Use Of Calcium Channel Blockers Research Articles

Hand-foot syndrome in cancer patients on capecitabine: examining prevalence, impacts, and associated risk factors at a cancer centre in Malaysia

IntroductionHand-foot syndrome (HFS) significantly impacts quality of life in cancer patients undergoing capecitabine treatment. This study assessed capecitabine-associated HFS prevalence, its impacts on chemotherapy treatment, and identified risk factors in multiracial Malaysian patients.MethodsWe included adult cancer patients receiving capecitabine at Sarawak General Hospital for at least two cycles from April 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. HFS rates, time to HFS, and proportions of HFS-related treatment modifications were determined. Characteristics between patients with and without HFS were compared and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for all-grade HFS and grade ≥2.ResultsAmong 369 patients, 185 (50.1%) developed HFS, with 14.6% experiencing grade ≥2 and 21.6% (40/185) underwent treatment modifications. Risk factors for all-grade HFS include older age (OR 1.03 95%CI 1.01, 1.06), prior chemotherapy (OR 2.09 95%CI 1.22, 3.58), higher capecitabine dose (OR 2.96 95%CI 1.62, 5.38), prolonged treatment (OR 1.36 95%CI 1.21, 1.51), folic acid intake (OR 3.27 95%CI 1.45, 7.35) and lower neutrophil count (OR 0.77 95%CI 0.66, 0.89). For HFS grade ≥2, older age (OR 1.04 95%CI 1.01, 1.08), female sex (OR 2.10 95%CI 1.05, 4.18), Chinese race (OR 2.10 95%CI 1.06, 4.18), and higher capecitabine dose (OR 2.62 95%CI 1.28, 5.35) are significant risk factors. Use of calcium channel blockers were associated with reduced risks of all-grade HFS (OR 0.27, 95%CI 0.12, 0.60) and grade ≥2 (OR 0.21 95%CI 0.06, 0.78).ConclusionThis study provides real-world data on capecitabine-induced HFS in Malaysian patients and identifies risk factors that may offer insights into its understanding and management.

Calcium signaling: Unveiling its role in disease control in plants

<p>Calcium signaling is a fundamental regulatory mechanism in plants, governing a myriad of physiological processes crucial for growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli, including biotic stresses such as pathogen attack. Over the past decades, research into the intricate network of calcium signaling pathways has revealed its pivotal role in orchestrating plant defense mechanisms against a diverse array of pathogens. This review comprehensively examines the multifaceted roles of calcium ions in modulating plant immune responses, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying calcium-mediated signal transduction and its integration with other defense signaling pathways. We delve into the intricate crosstalk between calcium signaling and various hormonal pathways, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, highlighting the interconnectedness of these regulatory networks in shaping plant defense strategies. Furthermore, we explore the potential applications of calcium-based strategies for sustainable disease management in agriculture, including the use of calcium channel blockers, calcium chelators, and calcium-rich compounds as novel antimicrobial agents and priming agents for enhancing plant immunity. Challenges and future directions in the field are also discussed, aiming to advance our understanding of calcium signaling in plant-pathogen interactions and harness its potential for developing innovative approaches to combat plant diseases and ensure global food security. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding calcium signaling in plant disease control, offering valuable insights and perspectives for future research endeavors in this rapidly evolving field.<strong></strong></p>

Characteristics associated with responsiveness to isometric handgrip training in medicated hypertensive patients: secondary data analysis.

Isometric handgrip training (IHT) has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients. However, factors that predict responsiveness to IHT are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the patient characteristics associated with the antihypertensive response to IHT using a recommended statistical approach for evaluating interindividual responses. Data from four randomized controlled trials were joined, totaling 81 patients undergoing IHT (48.8% women; 60 ± 11 years) and 90 control patients (45.6% women; 62 ± 12 years). IHT consisted of 4 × 2 min isometric contractions at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, performed three times/week for 8-12 weeks. BP was measured at baseline and following IHT and control interventions. The interindividual variation was assessed by the standard deviation of the individual responses (SDir), and linear regression analyses were conducted to explore response predictors. IHT significantly decreased both SBP (-5.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) -9.5 to -1.3 mmHg) and DBP (-2.8; 95% CI -5.1 to -0.6 mmHg). The interindividual variation of BP change was moderate for systolic (SDir = 5.2 mmHg, 0.30 standardized units) and low for diastolic (SDir = 1.7 mmHg, 0.15 standardized units). Sex, age, and BMI were not associated with the antihypertensive effect of IHT. However, a higher baseline SBP (b = -0.467, P < 0.001) and absence of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers use (b = 0.340, P = 0.001) were associated with greater BP reductions. IHT reduced BP in medicated hypertensive patients regardless of age, sex, and BMI. Patients with a higher baseline SBP and those not prescribed dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers were more responsive to IHT.

