Calcium Intake In Adolescents Research Articles

Calcium Intake in Children with Eczema and/or Food Allergy: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Eczema and food allergy may impact diet. Using data from a cohort of Manitoba children born in 1995, we examined calcium intake, defined as the frequency and quality of calcium products consumed (with the exception of cheese), amongst Manitoba adolescents (12–14 years) with eczema or food allergy in childhood (7–8 years) or adolescence. At both ages, children were assessed by a physician for eczema and food allergy. Adolescents completed food frequency questionnaires. Calcium intake was defined as 1+ vs. <1 weekly. Linear and logistic regression was used as appropriate, with adjustments for confounders. Overall, 468 adolescents were included, of whom 62 (13.3%) had eczema only in childhood, 25 (5.3%) had food allergy only, and 26 (5.6%) had eczema and food allergy. Compared to children without eczema, those with eczema only had poorer calcium intake in adolescence (β −0.44; 95%CI −0.96; 0.00). Girls, but not boys, with eczema in childhood had poorer calcium intake in adolescence than girls without eczema (β −0.84; 95%CI −1.60; −0.08). These patterns persisted even if children experienced transient vs. persistent eczema to adolescence. Similar but non-significant trends were found for food allergy. Childhood eczema is associated with significantly lower calcium intake and consumption in adolescence. These differences persist to adolescence, even if a child “outgrows” their allergic condition.

Dairy products and total calcium intake at 13 years of age and its association with obesity at 21 years of age.

Dairy products and specifically calcium have been suggested to play a role in obesity development but more longitudinal evidence is still needed. The objective of this study was to assess the association between dairy products and total calcium intake at age 13 and body mass index at age 21. This longitudinal study included 2159 individuals from the Epidemiological Health Investigation of Teenagers cohort (EPITeen), Porto, Portugal, evaluated at ages 13 and 21. Assessment consisted of anthropometrics measurements and structured questionnaires namely a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to appraise food consumption in the past 12 months. Linear regression models were run in 941 individuals with complete information of confounders: gender, follow-up period, parents' education, physical activity, energy, and total calcium intake. Negative association was found on total calcium intake at age 13 with BMI at age 21 (model 0: β = -0.059 (95% CI: -0.113, -0.004) and model 1: -0.057 (95% CI: -0.113, -0.002)), however, no statistically significant association was found when adjusting for energy intake (model 2: β = -0.031 (95% CI: -0.110, 0.047). There were no associations between milk, yogurt, and cheese consumption at age 13 and BMI at age 21 when adjusting for confounders. This study did not support an independent effect of dairy products or total calcium intake in adolescence on later early adulthood adiposity.

Calcium intake by adolescents: a population‐based health survey

ObjectiveTo analyze calcium intake in adolescents according to sociodemographic variables, health‐related behaviors, morbidities, and body mass index. MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional population‐based study, with a two‐stage cluster sampling that used data from a survey conducted in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, between 2008 and 2009. Food intake was assessed using a 24‐hour dietary recall. The study included 913 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. ResultsAverage nutrient intake was significantly lower in the segment with lower education of the head of the family and lower per capita family income, in individuals from other cities or states, those who consumed fruit less than four times a week, those who did not drink milk daily, those who were smokers, and those who reported the occurrence of headaches and dizziness. Higher mean calcium intake was found in individuals that slept less than seven hours a day. The prevalence of calcium intake below the recommendation was 88.6% (95% CI: 85.4 to 91.2). ConclusionThe results alert to an insufficient calcium intake and suggest that certain subgroups of adolescents need specific strategies to increase the intake of this nutrient.

Calcium intake by adolescents: a population-based health survey

ObjectiveTo analyze calcium intake in adolescents according to sociodemographic variables, health-related behaviors, morbidities, and body mass index. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional population-based study, with a two-stage cluster sampling that used data from a survey conducted in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, between 2008 and 2009. Food intake was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. The study included 913 adolescents aged 10–19 years. ResultsAverage nutrient intake was significantly lower in the segment with lower education of the head of the family and lower per capita family income, in individuals from other cities or states, those who consumed fruit less than four times a week, those who did not drink milk daily, those who were smokers, and those who reported the occurrence of headaches and dizziness. Higher mean calcium intake was found in individuals that slept less than seven hours a day. The prevalence of calcium intake below the recommendation was 88.6% (95% CI: 85.4–91.2). ConclusionThe results alert to an insufficient calcium intake and suggest that certain subgroups of adolescents need specific strategies to increase the intake of this nutrient.

A common variant near BDNF is associated with dietary calcium intake in adolescents

