Cal Test Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF ADDING CALCIUM ALGINATE MICROCAPSULES ON PERMANENT DEFORMATION OF AC–WC NATURAL ASPHALT BUTON STONE IN INDONESIA

This paper discusses natural asphalt deposits of Buton stone (asbuton) in Indonesia, which are very abundant, but the characteristics of asbuton are not yet suitable for road applications. Therefore, asbuton as a binder needs to be used with additives to the asphalt mixture that can react independently to overcome the permanent deformation, such as calcium alginate microcapsules. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding calcium alginate microcapsules on the permanent deformation of AC-WC with asbuton. The microcapsules are made with the main ingredients of water, sunflower oil, sodium alginate (C6H7O6Na), and calcium chloride solvent (CaCl2), which are encapsulated and embedded in the asphalt mixture as a material that can restore the structural function by a self-healing method. The research method uses true experimentally. The variation of the study specimens was the addition of calcium alginate microcapsules at 1%, 1.5 %, 2%, and without calcium alginate microcapsules as control. The test to determine permanent deformation used two tests: 1. Wheel Tracking Test with AASHTO Standard: T 324 – 11, 2. CAL Test with Tex – 245 – F 2014 standard. The results showed no significant contribution with adding calcium alginate microcapsules; better than microcapsules, the mixture decreases in the number of passes. The mixture is easy to change shape rutting. However, adding calcium alginate microcapsules can reduce the value of weight loss, causing the adhesion of the asphalt mixture to increase.

The treatment of chronic periodontitis by non-surgical periodontal therapy in association with diode laser compared to conventional non-surgical therapy

Mechanical surface treatment and removal of the above and subgingival biofilm (Tartar ablation; SRP) are considered the most suitable tools for the treatment of periodontal inflammatory diseases, with the aim of destroying bacterial bioflim, reducing bacteria, and slowing down recolonization by pathogenic microorganisms. Often, however, the only S&RP are not enough, as there are patients who are experiencing relapses. Recently, laser therapy has been suggested as a potential tool to improve the outcome of periodontal non-surgical treatment. The objective of the following study was to evaluate the clinical healing of periodontal pockets treated with mechanical therapy, scaling and root planing, and diode laser application, compared to that obtained with non-surgical mechanical therapy alone. The study was designed as a randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients in the control group (13 patients) underwent conventional non-surgical therapy only, while patients in the test group (17 patients) were associated with conventional non-surgical treatment, a laser irradiation session. At baseline and after 6 months, the parameters of probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival recession (REC) were assessed The main variable of this study was the PD (probing depth) FMPS and FMBS at follow-up improved in both groups. The FMPS baseline test group 32.59 ± 6.74 - follow up 12.00 ± 3.16. The baseline of the control group showed 33.00 ± 9.55, the follow up 13.15 ± 4.85 The FMBS baseline test group found 24.29 ± 5.01 while at follow 9.65 ± 2.69. The baseline control group 30.31 ± 7.74, Follow up 11.08 ± 2.33. There is a statistical significance. (P.VALUE 0.0001) There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of PD, CAL and BOP at baseline and at follow-up. PD Test group 4,89±1,58 3,95±0,85 0,0001 Control group 5,02±1,57 4,01±0,86 CAL (mm)Test group 0,89±2,29 0,77±1,91 Control group 0,28±1,38 0,24±1,14 REC Test group 0,19±0,49 0,19±0,51 Control group 0,06±0,29 0,57±029 BOP Test group 51,2% 23,5% Control group 54,0% 20,9% The results showed differences in both baseline and follow-up for REC. Test group 0,19±0,49 0,19±0,51-Control group0,06±0,29 0,57±029 In intra-group analyzes, there are differences between baseline and follow-up for all values, except for REC in the control group. The diode laser can be used as an appropriate device for periodontal treatments, but it can offer additional and significant benefits if used according to appropriate protocols and parameters, and especially if associated with non-surgical, manual and ultrasound periodontal instrumentation, always site-specific , as it is a tool that does not replace traditional methods.