First use of intraventricular nicardipine in a pediatric patient with vasospasm secondary to meningitis: illustrative case.

Cerebral vasospasm is commonly associated with adult aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage but can develop in children. The standard vasospasm treatment includes induced hypertension, avoidance of hypovolemia, systemic use of the calcium channel blocker (CCB) nimodipine, and cerebral angiography for intraarterial therapy. Emerging treatments in adults, such as intraventricular CCB administration, have not been investigated in children. This study demonstrates the successful use of an intraventricular CCB in a pediatric patient with refractory vasospasm secondary to meningitis. A 12-year-old female presented with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis and ventriculitis with refractory symptomatic cerebral vasospasm. She received a 5-day course of intrathecal nicardipine through an existing external ventricular drain. Her clinical status, transcranial Doppler studies, and radiography improved. Treatment was well tolerated. Pediatric vasospasm is uncommon and potentially devastating. The management of vasospasm in adults occurs frequently. Principles of this management are adapted to pediatric care given the rarity of vasospasm in children. The use of intraventricular nicardipine has been reported in the care of adults with level 3 evidence. It has not been adequately reported in children with refractory vasospasm. Here, the first use of intraventricular nicardipine in treating pediatric cerebral vasospasm in the setting of meningitis is described and highlighted.

Abstract 3440: Etiology of prostate cancer with the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion: A systematic review of risk factors

Abstract Background: The TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion is the most common somatic alteration in primary prostate cancer and an early event in carcinogenesis. There are emerging data highlighting etiologic differences in prostate cancer by TMPRSS2:ERG status. This systematic review synthesized evidence from epidemiologic studies on prostate cancer risk factors for tumors with and without the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science without language restriction for studies published by September 27, 2022. Studies that assessed associations between epidemiologic and genetic factors and prostate cancer risk by tumor TMPRSS2:ERG (ERG) fusion status in human populations were included. Results: Of 3,071 records identified, 20 publications comprising prospective cohort and case-control studies from five study populations (published 2009-2022) were included. Risk factors included germline genetic variants, circulating hormones, diet, lifestyle factors, and medications. The included studies suggested that taller height and higher total and free circulating testosterone levels tended to be associated with higher risk of ERG-positive, but not ERG-negative prostate cancer. CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor (AR) gene, related inversely to transcriptional activity, appeared to be associated with a lower risk of ERG-positive, but not ERG-negative prostate cancer. There was statistical evidence for etiologic differences for several germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by ERG status. Excess body weight, greater vigorous physical activity, greater lycopene intake, and calcium channel blocker use appeared to specifically be associated with a lower risk of ERG-positive tumors. Associations of other potential etiologic factors, including diabetes mellitus, baldness, aspirin use, circulating antioxidant levels, and sex hormones other than testosterone, with ERG-positive prostate cancer were null or inconclusive. Most associations had low precision, and the results were based on few distinct study populations, highlighting a need for replication. Conclusions: Prostate cancer with the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion may be an etiologically distinct subtype impacted by certain modifiable and hormonally-acting risk factors that align with the established mechanistic role of this gene fusion in androgen, insulin, and growth factor pathways. The findings suggest a potentially distinct genetic predisposition to prostate cancer with or without the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion. More broadly, these findings suggest that considering molecular subtypes of prostate cancer, beyond TMPRSS2:ERG, may strengthen etiologic understanding of prostate cancer and evidence for prevention. Citation Format: Colleen B. McGrath, Alaina H. Shreves, Megan R. Shanahan, Hannah E. Guard, Manelisi V. Nhliziyo, Kathryn L. Penney, Tamara L. Lotan, Michelangelo Fiorentino, Konrad H. Stopsack, Lorelei A. Mucci. Etiology of prostate cancer with the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion: A systematic review of risk factors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3440.

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict the risk of constipation after lumbar interbody fusion surgery.

