Cage Wall Research Articles

Oviposition Preferences of the Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Response to Various Potential Repellent and Attractant Plants.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a major polyphagous pest that mainly feeds on maize and other cash crops. Understanding S. frugiperda's behavior on different host plants facilitates the development of effective integrated pest management (IPM) plans. Therefore, this study investigated the oviposition preferences of S. frugiperda females among different host plants using no-choice, two-choice, and multiple-choice bioassays. In no-choice bioassays, para grass, Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) (Poales: Poaceae); maize, Zea mays (L.) (Poales: Poaceae); and napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum (Schumach) (Poales: Poaceae) were identified as highly attractive, while sweet sorghum, Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) (Poales: Poaceae); sunhemp, Crotalaria juncea (L.) (Fabales:Fabacea); Egyptian clover, Trifolium alexandrinum (L.) (Fabales:Fabacea); desmodium, Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) (Fabales:Fabacea); natal grass, melinis repens (Zizka) (Poales: Poaceae); molasses grass, Melinis minutiflora (P.Beauv.) (Poales: Poaceae); and mung bean, Vigna radiata (R. wilczek) (Fabales: Fabaceae) exhibited reduced oviposition effects. Two-choice bioassays revealed different levels of attractiveness and repellency among different plant combinations. In multiple-choice bioassays, mimicking an intercropping scenario, differences in the number of eggs and egg mass were observed for M:S:D:W (maize, sunhemp, desmodium, and cage wall), S:D:M:W (sunhemp, desmodium, maize, and cage wall), and D:M:S:W (desmodium, maize, sunhemp, and cage wall). This study provides insights into the egg-laying preferences of S. frugiperda females among different host plants, valuable for the management of S. frugiperda. This encourages further research and further identification of novel repellent and attractant host plants, which will ultimately contribute to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly crop production practices and techniques.

Survival, Growth, and Food Resources of Juvenile Sea Cucumbers Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) in Co-Culture with Shellfish in Brittany (France).

We conducted experiments with various growing conditions, both at sea and indoors, to explore the growth potential of Holothuria (Panningothuria) forskali Delle Chiaje, 1823 juveniles. Sea trials involved co-culture with European abalones (EA) or placement underneath European flat oysters (EO) or Pacific oysters (PO), using juveniles of 6-8 g initial weight. In sea-based conditions around summer (Apr-Sep), sea cucumbers grew best in EO at 0.94% d-1, followed by EA (0.88% d-1), both being in deep water (8-12 m), while sea cucumbers in the foreshore of a mega-tidal environment (PO) had the lowest growth (0.24% d-1). The indoor trial (IM) was performed with smaller individuals (≈0.3 g) and yielded a remarkable growth of 2.76% d-1 during summer (May-Sep). All experiments resulted in high survival rates, exceeding 80%. Additionally, we analysed fatty acid, amino acid, and stable isotope compositions of sea cucumbers' body walls, along with the pigment composition of their stomach contents. These analyses provided evidence that juveniles had distinct diets in each rearing condition, all differing from the diet of adults found in the wild. Our results also demonstrate that sea cucumbers do not compete for food resources in the shellfish production, which is crucial for their integration into multi-trophic aquaculture systems. However, whether sea cucumbers may have benefitted from the organic matter from shellfish faeces and pseudofaeces and/or grew on the biofilm growing on the cage walls remains to be elucidated.

Automatic Identification of Pangolin Behavior Using Deep Learning Based on Temporal Relative Attention Mechanism.

With declining populations in the wild, captive rescue and breeding have become one of the most important ways to protect pangolins from extinction. At present, the success rate of artificial breeding is low, due to the insufficient understanding of the breeding behavior characteristics of pangolins. The automatic recognition method based on machine vision not only monitors for 24 h but also reduces the stress response of pangolins. This paper aimed to establish a temporal relation and attention mechanism network (Pangolin breeding attention and transfer network, PBATn) to monitor and recognize pangolin behaviors, including breeding and daily behavior. There were 11,476 videos including breeding behavior and daily behavior that were divided into training, validation, and test sets. For the training set and validation set, the PBATn network model had an accuracy of 98.95% and 96.11%, and a loss function value of 0.1531 and 0.1852. The model is suitable for a 2.40 m × 2.20 m (length × width) pangolin cage area, with a nest box measuring 40 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm (length × width × height) positioned either on the left or right side inside the cage. A spherical night-vision monitoring camera was installed on the cage wall at a height of 2.50 m above the ground. For the test set, the mean Average Precision (mAP), average accuracy, average recall, average specificity, and average F1 score were found to be higher than SlowFast, X3D, TANet, TSN, etc., with values of 97.50%, 99.17%, 97.55%, 99.53%, and 97.48%, respectively. The recognition accuracies of PBATn were 94.00% and 98.50% for the chasing and mounting breeding behaviors, respectively. The results showed that PBATn outperformed the baseline methods in all aspects. This study shows that the deep learning system can accurately observe pangolin breeding behavior and it will be useful for analyzing the behavior of these animals.