Incidental and Instructed Vocabulary Acquisitionin L2 Contexts: An Experimental Study

Vocabulary teaching is a neglected area even today in India in spite of researchers suggesting that ‘knowing more words in a new language is knowing the language better’. A quasi- experimental study was carried out in an Engineering college in India for a sample of sixty students and sixty six in two groups. Two strategies were tried out with one group of participants were exposed to incidental vocabulary learning strategy. The other group was exposed to explicit vocabulary learning strategy. Pre-test and post test scores were compared for quantitative data analysis and questionnaire was used for qualitative analysis. Both groups showed improvement in their post-test, but explicit vocabulary learning group scored more in post-test than the incidental vocabulary learning group. The effectiveness of the strategy was tested through Z cal test. The findings show that both groups performed well in their post-test, but the explicit teaching group’s post test score was better and the learners also showed more enthusiasm than the incidental vocabulary learning group. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s1p210

Agricultural subsidy with capacity constraints and demand elasticity

Agricultural subsidy has attracted more and more attention. Th is paper captures the eff ects of subsidy (including area subsidy and price subsidy) on the total sown areas of crops based on the assumption that subsidy has both stimulating eff ects and inhibiting eff ects. Diff erent from the prior studies, this paper considers the impacts of the farmland constraint and demand elasticity and some interesting conclusions are achieved. Firstly, a stimulating eff ect increases crop sown areas while an inhibiting eff ect reduces them. Secondly, the output effi ciency of farmland as well as the demand elasticity has a major impact on the government subsidy. Besides, the capacity constraint makes thing diff erence and the government should choose between the areas subsidy and price subsidy under diff erent conditions. Finally, this paper off ers an empiri- cal test on the conclusions by adopting the Chinese agricultural statistical data.

The Study on Electric Parameters Automatic Test System

Based on a digital signal processor hardware and the wavelet transform theory the next generation of electri'cal parameters automatic test system is designed. The current and voltage signal measurement relative error is not more than 0.2%, the power factor and harmonic content measurement error is not more than 1.1%, and frequency signal measurement error is less than 0.1% by this system.

Metabolic Energy Correlates of Heart Rate Variability Spectral Power Associated with a 900-Calorie Challenge

We studied healthy males challenged with a 900 Cal test beverage and correlated EE with the raw (ms2) and normalized units (nu) of total power (TP), low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) and VLF spectral power of heart rate variability (HRV). The correlations were evaluated during 20 min of normal breathing (NB, control) and 20 min of paced breathing (PB) at 12 breaths·min−1 (0.2 Hz). EE was not significantly correlated with any of the HRV variables before the metabolic challenge. After the challenge, EE was positively correlated with LF/HF and with VLF; VLF was also positively correlated with LF/HF during both NB and PB. These findings suggest that EE may be a correlate of LF/HF and of VLF spectral power of HRV in healthy adolescent/young adult males. The association of lower resting energy expenditure with lower amounts of VLF spectral power may occur in individuals with predilections for obese phenotypes.

Blunt Neck and Laryngeal Trauma Evaluation: An 11-Year Study

Introduction: Blunt neck and laryngeal trauma is rare. Since such injuries can be life threatening, their early management remarkably affects the immediate probability of patients’ survival and their long-term quality of life. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective and descriptive study, medical records of 54 patients with blunt neck and laryngeal trauma, who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahwaz over an 11-year period, were eval uat ed. T he col l ect ed dat a wer e t hen anal yzed b y descr i pt i ve st ati st i cal test s.

Characteristic strength and Weibull modulus of selected infrared-transmitting materials

The results of fracture testing are usually reported in terms of a measured strength s M5s i6Ds i, where s i is the average of the re- corded peak stresses at failure, and Ds i represents the standard devia- tion. This ''strength'' does not provide an objective measure of the intrin- sic strength since s M depends on the test method and the size of the volume or the surface subjected to tensile stresses. We first clarify is- sues relating to the application of Weibull's theory of brittle fracture and then make use of the theory to assess the results of equibiaxial flexure testing carried out on selected IR-transmitting materials. Since equibi- axial flexure testing has now been adopted as the preferred method for measuring the strength of optical materials, we describe the failure- probability distribution in terms of a characteristic strength s C—i.e., the effective strength of a uniformly stressed 1-cm 2 area—which enables us to predict the average stress at failure in a concentric ring configuration if the Weibull modulus m is available. A Weibull statistical analysis of flex- ural strength data thus amounts to obtaining the parameters s C and m, which is best done by directly fitting estimated cumulative failure proba- bilies to the appropriate failure-probability expression derived from Weibull's theory. Ring-on-ring fracture testing performed at four mechani- cal test facilities on five lots of Raytran™ materials (AlON, chemically vapor deposited (CVD) diamond, ZnSe, standard ZnS, and multispectral ZnS), on sapphire specimens cut in the a-, the c-, and the r-plane orien- tations, and on Oxyfluoride™ glass validates the procedure and demon- strates that, in many instances, the wide divergence of measured strengths can be attributed to the size of the stressed area. © 2002 Society