Specific targets for most obesity candidate genes discovered by genomewide association studies remain unknown. Such genes are often highly expressed in the hypothalamus, indicating their role in energy homeostasis. We aimed to evaluate the associations of selected gene variants with adiposity and dietary traits. Anthropometric parameters, fat mass, dietary intake (total energy, fat, protein, carbohydrate, fiber, and calcium) and 10 gene variants (in/near TMEM18, SH2B1, KCTD15, PCSK1, BDNF, SEC16B, MC4R and FTO) were analyzed in 1953 Czech individuals aged 10.0 to 18.0 years (1035 nonoverweight and 918 overweight: body mass index [BMI] ≥90th percentile). Obesity risk alleles of TMEM18 rs7561317, SEC16B rs10913469, and FTO rs9939609 were related to increased body weight and BMI (P < .005). The FTO variant also showed a significant positive association with waist circumference and fat mass (P < .001). Overweight adolescents had a lower total energy intake (P < .001) but a higher percentage of fat (P = .009) and protein intake (P < .001) than the nonoverweight subjects. There was also a lower calcium intake in the overweight group (P < .001). An association with at least one component of dietary intake was found in 3 of 10 studied gene variants. The MC4R rs17782313 was associated negatively with protein (P = .012) and positively associated with fiber (P = .032) intakes. The obesity risk alleles of BDNF rs925946 and FTO rs9939609 were related to a lower calcium intake (P = .001 and .037). The effects of FTO and MC4R variants, however, disappeared after corrections for multiple testing. Our results suggest that the common BDNF variant may influence dietary calcium intake independent of BMI.

Obesity Augments Calcium-Induced Increases in Skeletal Calcium Retention in Adolescents

Overweight adolescents have low bone mineral content for weight and are at increased risk for fractures. The aim was to determine whether overweight and obesity influence the positive relationship between dietary calcium intake and skeletal calcium retention in adolescents. Analysis of pooled data from calcium balance studies in adolescents. Participants each underwent a 3-wk calcium balance study in a controlled environment. Participants included 280 White, Black, and Asian boys (n = 73) and girls (n = 207) ages 10-16 yr. The relationship among body mass index (BMI), calcium intake, and calcium retention was modeled using linear regression. Calcium intake, BMI, sex, race, and age explained 27.9% of the variation in calcium retention. At low calcium intakes, there was no effect of BMI on skeletal calcium retention, but at higher calcium intakes, BMI increased skeletal calcium retention. Greater gains in calcium retention occur with increases in calcium intake in adolescents with higher BMI compared with those with lower BMI. Additional studies are needed to investigate whether increasing calcium intake reduces the increased risk of fracture associated with overweight and obesity in adolescents.

Calcium intake in adolescents: an issue revisited.

Calcium intake in adolescents: an issue revisited.

Comparison of Calcium Intake and Perceptions of Taste Enjoyment Among Adolescents in a Midwestern Urban School District

LEARNING OUTCOME: To state whether taste enjoyment for food items containing calcium predicts calcium intake in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine whether adolescents who enjoy the taste of foods containing calcium have higher calcium intakes. Volunteer participants at Appleton Area Public School District, Appleton MN, were recruited from the middle schools and high schools. There were 677 participants who ranged in age from 11 to 19 years. The subjects completed a food frequency questionnaire previously validated to measure calcium intake (JADA 89:1484-88). Taste enjoyment scores for 56 foods were also calculated. A correlation test does not indicate a strong linear relationship between average taste enjoyment and average calcium intake for adolescents. However, the results of the t-tests indicate significant differences exist between gender for calcium consumption as well as perceptions of taste enjoyment for many calcium containing foods. Males consume more calcium from the following foods on a daily basis: cheese sauce, fast food milkshake, egg McMuffin, fast food hamburger, fast food cheeseburger, and custard pie. Whereas females consume more calcium from skim milk, flavored yogurt, broccoli, tofu, and frozen yogurt. Compared to females, males prefer the taste of whole milk, low-fat milk, cheese sauce, American cheese, blue cheese, fast food milkshake, eggnog, chocolate milk, figs, pancakes, egg McMuffin, fast food hamburger, fast food cheeseburger, bean burrito, creamed fish, shellfish, canned salmon, sardines, custard, and pudding. Whereas females prefer the taste of skim milk, flavored yogurt, broccoli, grain bread, muffins, and frozen yogurt. Although significant differences exist between gender for both calcium intake and perception of taste enjoyment, perception of taste enjoyment by adolescents as a group does not predict their behavior to consume the items identified in this survey. These results suggest that other variables besides perception of taste enjoyment influence calcium consumption behavior in adolescents.

Predictors of osteopenia in premenopausal women with anorexia nervosa.

The study retrospectively evaluated risk factors for osteopenia in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients. Sixty-nine outpatient, female anorexia nervosa patients (age range 20-40 years, mean 27.5) at varying stages of recovery, and 31 controls had lumbar spine trabecular bone density assessed with single energy computed tomography (CT) scans. An investigator-based, semistructured interview assessed weight and menstrual histories from age 10. Current exercise and dietary calcium levels were categorized and lifetime durations in categories were estimated for each subject. Bone density was significantly lower in the patient group (mean 120 mg/cm3) than in the controls (mean 148 mg/cm3, P less than 0.001). Bone density correlated significantly with duration of illness, amenorrhea, and weight histories but not with measures of dietary calcium or exercise histories. The most important predictor of bone loss on stepwise multiple regression analysis was duration of AN (23% of variance, P less than 0.001), and duration of an inadequate calcium intake in adolescence explained a further 5% of the variance (P = 0.052). There was no evidence that regular exercise and adequate dietary calcium prevented bone loss related to prolonged periods of low weight and amenorrhea in these subjects.

Calcium Intake of Adolescents and Young Adults

The contribution of milk and its products to the dietary intake of calcium is calculated for men and women college students, Figures are also analyzed and compared with measures of bone density to determine whether correlations are close enough to use this measure as a criterion of long-time, self-chosen intakes of dietary calcium.