Calcium Nutritional Status Research Articles

Comparison of Calcium Intake Status by Region and Socioeconomic Status in Korea: The 2011-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

BackgroundCalcium is an essential element nutrient in our body, and insufficient calcium intake is very common in Korean. Socioeconomic status (SES) is known to be associated with quality of diet and health. The purpose of this study was to compare between calcium intake by region and SES.MethodsThis study used data from a nationally represented sample of Koreans (n=19,249) from 2011 to 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We were divided into six regions: Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, Chungcheong-do, Jeolla-do, Gyeongsang-do, and Jeju-do. Daily calcium intake and dietary quality based on 24 hr recall data was calculated and analyzed by the sex, age, SES.ResultsThe regions with the highest calcium intakes in both males and females were Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The age groups with a significant difference in calcium intake, nutrient adequacy ratio, and nutrient density by region were 14 to 19, 20 to 29, and ≥65 years. Calcium intake and dietary quality were lowest in the low household income group. In terms of being a recipient of the dietary life supply, the calcium intake and dietary quality of the recipient group was low.ConclusionsWe found that daily calcium intake was very different by region and was significantly lower in region with lower SES. The findings of this study suggest social inequalities in calcium intake by region can be addressed in the development and implementation of tailored nutritional interventions to promote calcium nutritional status of Koreans.

Calcium nutritional status affects the interrelationships between α and β CTX bone markers in children in pre puberty ages

The bone marker α‐CTX is significantly affected by calcium nutritional status (CNS) during the phase of growth in children in the pre puberty ages whereas β‐CTX seems not to be related to that variable. This situation appears as a promissory secondary index to assess bone maturation through the ratio between both (α/β) at ranges of CNS as nutritional reference. Here, changes in bone maturity were related to three CNS in 180 both sex children 6 to 9 years old with paired data for the three determinations performed in basal urine samples: both CTX (NB‐Denmark) and the ratio between Ca to creatinine (Ca/Cr). Reference values for CNS were: Ca/Cr: <0,07, deficient (D); 0,07–0,15, adequate (A) y > 0,15, high (H). ANOVA test with GraphPad was used. When plotted versus age according CNSα/β ratio data adjusted to a binomial equation for D (y=−0,055x2 0,0798x+1,5666; R2=0,9936) and H (y=−0,0657x2 +0,2707x +1,2768 R2 = 0,8339) curves whereas for the A group the best fitting is the lineal one: (y= 0,1952x + 1,8416; R2=0,9174 being significantly different from D and H. Calcium nutritional status can modulate interrelationships between bone markers associated to maturity progress. Supported by UBACyT B/060.2.HD. Doctoral Fellowship from UBCyT

Oral health related to calcium nutritional status and lifestyle in a group of nutrition college students

Oral health related to calcium nutritional status and lifestyle in a group of nutrition college students

Calcium nutritional status and its relation to oral health, exercise, and lifestyle in a group of students ranging 18 to 34 years old

Calcium nutritional status and its relation to oral health, exercise, and lifestyle in a group of students ranging 18 to 34 years old

Bone mineral density is affected by calcium nutritional status when assessed by ultrasound in school girls

Grow process is a state of high bone turnover and an inadequate calcium nutritional status can lead to suboptimal peak bone mass and predispose to osteoporosis in adulthood. Previously, we have found that the a‐CTX marker of bone growth was highly affected by body Ca status. A similar study was carried out in relation to bone densitometry. For that, urine basal samples were obtained from 120 healthy girls, aged 5.8 to 9.2 years, attending public schools of Vicente Lopez (Bs. As) and over them Ca (AAS) and creatinine (Cr) (Wiener Lab®. Argentina) were determined to calculate Ca/ Cr ratio as marker of Ca status. Bone densitometry was assessed by ultrasound (Sahara Olohi. USA) and expressed as Quantitative Ultrasonic Index (QUI). The relation: QUI vs Ca/Cr divided in five ranges between < 0,10 and >0,15, fits a quadratic function so that QUI=92,828e0,3426x; R2=0,78; p<0,01. Results show a quite good no linear correlation presenting a flat area between Ca/Cr <0,07‐0.01 and then ahead a significant positive slope. As in the case of the evolution of the CTX bone marker previously studied, a Ca/Cc >0,01 was mandatory during bone growth to allow the age dependent increase in bone mineralization. Supported by UBCyT US.B/735. HD PhD Thesis. Fellow from UBA

Dieta rica em proteína na redução do peso corporal

A proporção ideal dos macronutrientes em dietas de emagrecimento é atualmente bastante discutida. Existem evidências de que dietas com maior proporção de proteína aumentam a perda de peso e de gordura corporal e diminuem a perda de massa corporal magra durante o emagrecimento. Todavia, os mecanismos responsáveis por estes efeitos não estão totalmente esclarecidos. Além disso, existem poucas conclusões a respeito dos possíveis efeitos colaterais dessas dietas na função renal e no estado nutricional relativo ao cálcio. Assim, este artigo objetiva trazer informações atuais sobre os efeitos de dietas ricas em proteína na perda de peso e na composição corporal e dos mecanismos envolvidos, bem como seus efeitos na função renal e no estado nutricional relativo ao cálcio.

