Calcidiol Levels Research Articles

Exploring Vitamin D Deficiency and IGF Axis Dynamics in Colorectal Adenomas.

(1) Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death, with colorectal adenomas (CRAs) serving as precursors. Identifying risk factors such as vitamin D deficiency and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is crucial for prevention. (2) This case-control study included 85 participants (53 CRA patients and 32 controls) who underwent colonoscopy. We measured serum vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), calcidiol (vitamin D metabolite), calcitriol (active vitamin D metabolite), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) to explore their associations with CRA risk. (3) Results: We found that lower cholecalciferol levels were a significant risk factor for CRA (OR = 4.63, p = 0.004). Although no significant differences in calcidiol and calcitriol levels were observed between CRA patients and controls, calcidiol deficiency was common in the study population. IGF-1 levels inversely correlated with age, calcitriol, and IGFBP-3 in CRA patients. (4) This study highlights the potential of lower cholecalciferol levels to detect patients at risk of CRA when calcidiol values cannot, suggesting the importance of evaluating different vitamin D metabolites in cancer prevention research. Our findings underscore the need to further investigate the interactions between calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, and the IGF axis in colorectal cancer development.

The relationship between calcidiol and calcitriol and their role in evaluating the prophylactic intake of vitamin D preparations

The vast majority of measurements of vitamin D levels in the blood serum of patients at present, both in domestic and foreign practice, are reduced to the determination of the total concentration of calcidiol [25(OH)D] in the patient’s blood serum [25(OH)D2 + 25(OH)D3]. This is because the half-life of 25(OH)D occurs over a long period of time (two to three weeks). 25(OH)D analyses are well-established and quite economical. The biologically active metabolite of vitamin D calcitriol [1.25 (OH) 2D], is measured much less frequently because the half-life of 1.25 (OH) 2D occurs within ~four hours, and the cost of the test is quite high. These observations have led some authors to question the validity of the assessment of vitamin D levels 25(OH)D serum measurement. Our analysis of domestic and foreign literature, as well as the results of statistical studies, allow us to say that in the data set we studied, containing blood serum analyses of 67,254 inhabitants of European countries, the level of calcitriol is directly related to the level of calcidiol, and this relationship is very stable (p<0.00001). Moreover, in the case of cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol or calcidiol, the increase in the level of 25(OH)D is accompanied by an increase in 1.25 (OH) 2D, but the increase in 1.25 (OH) 2D is significantly slower than the increase in 25(OH)D, and the degree of association between these indicators is not as high (p=0.04). Thus, in most cases, the serum 25(OH)D concentration can be considered an adequate marker of vitamin D levels, however, in a number of cases, especially in the analysis of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, the level of the active vitamin D metabolite calcitriol 1,25(OH)2Dshould be determined much more often, along with the level of calcidiol 25(OH)D, the level of the active metabolite of vitamin D — calcitriol 1.25 (OH) 2D. Vitamin D deficiency among the population of the Russian Federation is extremely common, which is a generally recognized risk factor for insufficient activity of the immune system, a risk factor for the severity of the course and clinical consequences of a large number of diseases, so testing of vitamin D levels in blood serum should be mandatory as part of regular health checkups, especially in risk groups and especially in winter and spring.

Deficiency or sufficiency? A five-year analysis of calcidiol levels across age groups in the Spanish population

Deficiency or sufficiency? A five-year analysis of calcidiol levels across age groups in the Spanish population

Correlation Among Serum Calcidiol, Sun Index, and Vitamin D Intake in Individuals With Seborrheic Keratoses Living in Coastal Area.

Seborrheic keratoses (SK) are benign epidermal tumors with high sun exposure as a major risk factor. Vitamin D deficiency is also thought to play a role in its pathogenesis. There has been no data regarding SK, calcidiol level, vitamin D intake, and sun index (SI) among people living in coastal areas in Indonesia. To assess the correlation between 1) serum calcidiol levels with SI and vitamin D intake and 2) lesion size with SI and serum calcidiol level among SK patients living in a coastal area. This is a cross-sectional study. We performed interviews using the sun index questionnaire and semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire for vitamin D; physical examination; dermoscopy to determine the largest SK lesion size; and measurement of serum calcidiol levels in participants with SK living in Cilincing District, North Jakarta. Spearman correlation test was used to assess the relationship between variables. Thirty-nine participants with SK aged 19-59 years were analyzed. The median of the SK largest diameter, SI, serum calcidiol, and vitamin D intake was 2 (1-10) mm, 3.95 (1.1-23.52), 14.3 (5.25-35.30) ng/ml, and 4.3 (0.1-30.1) mcg/day, respectively. SI and vitamin D intake were not significantly correlated with calcidiol levels. Similarly, SI and calcidiol levels were not significantly correlated with the largest SK lesion size. We found low calcidiol levels and vitamin D intake in this coastal population. The SI and vitamin D intake had no correlations with calcidiol levels. Furthermore, calcidiol levels and SI had no correlations with the lesion largest diameter.

Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency Impairs the Development of β Cells in Offspring Rats in a Sex-Dependent Manner.

Recent studies have shown that maternal vitamin D deficiency (VDD) causes long-term metabolic changes in offspring. However, little is known about the impact of maternal VDD on offspring endocrine pancreas development and insulin secretion in the adult life of male and female animals. Female rats (Wistar Hannover) were fed either control (1000 IU Vitamin D3/kg), VDD (0 IU Vitamin D3/kg), or a Ca2+-enriched VDD diet (0 IU Vitamin D3/kg + Ca2+ and P/kg) for 6 weeks and during gestation and lactation. At weaning, VDD status was confirmed based on low serum calcidiol levels in dams and pups. Next, male and female offspring were randomly separated and fed a standard diet for up to 90 days. At this age, serum calcidiol levels were restored to normal levels in all groups, but serum insulin levels were decreased in VDD males without affecting glucagon levels, glycemia, or glucose tolerance. Islets isolated from VDD males showed lower insulin secretion in response to different glucose concentrations, but this effect was not observed in VDD females. Furthermore, VDD males, but not females, showed a smaller total pancreatic islet area and lower β cell mass, an effect that was accompanied by reduced gene expression of Ins1, Ins2, Pdx1, and SLC2A2. The decrease in Pdx1 expression was not related to the methylation profile of the promoter region of this gene. Most of these effects were observed in the male VDD+Ca2+ group, indicating that the effects were not due to alterations in Ca2+ metabolism. These data show that maternal VDD selectively impairs the morphology and function of β cells in adult male offspring rats and that female offspring are fully protected from these deleterious effects.

The vitamin D status and the levels of β1- and β2-defensins in children and adolescents with different forms of pulmonary TB

Introduction. The basic research demonstrated an important role of vitamin D in strengthening the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and proved its effect on the production of antimicrobial peptides. However, the correlation between the levels of vitamin D and defensins (β1 and β2) in children and adolescents with different forms of pulmonary TB was not studied.Aim. To study the correlation between the levels of vitamin D and β1- and β2-defensins in children and adolescents with different forms of pulmonary TB.Materials and methods. We carried out a prospective study of 75 patients with pulmonary TB aged 2–17 years (52 new cases and 23 retreatment cases) in 2021–2023. The levels of 25(OH)D and β1- and β2-defensins were determined at admission to hospital.Results. Out of 75 patients 2.7% had adequate levels of vitamin D (more than 30 ng/mL), 13.3% had insufficient levels of vitamin D (20 to 30 ng/mL), 34.7% had deficient levels of vitamin D (10 to 20 ng/mL), and 49.3% had severe deficiency of vitamin D (less than 10 ng/mL). We established a direct correlation between 25(OH)D and β1-defensin levels (p = 0.004766) and lack of correlation between 25(OH)D and β2-defensin levels. We discovered significant differences in the levels of 25(ОН)D and β1-defensin between new and retreatment cases: 13.10 ± 1.04 ng/mL and 8.74 ± 1.07 ng/mL (p = 0.004644) and 6.66 ± 0.79 ng/mL and 4.0 ± 0.85 ng/mL (p = 0.024816), respectively.Conclusion. The differences in the levels of calcidiol and β1-defensin between new and retreatment cases witness an impaired function of one of the innate non-specific immunity components during long-lasting advanced pulmonary TB in children and adolescents.

Tremendous Fidelity of Vitamin D3 in Age-related Neurological Disorders.

