CAI Development Research Articles

Hepatoprotective effects of ethnic cabbage dishes: a comparison study on kimchi and pao cai

Consuming ethnic vegetable dishes, that has been an integral part in the food culture of many countries, is suggested to bring health benefits to humans. Kimchi from Korea and pao cai from China are two distinct vegetable dishes made from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) through different processes. While kimchi is a fermented food, pao cai is produced by pickling in brine or vinegar. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the hepatoprotective effects of kimchi and pao cai in vivo using animal model and in vitro using a cell line. Despite having similar nutritional profiles, kimchi and pao cai exhibited different chemical and microbiological properties. Compared to pao cai, the pH during fermentation of kimchi dropped more rapidly and the antioxidant activity of kimchi was also stronger. In addition, total microorganisms and lactic acid bacteria were consistently higher in kimchi than in pao cai. In vivo, the hepatoprotective properties of kimchi and pao cai were associated with the increase in expression and activity of major liver antioxidant enzymes, particularly glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. In vitro, both kimchi and pao cai promoted the formation of glutathione. Upon exposure to chemically induced oxidative stress, kimchi protected liver cells by inhibiting glutathione depletion and limiting lipid peroxidation. In general, kimchi demonstrated stronger hepatoprotective properties compared to pao cai. Thus, the present study provides promising insights into the development of ethnic foods, particularly kimchi and pao cai, as functional foods beneficial for human health.

Communication Analysis and Privacy in CAI Based on Data Mining and Federated Learning

Due to the fact that client data do not need to leave the local area, a distributed machine learning framework can aggregate training from several clients while preserving data privacy. In this essay, the development of CAI both domestically and internationally is reviewed and summarized, and the current state of CAI is examined. Communication analysis has so far been a key academic and theoretical area in federated learning, and some theoretical contributions have become the crucial theoretical foundations for understanding, defending, and guiding various human social behaviors. The major objective of knowledge distillation based on model responses is to provide students the ability to rapidly replicate the teacher’s model’s output. The experimental results demonstrate that the optimized Smith Regan model adopts the “Smith Logan” teaching design model, selects the courseware structure and record preservation as the teaching content in the fundamental CAI courseware design, and optimizes the teaching design from the perspectives of learning environment analysis, learner characteristics analysis, etc. Based on this, the model’s accuracy and robustness are increased by 7.34%.

Risk factors for chronic ankle instability after first episode of lateral ankle sprain: A retrospective analysis of 362 cases

BackgroundChronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common sequela following an acute lateral ankle sprain (LAS). To treat an acute LAS more effectively and efficiently, it is important to identify patients at substantial risk for developing CAI. This study identifies magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) manifestations for predicting CAI development after a first episode of LAS and explores appropriate clinical indications for ordering MRI scans for these patients. MethodsAll patients with a first-episode LAS who received plain radiograph and MRI scanning within the first 2 weeks after LAS from December 1, 2017 to December 1, 2019 were identified. Data were collected using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool at final follow-up. Demographic and other related clinical variables, including age, sex, body mass index, and treatment were also recorded. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed successively to identify risk factors for CAI after first-episode LAS. ResultsA total 131 out of 362 patients with a mean follow-up of 3.0 ± 0.6 years (mean ± SD; 2.0–4.1 years) developed CAI after first-episode LAS. According to multivariable regression, development of CAI after first-episode LAS was associated with 5 prognostic factors: age (odds ratio (OR) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.93–1.00, p = 0.032); body mass index (OR = 1.09, 95%CI: 1.02–1.17, p = 0.009); posterior talofibular ligament injury (OR = 2.17, 95%CI: 1.05–4.48, p = 0.035); large bone marrow lesion of the talus (OR = 2.69, 95%CI: 1.30–5.58, p = 0.008), and Grade 2 effusion of the tibiotalar joint (OR = 2.61, 95%CI: 1.39–4.89, p = 0.003). When patients had at least 1 positive clinical finding in the 10-m walk test, anterior drawer test, or inversion tilt test, they had a 90.2% sensitivity and 77.4% specificity in terms of detecting at least 1 prognostic factor by MRI. ConclusionMRI scanning is valuable in predicting CAI after first-episode LAS for those patients with at least 1 positive clinical finding in the 10-m walk test, anterior drawer test, and inversion tilt test. Further prospective and large-scale studies are necessary for validation.