Update on Dissolution Testing— Recent Activities and Trends

issolution testing is a cri t i cal test for measuri n g the pe rfo rm a n ce of a drug prod u ct .The dissolution test is an analytical technique that has underg o n e s i g n i f i ca nt equipment mod i f i cations and improvem e nts spanning the last deca d e.Dissolution has be come an impo rt a nt and widely utilized te s t re ceiving more emphasis wo rl dwide from re g u l ato ry authorities during the last 15 ye a r s. It is a cri ti cal quality co nt rol too l ,and an aid to fo rm u l at i o n d eve l o p m e nt .Dissolution testing measures change on stability,and is used to establish in-vitro in-vivo co rre l ations for some prod u ct s.The dissolution te s t has undergone changes and upd ates as a result of the increased re g u l ato ry inte rest and the pharm ace u t i cal industry’s ex a m i n ation of aspe cts of dissolution testing to further improve and understand the te c h n i q u e. This article pre s e nts the curre nt activities re l ate d to dissolution testing in the fo l l owing org a n i z at i o n s or gro u p s :US Ph a rm a co peia (USP),Food and Dru g Ad m i n i s t ration (FDA),Fe d e ration Inte rn at i o n a l e Ph a rm a ceutique (FIP) Dissolution Wo rking Gro u p, Ph a rm a ce u t i cal Re s e a rch and Ma n u f a ct u rers of Am e ri cas (PhRMA) Dissolution Co m m i t tee and PhRMA Ca l i b ration Subco m m i t te e.Pu b l i cat i o n s and we b s i tes such as Dissolution Te c h n o l ogies and the Dissolution Discussion Group will be descri be d. A discussion of new te c h n o l ogy and trends in dissolution testing is included.

Effect of Enprostil on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes

Enprostil, a dehydro-prostaglandin E2 analogue, has been tested as treatment for peptic ulcer. Its effect on blood glucose and lipid metabolism in Type 2 diabetes was assessed in a randomized, double-blind trial. Fifteen patients on sulphonylurea therapy received, in addition, enprostil 35 micrograms or placebo thrice daily for two weeks, with a 2-week wash-out before crossover. Data from 12 patients were analysed. After a 530 Cal test breakfast at the end of active treatment, plasma glucose rose from a fasting concentration similar to that after the last placebo dose (10.5 +/- 0.8 (+/- SE) and 10.6 +/- 1.1 mmol l-1 respectively) to 1, 2 and 3 h concentrations which were 1.5 to 2.1 mmol l-1 lower than on placebo (2 h concentration 14.6 +/- 0.9 vs 16.4 +/- 1.3 mmol l-1, p less than 0.05). Serum fructosamine concentrations at the end of active treatment and placebo were 3.66 +/- 0.22 and 3.78 +/- 0.24 respectively (p = 0.051). No changes in fasting or post-prandial insulin concentrations were observed. After 2 weeks of enprostil, fasting serum triglyceride (1.76 +/- 0.18 mmol l-1) and total cholesterol (6.27 +/- 0.29 mmol l-1) concentrations were lower than after placebo (2.14 +/- 0.25 and 7.35 +/- 0.46 mmol l-1, p = 0.031 and p = 0.002, respectively), the latter effect being primarily due to reduced LDL-cholesterol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Relationship between the carbohydrate content of apoproteins of vldl, idl and ldl and the plasma level of these lipoproteins in man

A 1,500 Cal test meal was used to study in man the apoprotein B-carbohydrate content and composition of VLDL, IDL and LDL in relation to the variation of plasma lipids and lipoproteins and the VLDL-apoprotein composition. Three essential facts emerge from the study: (1) the mirror image (inverse significant correlation) between VLDL-apo B plasma concentration and N-acetylglucosamine content of apo B; (2) a reduction in total carbohydate concentration of VLDL- and LDL-apo B, 2--4 h after the test meal and a trend to a reduction in the mannose content; (3) a significant correlation between sialic acid and apoprotein B concentration in plasma LDL during fasting. The effect of diet and subsequent fasting on carbohydrates of lipoproteins and the consequence of such changes on lipoprotein uptake are briefly discussed.

Beyond Validity and Reliability

NOWADAYS THE choice of the best psychologi cal test for a given purpose is not easy. A regret tably large proportion of psychologists still appar ently believes that the problem is solved by keeping to the tried and true. Of these it can only be said that one can recognize their place and year of gradu ation by the tests they advocate, and that they con tribute little to raising the public prestige and ef fectiveness of the practising psychologist. Others avoid the responsibility of technical evaluation by hugging the latest fashion. In terms of being truly effective in one's services to the client in school, industry or clinic, neither is an acceptable substi tute for having clear concepts of the parameters by which the effectiveness of a test can be technically judged, and for applying them constantly to avail able tests.