Vitamin D3 (VD) is a secosteroid hormone and shows a pleiotropic effect in brain-related disorders where it regulates redox imbalance, inflammation, apoptosis, energy production, and growth factor synthesis. Vitamin D3's active metabolic form, 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3 or calcitriol), is a known regulator of several genes involved in neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, neurotropism, and neuroinflammation. Multiple studies suggest that VD deficiency can be proposed as a risk factor for the development of several age-related neurological disorders. The evidence for low serum levels of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3 or calcidiol), the major circulating form of VD, is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), dementia, and cognitive impairment. Despite decades of evidence on low VD association with neurological disorders, the precise molecular mechanism behind its beneficial effect remains controversial. Here, we will be delving into the neurobiological importance of VD and discuss its benefits in different neuropsychiatric disorders. The focus will be on AD, PD, and HD as they share some common clinical, pathological, and epidemiological features. The central focus will be on the different attributes of VD in the aspect of its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-cholinesterase activity, and psychotropic effect in different neurodegenerative diseases.

Оценка обеспеченности витамином D и эффективности его саплементации у детей, находящихся длительно на безмолочном типе питания

The purpose — to determine the level of vitamin D availability and to evaluate the effectiveness of its supplementation in children who have been on a dairy-free diet for a long time. Material and methods. At the first stage of the study, the availability of vitamin D and calcium in children were assessed. 62 children were examined who had been on a dairy-free diet (group I). The control group consisted of 30 conditionally healthy children who did not keep any restrictive diets. At stage II, a scheme of vitamin D supplementation was proposed, which consisted in taking an aqueous solution of cholecalciferol in a therapeutic dose during one month, depending on the initial level of calcidiol in blood serum: at the level of 11–20 ng/ml (vitamin D deficiency), 3000 IU/day was prescribed, at the level of 21–29 ng/ml (insufficient vitamin D) — 2000 IU/day, switching to the dose of 1000 IU/day. Children with adequate provision of vitamin D were prescribed a prophylactic dose of cholecalciferol — 1000 IU/day. Subgroup Ia consisted of 32 children who received cholecalciferol supplementation. Subgroup Ib included 30 children who had no supplementation. The importance of daily consumption of foods rich in calcium and vitamin D was explained to children of both subgroups and their parents. The assessment of vitamin D and calcium availability was repeated after 4 months of follow-up. Results. The proportion of children with insufficient vitamin D in group I was 62.9%, which was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.001) relative to the proportion of children with normal concentration or deficiency of vitamin D in blood serum. A decrease in serum calcium levels among patients of this group was found in 64.5% of children, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001) relative to children of the control group. After the course of cholecalciferol supplementation in subgroup Ia, insufficient vitamin D was found in 18.8%. Normal micronutrient availability was established in 81.2%. Among children of subgroup Ib, the proportion of children with normal vitamin D availability at the control visit was 33.3%, which was less (p < 0.01) relative to subgroup Ia. Normal values of calcium in blood serum against the background of complementation were found in 78.1% of children of subgroup 1a and in 36.7% of children in subgroup 1b. Conclusions. For children who follow a dairy-free diet, insufficient vitamin D and calcium levels are characteristic. Supplementation with an aqueous solution of cholecalciferol has shown its effectiveness in normalizing the level of calcidiol and calcium in the blood serum of children on a dairy-free diet.

Влияние экзогенных и генетических факторов на уровень витамина D у детей с бронхиальной астмой в трех регионах Российской Федерации