Development, validation, and feature extraction of a deep learning model predicting in-hospital mortality using Japan’s largest national ICU database: a validation framework for transparent clinical Artificial Intelligence (cAI) development

ObjectiveWhile clinical Artificial Intelligence (cAI) mortality prediction models and relevant studies have increased, limitations including the lack of external validation studies and inadequate model calibration leading to decreased overall accuracy have been observed. To combat this, we developed and evaluated a novel deep neural network (DNN) and a validation framework to promote transparent cAI development. MethodsData from Japan’s largest ICU database was used to develop the DNN model, predicting in-hospital mortality including ICU and post-ICU mortality by days since ICU discharge. The most important variables to the model were extracted with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to examine the DNN’s efficacy as well as develop models that were also externally validated. Main resultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting ICU mortality was 0.94 [0.93-0.95], and 0.91 [0.90-0.92] for in-hospital mortality, ranging between 0.91–0.95 throughout one year since ICU discharge. An external validation using only the top 20 variables resulted with higher AUCs than traditional severity scores. ConclusionsOur DNN model consistently generated AUCs between 0.91–0.95 regardless of days since ICU discharge. The 20 most important variables to our DNN, also generated higher AUCs than traditional severity scores regardless of days since ICU discharge. To our knowledge, this is the first study that predicts ICU and in-hospital mortality using cAI by post-ICU discharge days up to over a year. This finding could contribute to increased transparency on cAI applications.

Does BMI Effect Intermediate Outcomes of Open Brostrom-Gould Repair?

Category:Ankle; Midfoot/ForefootIntroduction/Purpose:High BMI is a known risk factor for development of CAI and intraarticular pathology, but few studies have examined BMI's impact of the outcomes of lateral ligament reconstruction. The open Brostrom-Gould reconstruction, an anatomic repair, is the gold standard for repair of the lateral ligamentous complex. We aim to evaluation the impact of BMI on patient reported outcomes after open Brostrom-Gould repair.Methods:A total of 201 patients who underwent open Brostrom-Gould Repair were identified using CPT code. Patients undergoing repair for acute ligamentous injury were excluded. A completed telephonic survey was required for inclusion yielding 92 patients. The telephone survey included: PROMIS Physical Function (PF), Pain Interference (PI), and Depression domains(D) and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). Medical records were examined for patient characteristics, operative variables, and complications. Patients were grouped by BMI <30 and BMI >30.Results:A total of 28 males (30%) and 61 females (69%) were including in this study. The average time at completion of survey was 4.1 years (standard deviation of 2.8). The median age was 44 with an interquartile range (IQR) of 20, while the median BMI was 31.5 with an IQR of 13.4. Obese patients had significantly worse PROMIS PF (Median 44.5 IQR 7.4 vs median 48 IQR 16.5) and FAAM Activity of Daily Living subscale scores (Median 61.6 IQR 30.0 vs. median 82.7 IQR.36). Patients' FAAM self-reported overall level of function was significantly lower in obese patients (Median 70.0 IQR 20.0 vs median 85 IQR 29). The BMI groups did not vary by other PROMIS domains or FAAM subscales.Conclusion:At intermediate term follow-up, Obese patients report significantly worse physical function after open Bostrom- Gould repair compared to non-obese patients. Surgeons should be aware of this when prognosticating the outcomes of anatomic ankle reconstruction.

A Study on the CAI Development for Vocal Training in Applied Music

A Study on the CAI Development for Vocal Training in Applied Music

Design and Analysis of Remote CAI system Based on UDP Protocol

With the rapid development of network information technology, various disciplines are also in rapid development. The appearance and the rapid development Computer-aided teaching in 1958 make mankind freed from the traditional way of teaching.Although the traditional CAI technology is maturing, there is still a huge development space on intersectional fields with the network technology. A typical example is to make use of network transmission function to realize the remote CAI control. This paper analyzes the CAI development status and describes the function and usage of CAI’s popular software PPT and Flash. The CAI hardware system is analyzed. The principle and usage of the projector are introduced. On this basis, the remote CAI's plan is presented, and its use value is analyzed. The UDP protocol, core technology of remote CAI transmission, is verified and implemented.

Waterford School and the WICAT Education Institute

Research and development in CAI are severely handicapped by current funding practices and the constraints they impose. There is a need for long-term pilot and prototype sites where data can be collected, products and approaches validated, and where a wide range of variables can be controlled. The short funding cycles generally prevalent result in endless repetitions of the first two or three years of a project's experience, whereas the opportunity to continue after the staff has been trained, after the materials and systems have been developed, tested, and refined, and after the initial mistakes have been made and exploratory research has been concluded has not generally been available. Further, CAI research is often necessarily incomplete in scope, dealing with delivery system, curriculum, or implementation concerns but seldom the combination of all three at one time. And finally, CAI research is of necessity, usually carried out in an environment where very few of the complex variables involved can be controlled.New models for CAI research and new forums for CAI research and development are needed. This article describes an exciting activity which has many of the characteristics needed to conduct productive CAI research and development for sufficiently long periods of time and under sufficiently controlled conditions to overcome many of the problems of the past.The Waterford School in Provo, Utah, is described from the perspective of an involved professional with nearly 17 years experience in public school, industrial, and military CAI. Secondly it is described from the perspective of a parent of children engaged in the Waterford experience.