To understand the incidence of postoperative constipation and the risk factors of constipation in patients with lumbar interbody fusion, we constructed and verified the constipation risk prediction model, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of postoperative constipation. The data of patients undergoing lumbar interbody fusion in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed from December 2021 to December 2022. According to postoperative constipation, the patients were divided into constipation group and non-constipation group. Univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine independent risk factors for postoperative constipation. Based on independent risk factors, a nomogram was developed to predict the risk of constipation after lumbar interbody fusion. The prediction performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA). Finally, bootstrapping method for internal validation was further evaluated the nomogram. A total of 282 patients participated in the study. 176 patients (62.41%) after lumbar interbody occurred constipation, and 106 patients were asymptomatic. Multivariate regression analysis showed independent risk factors, including the use of calcium channel blockers, polypharmacy, postoperative bed time, and constipation history. Multivariate regression analysis was used to establish the model. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.827 (95% CI 0.779-0.875), and the C-index of interval bootstrapping validation was 0.813 (95% CI 0.765-0.861), and the area under the AUC was 0.800. The nomogram showed good discrimination ability. The use of calcium channel blockers, polypharmacy, postoperative bed time, and history of constipation are independent risk factors for postoperative constipation in patients undergoing lumbar interbody fusion. The constructed risk prediction model has good discriminative ability.

Nailfold capillary abnormalities are associated with increased severity of Raynaud's phenomenon among patients with systemic sclerosis: a pilot study.

We conducted a retrospective review of systemic sclerosis patients, finding that nailfold capillary abnormalities are significantly associated with more aggressive treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon, specifically the use of calcium channel blockers and other vasodilators compared to topical therapy or no treatment. This relationship indicates that routine nailfold capillary examination may assist in Raynaud's phenomenon risk stratification. It also highlights the need for further research on whether nailfold capillaries may be a non-invasive marker of more severe vascular complications within systemic sclerosis.

Can prolonged P-R interval predict clinical outcomes in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome patients?

BackgroundThe present study aimed to respond to clinical question, can prolonged P-R interval predict clinical outcomes in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome patients?MethodsThis descriptive-analytical study was conducted on cardiac patients. All of the non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) including non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina patients included in the study. Then they divided into two groups: prolonged P-R interval and normal P-R interval. The patients who had a history of digoxin and calcium channel blocker use, using antiarrhythmic drugs, known valvular or congenital heart disease and connective tissue, unreadable P-R interval and cardiac block were excluded. Data were collected using the questionnaire consisted demographic data and clinical outcomes and a follow-up part was completed by one of the researchers.ResultsFinally, 248 patients completed the study. The results showed both of the two groups had significant differences in terms of the history of myocardial infarction (MI) (p = 0.018), the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.004), heart rate (p = 0.042), inverted T wave (p = 0.017), anterior ST- segment depression (p = 0.008), normal report of coronary angiography (CAG) (p = 0.003), three vessels disease (p = 0.043), left main lesion (p = 0.045) and SYNTAX score (p = 0.032) based on the CAG report. The results of six-month follow-up showed although, the frequency of ischemic stroke, coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiovascular death were higher in prolonged P-R interval groups. The chi-square test showed this difference was statistically non-significant (p > 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression model revealed non-significant relationships between prolonged P-R interval and SYNTAX score, significant CAD, three-vessel disease, inverted T wave, anterior ST depression, heart rate and HDL.ConclusionsBased on the results of our study the six-month follow-up showed non-significant outcomes. Further studies are recommended to assess the long-term outcomes.

Association between long-term use of calcium channel blockers (CCB) and the risk of breast cancer: a retrospective longitudinal observational study protocol

IntroductionCalcium channel blockers (CCB), a commonly prescribed antihypertensive (AHT) medicine, may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer. The proposed study aims to examine whether long-term CCB use is...

