous mats. The obtained scaffolds were then characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), contact angle, and mechanical measurements. Also, the antioxidant activity, scratch assay, and cell viability of fibroblast cells were also evaluated. The results showed PVA/PCL scaffold loaded with 10 wt% C. officinalis and coffee extracts displayed smooth homogenous morphology with 317 ± 106 nm average diameter. Moreover, the relevant analyses confirmed that the extracts were incorporated into the nanofibers with suitable hydrophilicity and higher mechanical strength (4 ± 0.4 MPa). The antioxidant assay showed that IC50 values of coffee and C. officinalis extracts were 46 ± 1 ppm and 101 ± 4 ppm, successively, which presented a high antioxidant activity. The combination of both extracts showed a higher rate of migration than individual extracts with not detected cytotoxic effects on the human dermal fibroblast cells. In conclusion, our results confirmed that the coffee and C. officinalis extracts loaded PVA/PCL nanofibrous scaffolds could provide an appropriate construct for wound healing applications.

The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Calendula Officinalis Extract on Androgen-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Model in Female Rat

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age, and the major cause of infertility. Today, using medicinal plants instead of chemical drugs could be an alternative treatment option for PCOS. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Calendula officinalis hydroalcoholic extract on PCOS in rats. Method 60 female adult rats were randomly divided into six groups, including control, sham, PCOS group, and treated PCOS groups receiving hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula officinalis with different dosages of 200, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. PCOS was induced by subcutaneous injection of DHEA 6 mg/100 g bw for 35 days. For two weeks, the extract was taken orally. The serum glucose, insulin, sex hormone levels, and oxidative status were measured at the end of the experiment. The ovaries were dissected for histomorphometric and pathological analysis. Results When compared to the control and sham groups, the PCOS group showed a significant increase in glucose, insulin, testosterone, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, cystic and atretic follicles, and thickness of the theca and tunica albuginea layers, and a significant decrease in LH concentration, total antioxidant capacity, corpus luteum, antral follicles, and oocyte diameter. The mean concentration of FSH, on the other hand, did not change significantly. A trend of improvement was found in the treated groups with high doses of Calendula officinalis extract. Conclusion In rats with PCOS and nonovulation, Calendula officinalis hydroalcoholic extract improved oxidative stress, restored folliculogenesis, and increased ovulation.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of bee propolis (Tetragonisca angustula) and/or Calendula officinalis and potential use in mouthwash formulation / Atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante de extratos hidroalcoólicos de propolis de abelha (Tetragonisca angustula) e/ou Calendula officinalis e potencial uso na formulação de enxaguantes bucais

Calendula officinalis and propolis extracts have a wide range of biological activities, including antimicrobial action against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to produce a mouthwash containing extracts of propolis and/or C. officinalis, with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity against pathogenic microorganisms implicated in periodontitis. The antimicrobial activity of extracts was evaluated based on the well diffusion assay. Total phenols, flavonoids and radical scavenging activity were evaluated by spectrophotometric method. The extract that showed greater antioxidant and antimicrobial potential against bacterial strains isolated from patients with periodontal disease were used for the composition of five mouthwash formulations. Thus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus pneumoniae were used as antimicrobial activity indicator microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 were used as control group. Five mouthwash formulations were developed, differing in the addition or not of raw propolis extract (20%), chlorhexidine digluconate or sodium fluoride (0.05%). The results indicate that propolis extract was more efficient than the calendula extract with antimicrobial action superior compared to azithromycin against S. pneumoniae, isolated from patients with stage III/IV periodontitis. The propolis extract had a higher flavonoid content (0.288 ± 0.038 mg EQ/g) than marigold extract. The F5 formulation containing chlorhexidine was more efficient in inhibiting Gram-positive pathogens, followed by formulations no. 2 and no. 4 which contained propolis extract. In this perspective, the propolis extract presented not only antimicrobial activity, but also antioxidant activity. Thus, the use of propolis in pharmaceutical formulas, such as the one presented here, could be especially useful in oral hygiene, contributing to the prevention of periodontitis.