CAI Development: The Experience of the University of North Carolina Courseware Development Project

The University of North Carolina (UNC)/IBM Courseware Development Project has been successful in the creation of high-quality college level educational computer materials. This paper provides an overview of the development of the Project, of the difficulties encountered along the way, and of the solutions found to overcome them. It advocates the use of a team approach to the development of quality computer materials, and provides a model to follow.

Model Design of Universal Open Intelligent Classroom Teaching Software

This paper discusses the development of CAI and finds out the existing problems through the analysis of usage of teaching courseware in the class in the school education in China as well as the application of computer technology in current teaching. Meanwhile, it proposes the promotion of this universal open intelligent classroom teaching software in classroom teaching and a number of principles to follow in its design. Furthermore, the paper elaborates the model structure and detailed functions of each model of this software after full evaluation. The application of this universal open intelligent classroom teaching software will certainly improve teaching efficiency and enhance teaching effectiveness and teaching quality further.

Non-HLA antibodies predict development of CAI

Non-HLA antibodies predict development of CAI

1207 制御工学教育のための CAI 開発 : 回転角制御系の卓上型簡易実験装置の試作

1207 制御工学教育のための CAI 開発 : 回転角制御系の卓上型簡易実験装置の試作

3418 制御工学教育のための CAI 開発とその活用

3418 制御工学教育のための CAI 開発とその活用

Modesty and Ignorance

Previous articleNext article No AccessDiscussionsModesty and Ignorance*Julia Driver Julia Driver Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Ethics Volume 109, Number 4July 1999 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/233947 Views: 104Total views on this site Citations: 24Citations are reported from Crossref © 1999 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Jae Park, Anselmo Bae Toward a pedagogy of humility as experience, Educational Philosophy and Theory 4 (Aug 2022): 1–12.https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2022.2104156Roberto Di Ceglie Intellectual Humility with Partial Application, Philosophia 50, no.22 (Jun 2021): 437–449.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11406-021-00390-yDebra R. Comer, Michael Schwartz Farewell to the Boasting of Posting: Encouraging Modesty on Social Media, (Dec 2020): 63–75.https://doi.org/10.1108/S1529-209620200000024004Josh Dolin A Dilemma for Driver on Virtues of Ignorance, Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 23, no.55 (Jul 2020): 889–898.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-020-10110-2Vladimir Chituc, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong Moral conformity and its philosophical lessons, Philosophical Psychology 33, no.22 (Jan 2020): 262–282.https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2020.1719395Sungwoo Um MODESTY AS AN EXECUTIVE VIRTUE, American Philosophical Quarterly 56, no.33 (Jul 2019): 303–317.https://doi.org/10.2307/48570638Irene McMullin Modesty, (May 2019): 1–6.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee751.pub2Irene McMullin Existential Flourishing, 35 (Dec 2018).https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108617260Mimi Xiong, Fengyan Wang, Ruixue Cai Development and Validation of the Chinese Modesty Scale (CMS), Frontiers in Psychology 9 (Oct 2018).https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02014Emer O'Hagan Modesty as an excellence in moral perspective taking, European Journal of Philosophy 26, no.33 (Dec 2017): 1120–1133.https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12323Alessandra Tanesini Intellectual Humility as Attitude, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 96, no.22 (Aug 2016): 399–420.https://doi.org/10.1111/phpr.12326John Lippitt Jest as Humility: Kierkegaard and the Limits of Earnestness, (Aug 2018): 137–151.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91331-5_9Sara Weaver, Mathieu Doucet, John Turri It’s What’s on the Inside that Counts... Or is It? Virtue and the Psychological Criteria of Modesty, Review of Philosophy and Psychology 8, no.33 (Apr 2017): 653–669.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-017-0333-8Oleksandr Levko AXIOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF THE BIBLE CONCEPT HUMILITY IN UKRAINIAN POLITICAL MEDIA DISCOURSE, Actual issues of Ukrainian linguistics: theory and practice 34 (Jan 2017): 18–29.https://doi.org/10.17721/APULTP.2017.34.18-29Richard Yetter Chappell, Helen Yetter-Chappell Virtue and Salience, Australasian Journal of Philosophy 94, no.33 (Nov 2015): 449–463.https://doi.org/10.1080/00048402.2015.1115530David Enoch II—What’s Wrong with Paternalism: Autonomy, Belief, and Action, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 116, no.11 (Jun 2016): 21–48.https://doi.org/10.1093/arisoc/aov001Kent Dunnington Humility: An Augustinian Perspective, Pro Ecclesia: A Journal of Catholic and Evangelical Theology 25, no.11 (Feb 2016): 18–43.https://doi.org/10.1177/106385121602500102Irene McMullin Modesty, (Feb 2013).https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee751G. Alex Sinha Modernizing the Virtue of Humility, Australasian Journal of Philosophy 90, no.22 (Jun 2012): 259–274.https://doi.org/10.1080/00048402.2011.584542Robert Scott Cavender Costly Signaling and the Economics of Sexual Modesty, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2012).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2503738Andy Egan Comments on Gendler’s, “the epistemic costs of implicit bias”, Philosophical Studies 156, no.11 (Sep 2011): 65–79.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-011-9803-5Yaohuai Lü The tradition of the virtue of qian and its contemporary fate, Frontiers of Philosophy in China 3, no.44 (Oct 2008): 558–576.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11466-008-0035-5J. L. A. Garcia Being Unimpressed with Ourselves: Reconceiving Humility, Philosophia 34, no.44 (Nov 2006): 417–435.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11406-006-9032-x by Christine Swanton A Virtue Ethical Account of Right Action Swanton, Ethics 112, no.11 (Jul 2015): 32–52.https://doi.org/10.1086/322742