The high prevalence and socioeconomic burden of bronchial asthma (BA) encourage scientists to continue active study of both exogenous and genetic factors influencing the course of BA. The connection between vitamin D deficiency and asthma in children has been shown in many studies. Work on the analysis of vitamin D content in patients with asthma is often carried out without taking into account the geographical location and level of insolation, and is also often performed on small samples of patients, which makes it difficult to interpret the results obtained. Studies devoted to the connection between genetic polymorphisms of the VDR gene and AD with a comprehensive analysis of the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors are rare and provide contradictory results. That is why the present study compared the supply of vitamin D with clinical phenotypes of asthma, the response to cholecalciferol supplementation and genetic markers that influence 25(OH)D metabolism among children of three equidistant regions of the Russian Federation. Objective. Тo study the 25(OH)D content of children with bronchial asthma (BA) depending on exogenous factors (region of residence, volume of basic therapy, intake of vitamin D from food, dietary supplementation with cholecalciferol) and endogenous factors (gender, age, course characteristics AD, VDR gene polymorphism genotypes). Patients and methods. The study included 160 children with asthma (median age 8.55 years), the comparison group consisted of 333 children (median age 6.4 years). All subjects were assessed for calcidiol levels in different seasons of the year. Testing of polymorphic variants of the VDR gene (c.1206T>C, c.1175-9G>T, c.152T>C, c.1174+283G>A) was carried out using PCR and RFLP analysis. Results. The average level of 25(OH)D in patients with BA and healthy children was significantly different and was 21.3 ng/ml in patients with BA and 29.6 ng/ml in healthy children (p < 0.01). It was revealed that 89.62% of patients with asthma and 60.8% of healthy children had a low supply of vitamin D (p < 0.05). The frequency of severe deficiency in children with asthma was 23.7%; no pronounced deficiency was recorded among healthy children. A 25(OH)D concentration of 10–20 ng/ml was more often observed in asthma (46.66%) compared to healthy children (26.5%). It was found that 25(OH)D deficiency 21–29 ng/ml was more often recorded in healthy children (34.3%) compared to BA (19.25%, p < 0.05). Low 25(OH)D levels are observed among 92.6% of patients with BA from Krasnoyarsk, among all patients with BA from Stavropol and 70.6% of patients with BA from Moscow. There was no effect of vitamin D content in food on the concentration of 25(OH)D in the blood. Taking vitamin D in doses from 500 IU to 1500 IU per day does not significantly increase the level of 25(OH)D and achieve optimal vitamin D status. Patients with the minor genotype AA of the BsmlI VDR gene polymorphism do not respond by increasing the level of 25(OH)D in response for supplementation. Conclusion. The status of vitamin D in asthma in the Russian Federation does not depend on the climatic and geographical characteristics of the region of residence, the intake of vitamin D from food and PSS during prophylaxis with standard doses of cholecalciferol, but is determined by gender, age, season of the year, lack of intake or intake of a low preventive dose cholecalciferol (less than 1000 IU), as well as the influence of BsmlI polymorphism of the VDR gene. Key words: bronchial asthma, children, vitamin D, supplementation, VDR gene

Association of Blood Calcidiol Levels and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents With Vitamin D Deficiency.

This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine whether severe calcidiol deficiency [25-hydroxyvitamin (OH)D <30 nmol/L] improvement has a beneficial effect on cardiometabolic parameters in children and adolescents (5-17 years) with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS). Logistic regression analysis was performed to test for multivariate associations between potential confounders and changes in vitamin D (VD) status from baseline to follow-up care when predicting binary categorical outcomes. Of 562 participants, 146 (26%) had MetS. Individuals with severe VD deficiency (VDD) were more likely to have MetS with elevated blood pressure than those with sufficient (≥75 nmol) VD levels (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.46; 1.08-18.43; p < .05) at follow-up. In the logistic regression model, every unit increase in VD across time decreased the odds of MetS (AOR, 0.98; 95% confidence interval: [0.96, 0.99]; p < .05). Improvement in VD status demonstrated a beneficial metabolic effect in children and adolescents with severe VDD.

Vitamin D Supplementation and Sun Exposure Maintain Blood Pressures of Pregnant Women and Increase Birth Weight in a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Vitamin D supplementation or sun exposure increase pregnant women's Calcidiol levels, lower the blood pressures and increase birth weight. We aimed to compare the effects between sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation on pregnant women's Calcidiol levels, blood pressures and newborns' anthropometric indices. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 108 pregnant women at 20 wk of gestation on 2021's dry season in Semarang City, Indonesia. The subjects were randomly and evenly divided into 3 groups of 36 subjects (sunlight exposure, vitamin D supplement, and control). Vitamin D group received 1000 IU daily and sun exposure group was recommended to have 15-30 min for 3 times/week for 17 wk. Compliance was monitored every 2 d through home visits. Calcidiol levels, blood pressures, in all groups were compared before and after intervention. The increments and the newborn anthropometric indices were compared between the groups and controlled for confounding factors. At baseline, all groups had vitamin D deficiency, different mean Calcidiol levels, systolic, and diastolic blood pressures. The mean Calcidiol levels increased in the sun exposure and vitamin D group after the intervention. Systolic blood pressure decreased in the vitamin D group only (P=0.019). The mean birth weight was the highest in the vitamin D group (3,172±181.8 g) compared to the sun exposure (3,091±362.5g) and control groups (2,861 ± 208.0 g). Vitamin D supplementation and sun exposure increased Calcidiol levels and birth weights. Vitamin D supplementation maintained systolic blood pressure.