Efficacy of 10% Calendula officinalis extract gel for oral wound healing in rats

This study assessed the efficacy of 10% Calendula officinalis (C. officinalis) extract gel for oral wound healing in rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomized into test and control groups (n=16). The rats were anesthetized to create a wound in their buccal mucosa by a #3 puncher. Next, 10% C. officinalis gel and a placebo gel were applied over the wounds in the test and control groups, respectively. Each group was randomly divided into two subgroups for assessment at 7 and 14 days (duration of treatment). At each time point, a biopsy sample was obtained from the wound and type of inflammatory cells, severity of inflammation, type of connective tissue, and percentage of wound contraction were assessed by a pathologist. Data were analyzed by univariate ANOVA and Chi-square test. The mean percentage of wound contraction was 28.28% and 62.58% in the test and -15.98% and 7.08% in the control group at 7 and 14 days, respectively, indicating significantly greater wound contraction in the test group at both time points (p<0.001). The type of connective tissue was significantly different between the two groups at 14 days (p<0.05). The number of giant cells was significantly higher in the test group than the control group at 7 days (p<0.05). No other significant differences were noted. Application of 10% C. officinalis gel improved wound contraction and enhanced healing but had no significant effect on the severity of inflammation in traumatic oral ulcers in rats.

Cardiovascular protective properties of green synthesised iron nanoparticles from Calendula officinalis leaf aqueous extract on Mitoxantrone-induced DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in HDMVECn, HUVEC, HAEC, HCAEC, HCASMC and HPAEC cells

In this study, iron nanoparticles were synthesised in aqueous medium using Calendula officinalis extract as stabilising and reducing agents. The synthesised nanoparticles (FeNPs) were characterised using different techniques, including UV–Vis. and FT-IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS). According to the XRD analysis, 34.29 nm was measured for FeNPs crystal size. SEM images exhibited a uniform spherical morphology in size of 46.30 nm for the biosynthesized nanoparticles. TUNEL test was used to show apoptosis and DNA fragmentation. The mitochondrial membrane potential was studied by Rhodamine123 fluorescence dye. Iron nanoparticles-treated cell cutlers decreased the DNA fragmentation. They raised the mitochondrial membrane potential in the high concentration of Mitoxantrone-treated HDMVECn, HUVEC, HAEC, HCAEC, HCASMC and HPAEC cells. The best result of cardiovascular protective properties was seen in the high dose of iron nanoparticles, i.e. 4 µg. According to the above findings, iron nanoparticles containing Calendula officinalis leaf aqueous extract may be administrated as a cardiovascular protective supplement for treating cardiovascular diseases after approving in the clinical trial studies in humans.

Pharmacist’s Evaluation of Natural Ingredients in Topical Products for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can lead to chronic pain and joint deformity. First line treatment includes disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to slow disease progression, but RA patients are often left with debilitating symptoms. This article explores alternative topical and naturally based options to treat RA symptoms, with supporting evidence for their use. Considered options include Aloe vera, Perillyl Alcohol (POH), Aleurites moluccana, Calendula officinalis extract (quercetin), Achyranthes species, Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu, Curcumin (turmeric), Wutou, Radix paeoniae extract (Paeoniflorin), Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), Capsaicin, Cannabinoids (CBD), and Berberine. Many of these products show promising data for supplemental treatment of RA through various mechanisms, with CBD and TWHF having the most robust evidence supporting their use.

Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices in the Form of Suppositories for Rectal and Vaginal Use