Association of Calcium Channel Blocker Use With Intradialytic Hypotension in Maintenance Hemodialysis

IntroductionCalcium channel blockers (CCBs) are common anti-hypertensive agents among patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). Despite this, the association of CCBs with intra-dialytic hypotension (IDH), an important adverse outcome that is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, remains largely unexplored. MethodsUsing kinetic modeling sessions data from the Hemodialysis Study, random-effects regression models were fit to assess the association of CCB use versus not with IDH (defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP)<90 mmHg if pre-HD SBP<160 mmHg or <100 mmHg if pre-HD SBP≥160 mmHg). Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, randomized Kt/V and flux assignments, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, blood urea nitrogen, ultrafiltration rate, access type, pre-HD SBP, and other anti-hypertensives. ResultsData was available for 1,838 patients and 64,538 sessions. At baseline, 49% of patients were prescribed CCBs. The overall frequency of IDH was 14% with a mean decline from pre-to nadir-SBP of 33±15 mmHg. CCB use was associated with lower adjusted risk of IDH, compared with no use (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.84; 95%CI 0.78, 0.89). The association was most pronounced for those in the pre-HD SBP lowest quartile (IRR 0.77;95%CI 0.70, 0.85), compared with the highest quartile (IRR 0.86; 95%CI 0.77, 0.97; P-interaction<0.001). ConclusionAmong patients receiving HD, CCB use was associated with a lower risk of developing IDH, independent of pre-HD SBP and other anti-hypertensive use. Mechanistic studies are needed to better understand the effects of CCB and other anti-hypertensives on peri-dialytic blood pressure parameters among patients receiving HD.

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors related cough and associated medications

Introduction: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are among the main anti-hypertensive medications. While they are generally well tolerated, dry cough is one of their important side effects, with a frequency of up to 10 percent. Medications that are associated with increased ACEi-related cough frequency are not well described. We wanted to evaluate medications that might have an effect on ACEi-related cough.&#x0D; Methods: This study was designed as a post-hoc analysis of our previously published study. Patients who were on ACEi were identified, and demographics, comorbidities, laboratory data, and medications were retrieved via electronic medical records. Patients who reported cough and whose cough ceased after ACEi withdrawal were defined as having an "ACEi-related cough." Patients were grouped according to their ACEi-related cough presence.&#x0D; Results: One hundred and twenty-one patients were included in the study, of whom 14 experienced ACEi-related coughs. All medications except for low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and calcium channel blockers (CCB) were similar between the groups. Low-dose ASA use was significantly higher among patients who experienced ACEi-related cough (50% vs. 16.8%, p = 0.04). On the other hand, CCB use was associated with lower ACEi-related cough (7.7% vs. 35.5%, p = 0.03). Medications other than ASA and CCB, demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory data were similar across the groups.&#x0D; Discussion: ACEi-related cough risk is higher among patients on low-dose ASA and lower among patients on CCB. Further studies are needed to demonstrate if there is a “safe” acetylsalicylic acid dose that is not associated with ACEi-related cough.

Residual risk of cardiovascular complications in statin-using patients with type 2 diabetes: the Taiwan Diabetes Registry Study

BackgroundThe residual risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in statin-treated patients with diabetes remain unclear. This study was conducted to identify factors associated with these residual risks in patients with no prior vascular event.MethodsData on 683 statin-using patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the Taiwan Diabetes Registry were used in this study. Patients aged < 25 or > 65 years at the time of diabetes diagnosis and those with diabetes durations ≥ 20 years were excluded. The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study risk engine (version 2.01; https://www.dtu.ox.ac.uk/riskengine/) was used to calculate 10-year residual nonfatal and fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke risks. Associations of these risks with physical and biochemical variables, including medication use and comorbidity, were examined.ResultsThe 10-year risks of nonfatal CHD in oral anti-diabetic drug (OAD), insulin and OAD plus insulin groups were 11.8%, 16.0%, and 16.8%, respectively. The 10-year risks of nonfatal stroke in OAD, insulin and OAD plus insulin groups were 3.0%, 3.4%, and 4.3%, respectively. In the multivariate model, chronic kidney disease (CKD), neuropathy, insulin use, calcium-channel blocker (CCB) use, higher body mass indices (BMI), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), fasting glucose, log-triglyceride (TG), and log–alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were associated with an increased CHD risk. The residual risk of stroke was associated with CKD, neuropathy, CCB use, and lower LDL cholesterol levels, higher BMI and diastolic blood pressure.ConclusionThis study indicated that insulin was probably a residual risk factor of CHD but not stroke, and that there was a possible presence of obesity paradox in patients with T2DM on statin therapy. In addition to lowering TG and normalizing fasting glucose levels, lower LDL cholesterol level is better for reduction of risk of CHD on statin therapy. On the other hand, lower LDL cholesterol level could potentially be related to higher risk of stroke among populations receiving statin therapy. These findings suggest potential therapeutic targets for residual cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with T2DM on statin therapy.