Associations of the &lt;i&gt;VDR&lt;/i&gt; gene with clinical manifestations and complications of cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common severe autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasoid population caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene. However, the course of the disease may be modulated by genetic factors other than the CFTR gene and may be pleiotropically influenced by VDR (Vitamin D Receptor) gene. The aim of the study was to search for associations between genetic variants (c.1206T&gt;C(A&gt;G), c.152T&gt;C, c.1174+283G&gt;A) of VDR gene and clinically significant manifestations of CF, complications, and responses to therapy. Methods. Patients with CF (n = 283) and healthy children (n = 333), who formed the control group, were examined. Calcidiol levels were tested in all subjects. Polymorphic variants of VDR gene (c.1206T&gt;C(A&gt;G), c.152T&gt;C, c.1174+283G&gt;A) were tested by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results. It was found that carriers of the TT genotype of the c.152T&gt;C FokI variant of VDR gene are 6.3 times more likely to develop meconium ileus (odds ratio – OR – 6.375; p = 0.011), 3.2 times more likely – respiratory failure (OR – 3.253; p = 0.079), 3.4 times more likely – chronic lung infection (CIL) caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR – 3.432; p = 0.026), and 4 times more likely – CIL caused by non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria (OR – 4.056; p = 0.009). Carriers of the CC genotype of the c.1206T&gt;C(A&gt;G) TaqI genetic variant use systemic corticosteroids more frequently (66% vs 7%) (OR – 0.034; p = 0.001). It was shown that the AA genotype of the BsmlI polymorphism (c.1174 + 283G&gt;A) is 4 times more likely to be detected in children with CF-associated liver diseases (OR – 4.300; p = 0.051). Conclusion. The contribution of all studied genetic variants c.1206T&gt;C(A&gt;G) TaqI, c.152T&gt;C FokI, BsmlI (c.1174+283G&gt;A) of the VDR gene to the clinical manifestations, complications and response to therapy in CF is described.

Melasma is Associated with Lower Serum Vitamin D Concentrations as Compared to Healthy Controls

Background Melasma is a common, chronic skin condition of hyperpigmentation involving the appearance of symmetric and irregular light brown macules and patches, mainly on sun exposed skin of the head and neck. Though the pathogenesis is not fully understood, hyperfunctional melanocytes are known to deposit excess melanin in the epidermis and dermis. Known risk factors or triggers include genetic influence, hormonal influence, and ultraviolet radiation. Due to the avoidance of ultraviolet light, vitamin D supplementation is recommended. Due to known influence of vitamin D on the skin and the large prevalence of melasma in the public, the association between vitamin D and melasma will be examined further. Methods A retrospective review was performed utilizing the TriNetX platform to query de-identified patient data from the Medical University of South Carolina’s Electronic Health Record system over a 9-year period from January 2013 to May 2022. Calcidiol (25-hydroxy-vitaminD) was utilized as a surrogate for Vitamin D level. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square tests. Results Of 1,962 patients diagnosed with melasma, 840 had a serum calcidiol level measured following diagnosis. The majority of these patients were female (77%) and had an average age of 60.3 + 19.2 years. Melasma patients were most commonly Caucasian (81%), followed by African American (15%) and Hispanic or Latino (3%). Patients with melasma had an average serum calcidiol of 33.8 + 15.8 ng/mL (reference range: 25 – 80 ng/mL). This was significantly lower than comparison to 2,146 dermatology patients not diagnosed with melasma (36.8 + 15.8 ng/mL, p-value &lt;0.0001%). Conclusion Vitamin D has been demonstrated to be critical in the skin, including differentiation and proliferation of melanocytes. Our results suggest that patients with melasma, who have significantly lower levels of serum vitamin D than their healthy counterparts, may benefit from vitamin D supplementation. Future studies investigating improvement in melasma symptoms following vitamin D supplementation are needed.