Design and Practice for Development of Simple CAI by HTML in Computer Science Experiment

Design and Practice for Development of Simple CAI by HTML in Computer Science Experiment

Computer Applications: Pedagogy

university PLATO sites, among them Illinois, Indiana, Delaware, Arizona, and Hawaii. During the late 1970s, PLATO was commercialized by Control Data Corporation, and some universities, among them the University of Delaware and Florida State University, acquired their own PLATO systems and became active developers of CAI in music and in other areas. Following the lead of PLATO, other CAI developments in music ensued, such as the ear-training systems at North Texas State University (using a Hewlett-Packard computer system) and at Ohio State University (using an Amdahl computer system). The advent of the microcomputer in the late 1970s, especially the Apple II, spurred more intense development of CAI in music. As more schools began to acquire computing equipment, more instructional software, often called courseware, began to emerge. With some exceptions, most of the early music courseware enjoyed relatively limited success. In industry jargon, we were at the beginning of our learning curve, and the curve was steep. Further, development at that time, and much development even now, can be characterized in much the same way as a Digital Equipment Corporation employee once described his company before its reorganization a few years ago: 1500 individual garages under one roof. That is, there was relatively little communication among developers, and this led to considerable duplication of efforts.

An Expert System Construction Approach to CAI Development

AbstractComputer-assisted instruction (CAI) has long been used to facilitate teaching and learning in academic institutions. The slow growth in the use of CAI can be attributed to a number of factors. Paramount among these are the lack of intelligence in most traditional CAI, and the lack of very high-level programming tools which allow experienced teachers to develop quality courseware quickly and comparatively inexpensively. This paper describes a prototype expert system construction environment for developing CAI programs having an expert system architecture. With such an environment, the development of a CAI program would entail merely the construction of a knowledge base for a subject domain. Examples are used to highlight certain features of the underlying CAI. Such an expert system approach to CAI development is cost-effective, and the underlying CAI has innovative applications in the educational arena and can forgo some of the drawbacks of traditional CAI.

Techniques of Formative Evaluation for CAI Courseware Design and Development

Techniques of Formative Evaluation for CAI Courseware Design and Development

Authoring Languages/Systems Comparisons

AbstractAuthoring Languages and Systems (AL/S) are being marketed to K-12 educators with hopes that teachers will use them to develop their own CAI. Because the literature has not addressed the use of AL/S in K-12 settings (they only recently have been made available to K-12 educators), there is a need to examine the AL/S and how teachers are using them. This article describes twelve AL/S which are being marketed to K-12 teachers and compares their features. Also included in the article is a discussion of the probability of wide-spread use of AL/S in K-12 settings, the factors affecting the extent of their use, and some new approaches to CAI development tools.

Developing Educational Software for Publisher Vendors

This article has provided the principles of CAI development, marketing strategies, information on getting started with CAI, and how to approach publisher vendors. Guidelines for software development proposals have been synthesized from major software publishers in nursing. There is a great demand for courseware that teaches critical thinking skills, problem solving, application, and analysis. Tutorials and simulations are much needed. Computer-assisted testing courseware will also be highly used by teachers at all levels in the future. Opportunity awaits the CAI author in the publishing arena!