Exploratory study on the relationship between urinary sodium/potassium ratio, salt intake, and the antihypertensive effect of esaxerenone: the ENaK Study

Excessive salt intake is one of the causes of hypertension, and reducing salt intake is important for managing the risk of hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular events. Esaxerenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, has the potential to exert an antihypertensive effect in hypertensive patients with excessive salt intake, but evidence is still lacking, especially in clinical settings. We aimed to determine if baseline sodium/potassium ratio and baseline estimated 24-h urinary sodium excretion can predict the antihypertensive effect of esaxerenone in patients with essential hypertension inadequately controlled with an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) or a calcium channel blocker (CCB). This was an exploratory, open-label, interventional study with a 4-week observation period and a 12-week treatment period. Esaxerenone was orally administered once daily in accordance with the Japanese package insert. In total, 126 patients met the eligibility criteria and were enrolled (ARB subcohort, 67; CCB subcohort, 59); all were included in the full analysis set (FAS) and safety analysis. In the FAS, morning home systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) significantly decreased from baseline to end of treatment (primary efficacy endpoint) (−11.9 ± 10.9/ − 6.4 ± 6.8 mmHg, both p < 0.001); a similar trend was observed in both subcohorts. Significant reductions were also shown in bedtime home and office SBP/DBP (all p < 0.001). Each BP change was consistent regardless of the urinary sodium/potassium ratio or estimated 24-h urinary sodium excretion at baseline. The urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) significantly decreased from baseline to Week 12 in the total population and both subcohorts. No new safety concerns were raised. Esaxerenone significantly decreased morning home, bedtime home, and office BP; UACR; and NT-proBNP in this patient population, regardless of concomitant ARB or CCB use. The antihypertensive effect of esaxerenone was independent of the urinary sodium/potassium ratio and estimated 24-h urinary sodium excretion at baseline.

Risk factors for the occurrence of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in the aged and the clinical characteristics of patients complicated with pneumonia

Objective: To investigate the risk factors for the occurrence of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in the aged, and to analyze the characteristics of patients with pneumonia. Methods: Patients who underwent 24-hour laryngopharyngeal pH monitoring from June 2020 to July 2022 and the positive patients of those who underwent 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring from March 2017 to July 2022 at the Second Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital were enrolled retrospectively. Positive results of 24-hour laryngopharyngeal reflux monitoring were in the laryngopharyngeal reflux group, and the negative results were in the non-laryngopharyngeal reflux group. Patients with pneumonia and simple gastroesophageal reflux disease were in the esophageal reflux pneumonia group, and patients with pneumonia and simple laryngopharyngeal reflux disease were in the laryngopharyngeal reflux pneumonia group. Patients' basic data, co-morbidities, drug use and relevant examination and test results were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in the aged and its relationship with pneumonia. Results: A total of 80 patients with 24-hour laryngopharyngeal pH monitoring were enrolled finally, including 34 cases, all male, aged (73±12) years, in the laryngopharyngeal reflux group, and 46 cases [44 males, 2 females, aged (78±11) years] in the non-laryngopharyngeal reflux group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in the aged included age ≤70 years (OR=13.07, 95%CI: 2.53-67.68), body mass index (BMI) (OR=1.37, each additional 1 kg/m2, 95%CI: 1.03-1.83), use of antipsychotic drugs (OR=8.00, 95%CI: 1.40-45.73) and calcium channel blockers (OR=5.27, 95%CI: 1.13-24.53) (all P<0.05). The protective factors of the laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in the aged included antacids (OR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.04-0.90, P=0.035). The incidence of pneumonia was higher in the laryngopharyngeal reflux group compared with the non-laryngopharyngeal reflux group [44.1% (15/34) vs 21.7% (10/46), P=0.033]. The esophageal reflux pneumonia group included 32 cases [31 males and 1 females, aged (84±12) years]. The laryngopharyngeal reflux pneumonia group included 15 cases [ 15 males, aged (79±11) years]. Compared to the patients in the laryngopharyngeal reflux pneumonia group, the patients in the esophageal reflux pneumonia group had a longer course of antibiotics [(27.7±27.0) vs (14.6±13.9) days, P=0.034], a higher frequency of seizure frequency [(4.3±3.0) vs (1.8±1.5) times/year, P<0.001] and a higher maximal body temperature [(38.2±0.9) vs (37.6±1.1) ℃, P=0.037]. Conclusions: The risk factors of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in the aged included age ≤70 years, higher BMI, use of antipsychotic drugs and calcium channel blockers. The incidence of pneumonia in laryngopharyngeal reflux disease is higher, but the condition of pneumonia is milder.