Supranutrition of microalgal docosahexaenoic acid and calcidiol improved growth performance, tissue lipid profiles, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens

BackgroundDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and calcidiol could be enriched in chicken for improving public nutrition and health. It remains unclear if supranutritional levels of DHA and calcidiol impair growth performance or metabolism of broiler chickens. This study was to determine singular and combined effects of high levels of supplemental DHA-rich microalgal biomass or oil and calcidiol on growth performance, concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, and nonesterfied fatty acids in plasma, liver, breast, and thigh, and biophysical properties of tibia.MethodsIn Exp. 1, 144 day-old Cornish chicks were divided into 4 groups (6 cages/treatment, 6 birds/cage), and were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet (BD), BD + 10,000 IU calcidiol/kg (BD + Cal), BD + 1% DHA-rich Aurantiochytrium (1.2 g DHA/kg; BD + DHA), and BD + Cal + DHA for 6 weeks. In Exp. 2, 180 day-old chicks were divided into 5 groups, and were fed: BD, BD + DHA (0.33% to 0.66% oil, 1.5 to 3.0 g DHA/kg), BD + DHA + EPA (1.9% to 3.8% eicosapentaenoic acid-rich Nannochloropsis sp. CO18, 0.3 to 0.6 g EPA/kg), BD + DHA + calcidiol (6000 to 12,000 IU/kg diet), and BD + DHA + EPA + Cal for 6 weeks.ResultsBirds fed BD + Cal diet in Exp. 1 and BD + DHA + EPA diet in Exp. 2 had higher (P < 0.05) body weight gain (10%–11%) and gain:feed ratio (7%), and lower (P < 0.05) total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in plasma (18%–54%), liver (8%–26%), breast (19%–26%), and thigh (10%–19%), respectively, over the controls. The two diets also improved (P < 0.05) tibial breaking strength (8%–24%), total bone volume (2%–13%), and (or) bone mineral density (3%–19%) of chickens.ConclusionSupranutrition of dietary calcidiol and DHA alone or together did not produce adverse effects, but led to moderate improvements of growth performance, lipid profiles of plasma and muscle, and bone properties of broiler chickens.

Prediction of bone metabolism disorders in premature babies

Introduction. Premature newborns suffer from osteopenia, which scientists attribute to vitamin D deficiency. Its deficiency leads to impaired development, the success of which depends on the first years of life. Given the increase in the number of premature babies born after in vitro fertilization, the question arises regarding the risk of them developing vitamin D deficiency.Aim to establish risk factors and develop prognostic tables for vitamin D deficiency in premature infants of the first three years of life born by in vitro fertilization and naturally.Materials and methods. We studied premature newborns (n = 189), which we divided into two groups, born by in vitro fertilization and naturally (comparison group). In each group, two subgroups of infants were identified. In the main in vitro fertilization group, the 1st subgroup included newborns weighing 1,000–1,500 g (n = 52), and the 2nd – weighing less than 1,000 g (n = 49). The comparison group included infants born naturally with a body weight of 1,000–1,500 g (n = 46) and those with a body weight of less than 1,000 g (n = 42).Results. Vitamin D deficiency was established in 67.7 ± 4.8% premature babies during the first year of life. In the second year of life, with intake of vitamin D 1000 IU/day, the level of calcidiol stabilized to normal value. The most sensitive group concerning vitamin D insufficiency is the group of babies with breast-milk substitutes. Factors associated with in vitro fertilization had not shown statistically significant influence on the vitamin D insufficiency in premature babies.Conclusion. We have proposed beneficial predictive tables for an individual risk evaluation of possible bone metabolic conditions in premature babies.

Significant Association of Poly-A and Fok1 Polymorphic Alleles of the Vitamin D Receptor with Vitamin D Serum Levels and Incidence of Squamous Cutaneous Neoplasia

Vitamin D3, a prohormone, is converted to circulating calcidiol and then to calcitriol, the hormone that binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) (a nuclear transcription factor). Polymorphic genetic sequence variants of the VDR are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and melanoma. However, the relationship between VDR allelic variants and the risk of squamous cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis remains unclear. We examined the associations between two VDR polymorphic sites, Fok1 and Poly-A, and serum calcidiol levels, actinic keratosis lesion incidence, and the history of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in 137 serially enrolled patients. By evaluating the Fok1 (F) and (f) alleles and the Poly-A long (L) and short (S) alleles together, a strong association between genotypes FFSS or FfSS and high calcidiol serum levels (50.0 ng/ml) was found; conversely, ffLL patients showed very low calcidiol levels (29.1 ng/ml). Interestingly, the FFSS and FfSS genotypes were also associated with reduced actinic keratosis incidence. For Poly-A, additive modeling showed that Poly-A (L) is a risk allele for squamous cell carcinoma, with an OR of 1.55 per copy of the L allele. We conclude that actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma should be added to the list of squamous neoplasias that are differentially regulated by the VDR Poly-A allele.