Calcium in the Diet: Food Sources, Recommended Intakes, and Nutritional Bioavailability

Calcium nutritional status among some groups in the United States is suboptimal when judged by calcium intakes and the high prevalence of osteoporosis. Unfortunately, however, it is not clear that increases in calcium intake will have a significant impact on osteoporosis or other chronic diseases that have been linked to calcium nutriture. There is still considerable controversy surrounding the issue of calcium RDAs. The body's ability to adapt to varying levels of calcium intakes, the lack of sensitive indicators of calcium status, and the complexity and slow progression of chronic diseases such as osteoporosis make it very difficult to establish the role of diet in this regard. Great progress has been made in the study of calcium absorption. Much is known about the mechanisms involved in calcium absorption and its regulation. Thus, a rapidly advancing field and further developments will be invaluable to our understanding of the role of diet in calcium nutrition. Calcium bioavailability is affected by diet composition and the chemical form of calcium in foods. The calcium in dairy products is readily absorbed in the intestine. Lactose enhances calcium absorption efficiency under some conditions. Components of plants such as fiber, phytate, and oxalic acid may depress calcium absorption. High intakes of protein increase urinary losses of calcium but this effect may be partially offset by the phosphate association with most high-protein foods. Calcium absorption from salts used in supplement tablets is generally good. Absorption from salts such as calcium carbonate which require acid for dissolution may be poor in persons with achlorhydria unless the tablets are consumed with a meal. The practical significance of factors that may alter calcium bioavailability in normal mixed diets is difficult to assess. It may be a significant factor when calcium intakes are marginal or when absorption by the active transport, vitamin D-dependent process is impaired or not fully developed, i.e., it may be significant when vitamin D status is poor, in the elderly, and in young infants.

Calcium bioavailability and absorption: a review

The current United States Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for calcium are presented in Table 1 (1). The RDA for the adult has been set at 800 mg/day for many years. However, considerable debate persists about the optimal dietary calcium intake for man. The FAO/WHO Committee on Calcium Requirements suggested that 400 to 500 mg/day was a more practical estimate of adult calcium requirements (2). Others have claimed that the 800 mg/day recommendation is too low to maintain maximum calcium retention (3), expecially in the elderly (4). There are several reasons why this state of uncertainty exists. Lower recommendations are based on the observation that the efficiency of calcium absorption increases when intakes are low. It is often stated that the habitual intake of many people in the world is considerably less than 800/mg day without apparent adverse consequences (5). One difficulty in interpreting this observation is that the only methods available for measuring calcium nutritional status depend on detecting long-term changes in bone calcium, and a considerable amount of demineralization must occur before loss of bone calcium can be detected. More recent studies suggest that calcium intakes on the order of the FAO/ WHO recommendation may be inadequate to maintain positive balance and optimal bone mineralization (6, 7). Additional factors that make determination of the optimal RDA difficult are the marked effects that various food constituents and the nutritional and metabolic state of the host have on calcium absorption. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current information on how dietary factors affect the bioavailability of calcium. However, this cannot be achieved without also considering host-related factors, such as calcium and vitamin D status, age. pregnancy, lactation, and disease, which affect the absorption of calcium once it is available in the intestinal lumen in a theoretically absorbable form. The RDAs for the adult are estimated from metabolic experiments, in which balance was achieved when the amount of dietary calcium was equal to calcium losses in feces, urine, and sweat. Fecal loss is composed of unabsorbed dietary calcium, plus an endogenous fecal calcium excretion of approximately 100 to 130 mg/day (4, 8). Urinary losses are 150 mg/day (4) and loss in sweat is 15 mg/day (1). Thus, obligatory endogenous losses total 250 to 280 mg/day. The losses in urine, endogenous intestinal secretions, and sweat are relatively unaffected by the level of dietary calcium (4, 9) so that in the absence of other factors which increase endogenous loss (some of which will be described herein), total body calcium content is largely regulated by the amount of calcium absorbed. To cover an obligatory loss of 250 mg/day, the 800 mg/day RDA for adults assumes an average absorption of 30%. In pregnancy, 30 g calcium is deposited in the fetus at the rate of 120 mg/day during the 20th and 30th wk, and 260 mg/day from the 30th wk until term ( 10). If the fetal calcium is obtained from the 1200 mg in the maternal diet, 30% must be absorbed between wk 20 and 30, assuming that 250 mg are needed to cover maternal endogenous losses, and that 120 mg are transferred to the fetus. Similarly, absorption must be 40% (5 10 mg) between the 30th wk and term. The calcium content