Calcium channel blockers and Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The calcium channel has been considered to have great potential as a drug target for neuroprotective therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD), but previous studies yielded inconsistent results. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the relationship between using calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and the risk and progression of PD. The terms such as 'Parkinson's disease', 'PD', 'calcium channel blockers', and 'CCB' were used to search the literature published before 1 May 2023 in English databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, for studies on CCB and PD. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software. A total of 190 works of literature were preliminarily retrieved, and 177 works of literature were excluded by eliminating duplicates, reading abstracts, and reading full texts. A total of nine studies were finally included in the meta-analysis of the CCB and the risk of PD, and five studies were included in the systematic review of the CCB and the progression of PD. A total of 2,961,695 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The random-effects model was used for analysis due to significant heterogeneity. The main results of the meta-analysis showed that the use of CCB could reduce the risk of PD (relative risk 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.62-0.99). CCB use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of PD. Whether CCB use has a disease-modifying effect on PD needs further study. PROSPERO: CRD42024508242.

Combined use of beta-blockers and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers: possible or contraindicated?

One of the most effective medications used for various cardiac diseases and syndromes to improve symptoms and, in some cases, prognosis, are betablockers (BBs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs). The combination of BBs and dihydropyridine CCBs has a synergistic clinical effect and is well tolerated. The clinical effects of a combination of beta blockers and non-dihydropyridine CCBs (verapamil, diltiazem) are also synergistic. However, this combination increases the incidence of side effects and complications of drug therapy.The article discusses the controversial issues of such a combination and substantiates the main conclusion that the discussed combination is not applicable in routine practice. This position should be clearly reflected in all Russian cardiology guidelines. However, the article discusses the possible combined use of BBs with nondihydropyridine CCBs in isolated cases, excluding contraindications, taking into account almost daily monitoring of tolerability, individual characteristics of the patient and by decision of a medical team.

Risk of Fractures With Concomitant Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors.

Despite their frequent concurrent use, little is known about the concomitant use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on fracture risk. We compared risk of fractures in patients concomitantly treated with CCBs and SSRIs versus CCB-only users. We compared risk of fractures among concomitant CCB-SSRI users initiating cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)-inhibiting SSRIs versus non-CYP3A4 inhibiting SSRIs. This retrospective cohort study used IBM MarketScan commercial claims and Medicare Supplemental database (2007-2019). We included adults diagnosed with hypertension and depression, newly initiating SSRIs while being treated with CCBs (ie, concomitant CCB-SSRI users) and those who did not (ie, CCB-only users). Primary outcome was the first occurrence of any fracture. We used stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (sIPTW) based on propensity scores to balance baseline risk between groups. Cox proportional hazard regression modeling was used to compare fracture risk. We identified 191 352 concomitant CCB-SSRI and 956 760 CCB-only users (mean age = 56 years, 50.1% males). After sIPTW, compared with CCB-only users, CCBs-SSRIs users had a higher risk of fractures (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-1.66). No difference in the risk of fractures between concomitant users of CCB-CYP3A4-inhibiting SSRIs and those of CCB-non-CYP3A4 inhibiting SSRIs (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.87-1.40) was observed. Short-term concomitant CCB-SSRI use was associated with increased fracture risk. Concomitant CCBs and CYP3A4-inhibiting SSRIs compared with CCBs and non-CYP3A4 inhibiting SSRIs use was not associated with increased risk.