Vitamin D and cathelicidin assessment in children with pneumonia

Introduction: Pneumonia is a lung infection that becoming one of the most causes of death in children in developing countries. A deficiency of vitamin D has been suggested in several research had a potential role in reducing cathelicidin production. It is a peptide that could act as an anti-microbial agent. Thus this research aimed to analyze the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum cathelicidin levels. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest control group double-blinded design conducted in the pediatric inpatient ward of General Hospital Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. The inclusion criteria of the sample were children that have been diagnosed with pneumonia clinically, and the ages must range from 1 month up to 5 years old. An oral single dose of 100,000 IU of vitamin D (cholecalciferol) has been administered to the participant, on the day of enrolment after the collection of the blood samples. Cathelicidin and calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D) levels were obtained. Supplementation with oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) at 100,000 IU single dose and placebo was given. At 8 days, all subjects had repeat serum cathelicidin and vitamin D levels. All of the data were annyalsis in SPSS ver 25. We analyze the data descriptively and analytically. For the analytic analysis, we analyze the data by man-witney and paired t-test. Results: Forty-six subjects were consisting in this study consisting of 23 cases and 23 controls, 30/46 were males and 16/46 were females. The median age in the study was 24 months. The mean levels of cathelicidin in the post-supplementation treatment group were 11.80 + 11.40 with p value= 1.00. Meanwhile, the mean level of cathelicidin in the placebo group after giving the placebo was 8.81 + 6.46 with p val ue= 0.29. Conclusion: Enhancement of vitamin D in children with pneumonia after giving the supplementation has been established. Meanwhile, only calcidiol serum level was to be significant in difference when comparing the pre and post-examination of the vitamin D supplementation group.

Ассоциации гена VDR с клиническими проявлениями, осложнениями и обеспеченностью витамином D на фоне ювенильного идиопатического артрита у детей

Objective. To conduct an association search between genetic variants (c.1206T&gt;C, c.152T&gt;C, c.1174+283G&gt;A) of the VDR gene and clinical manifestations of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), need for genetically engineered biological drugs (GEBDs) and vitamin D status in children. Patients and methods. This study included 150 children (mean age: 9.11 ± 2.21 years) with JIA and 333 healthy controls. The determination of serum calcidiol concentrations was performed in all patients. Polymorphic variants of the VDR gene (c.1206T&gt;C, c.1175-9G&gt;T, c.152T&gt;C, c.1174+283G&gt;A) were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique. Results. Carriers of the minor TT genotype of the genetic variant c.1206T&gt;C(A&gt;G) TaqI are 4 time more likely to develop systemic JIA, 5 time more likely to have high disease activity and uveitis, as well as 9.9 times more often require prescription of GEBDs. Carriers of the minor genotype TT of the genetic variant c.152T&gt;C FokI are 7.7 times more likely to develop systemic JIA and 4.3 times – polyarticular JIA, 6.2 times more likely to have high disease activity and 5.6 times – uveitis, 8 times more often have a severe calcidiol deficiency and 4 times more often require prescription of GEBDs. Carrying the minor AA genotype of the BsmlI polymorphism (c.1174+283G&gt;A) increases the risk of systemic-onset JIA by 17 times, high disease activity and uveitis – by 18 times, and need for GEBDs – by 15 times; carrying the AA and GA genotypes increases the risk of calcidiol deficiency by 5 times and severe calcidiol deficiency by 9 times. Conclusion. All studied genetic variants of the VDR gene verifiably affect the development of clinical manifestations, complications, calcidiol levels and response to therapy in JIA. Key words: VDR gene, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, children, vitamin D, autoimmune disease

Динамика уровня паратгормона и показателей костного метаболизма на фоне коррекции гиповитаминоза D у детей с целиакией