Background. Programs of preclinical safety studies of the health care products depend on the regulatory status of the investigated products. The classification of such products, in particular suppositories for rectal and vaginal use, is a critical step of developing tactics for their biological evaluation. Adaptation of biological evaluation methods for the medical devices based on the combination of biologically active substances, as well as evaluation of the results of such studies is urgent task of biomedicine. Objective. To substantiate the regulatory status and to carry out a biological evaluation of medical devices in the form of vaginal suppositories based on octenidine dihydrochloride ("Prodexyn") and in the form of rectal suppositories based on Saw palmetto, Levisticum officinale and Calendula officinalis extracts ("Pravenor"). Methods. Biological evaluation was conducted according to the requirements of ISO 10993 standards using in vitro and in vivo biological test systems (cytotoxicity in cell culture and the MTT test, sensitizing and irritating effect in guinea pigs). Results. The cytotoxicity (СС50) of the medical device "Prodexyn" extract in Vero cell culture was 8.35 μg/ml calculated as octenidine dihydrochloride and 416.65 μg/ml calculated as dexpanthenol. "Pravenor" medical device was found to be non-toxic in Vero cell culture. According to the results of MMT assay CC50 for octenidine dihydrochloride was 1.67 μg/ml, and 83.33 μg/ml – for dexpanthenol. CC50 indicators calculated for the different active ingredients of the medical device "Pravenor" were the following: 50 mg/ml for the dwarf palm berries extract (Saw palmetto), 16.67 mg/ml for the lovage roots extract (Levisticum officinale), and 16.67 mg/ml for the calendula flowers extract (Calendula officinalis). No sensitizing or skin irritating effects were observed in guinea pigs. Conclusions. Biological evaluation of medical devices in the form of rectal suppositories "Pravenor" and vaginal suppositories "Prodexyn" performed using in vitro and in vivo biological systems. It was demonstrated an acceptable level of safety of the products. The MTT test was 5 times more sensitive than the Vero cell culture method in determination of cytotoxicity.

Antibacterial activity of Calendula officinalis and Echinacea purpurea extracts against the causal agent of tomatoes’ bacterial canker: Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis

We aimed to investigate the effects of Calendula officinalis and Echinacea purpurea extracts in terms of growth parameters, antibacterial activity and phenolic profile in tomato infected by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (CmmT7). A significant difference was observed in E. purpura extract, indicating the highest effects on plant height (27.25 cm), fresh plant weight (28.45 cm), root length (24.42 cm), and root weight (6.74 g) (p<0.05). Moreover, Calendula officinalis and Echinacea purpurea extracts showed significant inhibitory activity against CmmT7 (p<0.05). Among phenolic compounds, the only chlorogenic acid amounts were varied in the tomato seedlings leaves with C. officinalis extract (K3) + CmmT7, E. purpurea extract (E3) + CmmT7 and CmmT7 (p<0.01). Moreover, chlorogenic acid amount was approximately 9 times higher than in CmmT7-treated leaves when compared to control. The results showed that application of the extracts of these plants had a significant influence on bacterial canker and growth parameters.

Calendula officinalis-based green synthesis of titanium nanoparticle: Fabrication, characterization, and evaluation of human colorectal carcinoma

Calendula officinalis is a flowering plant with various applications in traditional medicine. The herbal products of the plant are also used in pharmaceuticals or food. In this study. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized using Calendula officinalis extract in an aqueous medium. The plant extract plays a role as the stabilizing and reducing agent. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis. and FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and Energy EDS techniques. In the cellular and molecular part of the recent study, the treated cells with TiNPs@C. officinalis were assessed by MTT assay for 48 h about the cytotoxicity and anti-human colorectal carcinoma properties on normal (HUVEC) and colorectal carcinoma cell lines i.e. WiDr, SW1417 [SW-1417], DLD-1, and LS123. According to the XRD analysis, 15.68 nm was measured for TiNPs crystal size. SEM images exhibited a uniform spherical morphology in range size of 15.72—40.74 for the biosynthesized nanoparticles respectively. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of TiNPs@C. officinalis and BHT against DPPH free radicals were 212 and 173 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of TiNPs@C. officinalis were 181, 250, 271, and 215 µg/mL against WiDr, SW1417 [SW-1417], DLD-1, and LS123 cell lines, respectively. The viability of malignant colorectal cell line reduced dose-dependently in the presence of TiNPs@C. officinalis.

Green Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Calendula Officinalis And Its Anti-Bacterial Studies

Green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles was carried out using Calendula officinalis (marigold flower) extract without use of any organic solvent and heat. The biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and XRD. The surface morphology and size of the prepared nanoparticles were confirmed by TEM. The anti-bacterial properties of the prepared NPs were tested against E. coli bacteria by growth inhibitory zone plate well method.