History of Psychoactive Medication a Risk Factor for Neurocognitive Decline After Cardiac Surgery

IntroductionNeurocognitive decline (NCD) is a common complication after cardiac surgery with implications for outcomes and quality of life. Identifying risk factors can help surgeons implement preventative measures, optimize modifiable risk factors, and counsel patients about risk and prognosis. MethodsProspective cohort study at a single academic center. 104 patients planned to undergo cardiac surgery were enrolled. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was used to measure neurocognitive function preoperatively, on postoperative day four, and postoperative day 30. NCD is defined as a change in RBANS scaled score of < −8 from baseline to postoperative day 4. Patient charts were reviewed for medication history: beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, statins, oral hypoglycemic agents, and psychoactive medications. Charts were also reviewed to calculate postoperative opioid usage. ResultsNCD was detected in 42.9% of patients. Incidence of NCD was significantly higher in patients taking a psychoactive medication (56.8%) than patients not (31.9%), P < 0.03. There was no relationship between historical use of beta-blocker, calcium-channel blocker, statin, or oral hypoglycemic medications and incidence of NCD. Simple linear regression showed no relationship between change in RBANS total scaled score and opioid usage. There was no difference in incidence of NCD at 1 mo. ConclusionsPatients with a history of taking psychoactive medications prior to cardiac surgery have an increased risk of acute postoperative NCD.

Associations of antihypertensive medication (AHM) consumption and drug‐drug interaction with Statin and Metformin with reduced Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) risk among hypertensive patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using high volume claims data

AbstractBackgroundWhile hypertension is a modifiable risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), limited studies have been conducted on drug effectiveness of antihypertensive medications (AHMs) on ADRD progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or on drug‐drug interactions of AHMs with drugs for other risk factors such as type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.Method128,683 unique hypertensive patients with MCI on US‐based Optum claims data were identified. Diuretics, beta blockers (BBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), and angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs) were identified as five major AHM classes. Baseline characteristics were compared. Cox proportional hazards (PH) models were used to study the association between specific AHM exposure and the progression from MCI to ADRD while controlling for demographic variables, comorbidities, and use of Statin and Metformin. To examine the association of AHM‐Statin or AHM‐Metformin interaction with ADRD progression, we also investigated models controlling for aforementioned confounders, as well as drug‐drug interaction terms.ResultThe study included 100,678 patients who were taking at least one class of AHM and 28,005 who were not taking any AHMs. AHM users had higher ratios for the comorbidities (all P≤0.039) and consumption of Metformin and Statin (both P&lt;0.001) compared to non‐users. Users of each major AHM class showed significantly lower risk of developing ADRD compared to non‐users of that specific drug class (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.96‐0.98; all P≤0.048). Within patients on monotherapy (using only one AHM drug), no specific AHM class had significantly lower risk of ADRD diagnosis compared to other AHM drug classes (aHR: 0.97‐1.11; all P≥0.053). Use of Diuretics or CCBs in combination with Metformin consumption (aHR: 0.89, 0.91, respectively) showed lower risk of MCI to ADRD progression than that under Metformin non‐consumption (aHR: 0.97, 0.98), whereas use of any of the five major AHMs under Statin consumption (aHR: 0.91‐0.94) all showed lower risk than that under Statin non‐consumption (aHR: 0.98‐1.04).ConclusionAll five major AHM classes show a protective effect against ADRD progression among hypertensive patients with MCI. Also, AHMs combined with consumption of Metformin or Statin showed a stronger protective effect compared to non‐consumption.

Potential drug interactions in inpatients with chronic kidney disease at Undata Hospital, Palu City, Indonesia

Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) often receive a combination of medications, which can have beneficial effects but may also lead to ineffective treatment. The objective of this study was to analyze potential drug interactions in CKD patients admitted to the Seroja ward at Undata Hospital in Palu, Central Sulawesi Province, during the year 2022. The study was conducted prospectively from July 20 to September 18, 2022, involving a total of 40 patients. The research utilized a non-experimental observational design, and the results were presented descriptively using purposive sampling based on predefined criteria. Drug interaction were screened using the Drug Interaction Checker tool. The study revealed that among CKD patients, a higher percentage of men (55%) than women (44%) were observed, with the highest percentage in the age group of 46–55 (27.5%). The most commonly drug group used was loop diuretics and furosemide (18.75%). The most significant potential drug interactions were pharmacodynamic interactions (12.5% in 5 cases) with minor significance, followed by pharmacokinetic interactions (2.5% in 1 case) with major significance, particularly in the use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and statins. Based on the findings, minor interaction cases do not always yield negative outcomes. In certain clinical practices, these interactions are intentionally utilized to achieve favorable results. Instances of major interactions with drug use should be avoided, and alternative drugs should be considered. In urgent situations where the drug is necessary, restrictions can be applied, and close monitoring of the patient's clinical status is vital.