Objective. To analyze the effectiveness of correction of hypovitaminosis D and the dynamics of bone metabolism indicators in children with celiac disease against the background of exogenous dosing with cholecalciferol preparations. Patients and methods. This study included 105 children with celiac disease aged 2–17 years. All patients were divided into two groups: group 1 received vitamin D3 supplements and group 2 did not receive any therapy. The levels of vitamin D, osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were assessed in all children. Results. An increase in median vitamin D levels up to 32.4 [23.3; 39.7] ng/mL was observed against the background of taking cholecalciferol supplements, which was 2.5 times higher than in the same patients before treatment – 11.1 [5.9; 17.3] ng/mL (p &lt; 0.001); meanwhile, the number of children with optimal calcidiol levels increased to 54.3% (p &lt; 0.001), and the proportion of children with deficiency conditions decreased to 14.3% (p &lt; 0.001). Positive dynamics of serum 25(OH)D levels were observed in 100% of cases. Against the background of vitamin D therapy, there was a decrease in CTX and PTH levels and an increase in osteocalcin levels. In the absence of therapy, a decrease in vitamin D levels from baseline of 25.7 [17.2; 35.1] ng/mL (p &lt; 0.001) was noted. The proportion of patients with normal vitamin D levels decreased to 5.7% (p &lt; 0.001); the number of children with deficiency increased to 85.7% (p &lt; 0.001). There was a decrease in osteocalcin levels and an increase in CTX and PTH levels. Conclusion. Against the background of decreasing vitamin D levels and in the absence of its supplementation in children with celiac disease, osteoresorption processes prevail. Children with celiac disease may receive cholecalciferol supplementation in higher doses, which will avoid the development of osteopenia symptoms and significantly improve the quality of life. Key words: vitamin D, bone tissue, bone mineralization disorders, osteocalcin, osteoporosis, parathyroid hormone, C-terminal telopeptide

ODP266 Deficiency of Calcitriol and Sex Hormones, Which Leads to a Severe Course of Psoriasis

Abstract Materials and methods The study group consisted of 17 patients with psoriasis from 19 to 76 years. All patients underwent studies to determine the body's vitamin D supply by its metabolite calcidiol 25(OH)D by enzyme immunoassay and to determine the level of steroid hormones by the steroid profile of saliva by mass spectrometry: progesterone, testosterone, estradiol. Results Vitamin D insufficiency was detected in 9 patients (n=9, 52.9%), the average level was 24.3±0.96 ng/ml. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 3 patients (n=3, 17.7%), the average level was 16.6±1.634 ng/ml. Adequate vitamin D levels was detected in 5 patients (n=5, 29.4%), the average level was 34.56±1.955 ng/ml. In all patients (n=17, 100%), psoriasis was in a progressive stage, PASI more than 20 points – severe psoriasis. When evaluating the steroid profile of saliva in 7 patients (n=7, 41.2%) the level of progesterone was below the reference values (reference values 80-180 pg/ml), average level 56.86±6.53 pg/ml. In 11 patients (n=11, 64.7%), including 7 patients with progesterone deficiency plus 4 patients whose progesterone levels are within the reference values, have the level of testosterone was below the reference values (reference values from 114.8 pg/ml) the average level 51.93±9.5 pg/ml. Discussion Considering steroidogenesis [1], even though only 4 (n=4, 23.5%) patients had estradiol levels below reference values (reference values 4.17-9.28 pg/ml), we conclude that estradiol deficiency was observed in at least 11 patients (n=11, 64.7%). Also, knowing the effect of vitamin D on steroidogenesis (increases the expression of the 3b-HSD gene, thereby increasing progesterone synthesis [2]), thus we already know that if a patient is vitamin D insufficient or deficient, even when within the reference values, progesterone levels will not be sufficient for this individual, and therefore there will be testosterone and estradiol deficiency. It follows that another 8 patients with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency will have progesterone deficiency, that is, out of 17 patients, 15 (n=15, 88.2%) have progesterone deficiency and, therefore, testosterone and estradiol deficiency. In enzyme immunoassay vitamin D determination, a cross-reaction occurs with another metabolite - 24.25(OH)D, whose concentration is up to 20% of the total calcidiol concentration. Therefore, it is necessary to subtract up to 20% from the data obtained in order to determine the true level of 25(OH)D [3], which means that all patients have vitamin D deficiency. Estrogens enhance the synthesis and effects of 1,25(OH)D, through an increase in the expression of the CYP27B1 (1α-hydroxylase) gene and VDR [4]. Conclusion The sufficient intake of vitamin D and a sufficient level of calcidiol, the intensity of the synthesis of the hormonal form of vitamin D and the realization of its effects depend on several factors, which include a sufficient level of sex hormones. Presentation: No date and time listed