Rainfall during the night can trigger non-migratory take-off behavior of the white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera.

Take-off behavior is crucial to the overall success of insect migration. Although most high-altitude migratory flights commence with mass take-offs around dusk and dawn, little is known about nighttime take-off behavior. The take-off behavior of migratory Sogatella furcifera was investigated in field cages from 2017 to 2019. The species showed a bimodal take-off pattern at dusk and dawn on rainless nights, with mass flight at dusk more intense than dawn flight. However, a higher frequency of take-offs during the nighttime was observed on rainy nights, resulting in the absence of dawn take-offs. Most migratory take-off individuals at dusk and dawn landed on the cage top or the walls above 150cm, while non-migratory individuals that took off during the nighttime due to rainfall mainly landed on the cage walls below 150cm. Furthermore, it has been observed that migratory take-off individuals possess stronger sustained flight capabilities and exhibit more immature ovaries compared with non-migratory take-offs. These findings advance our understanding of the take-off behavior of S. furcifera and thus provide a basis for the accurate prediction and management of the migratory dynamics of this pest.

Substrate scope driven optimization of an encapsulated hydroformylation catalyst.

Caged complexes can provide impressive selective catalysts. Due to the complex shapes of such caged catalysts, however, the level of selectivity control of a single substrate cannot be extrapolated to other substrates. Herein, the substrate scope using 41 terminal alkene substrates is investigated in the hydroformylation reaction with an encapsulated rhodium catalyst [Rh(H)(CO)3(P(mPy3(ZnTPP)3))] (CAT1). For all substrates, the amount of branched products formed was higher with CAT1 than with the unencapsulated reference catalyst [Rh(H)(CO)2(P(mPy3))2] (CAT2) (linear/branched ratio between 2.14 and 0.12 for CAT1 and linear/branched ratio between 6.22 and 0.59 for CAT2). Interestingly, the level of cage induced selectivity depends strongly on the substrate structure that is converted. Analysis of the substrate scope combined with DFT calculations suggests that noncovalent interactions between the substrate moieties and cage walls play a key role in controlling the regioselectivity. Consequently, these supramolecular interactions were further optimized by replacing the ZnTPP building block with a zinc porphyrin analog that contained OiPr substituents on the meta position of the aryl rings. The resulting caged catalyst, CAT4, converted substrates with even higher branched selectivity.

In-Situ Dehydration Test of Shield Spoil in Mudstone and Pebble Soil Composite Stratum

When earth pressure balance (EPB) shield machine is driving in mudstone sand pebble composite stratum, it will produce a large amount of spoil with high water content. The high moisture content of spoil not only increases the difficulty and cost of transportation, but also easily leads to environmental pollution problems. In this paper, based on the shield tunnel project of Chengdu Metro Line 30, the hydraulic characteristic of shield spoil was tested, and on this basis, laboratory tests of shield spoil dehydration were carried out according to the designed precipitation scheme. The results show that: 1) The moisture content of the EPB shield spoil in the mudstone sand pebble composite stratum is as high as 55.2%, and its permeability coefficient is basically the same as that of silt, and the shield residue has the condition of in-situ dehydration. 2) The dehydration amount and residue moisture content of spoil in slope-type spoil pit showed a linear relationship with time, and the dehydration rate is slow and the total precipitation is less. In other schemes, the dehydration amount and water content of spoil increase rapidly in the first 24 hours and slowly in the later period. 3) Considering the total amount and speed of dehydration within 24 hours, the dehydration effect of spoil pit is ranked from high to low: 3D gravel cage wall spoil pit > 3D spoil pit with vacuum pumping > 3D permeable stone spoil pit > 3D spoil pit > Slope-type spoil pit. 4) 3D gravel cage wall spoil pit has high dewatering efficiency, and vacuum pumping can assist the discharge of water. It is recommended to use 3D gravel cage wall spoil pit and vacuum pumping scheme for on-site EPB tunnel spoil dewatering.

Data repurposing from digital home cage monitoring enlightens new perspectives on mouse motor behaviour and reduction principle

In this longitudinal study we compare between and within-strain variation in the home-cage spatial preference of three widely used and commercially available mice strains—C57BL/6NCrl, BALB/cAnNCrl and CRL:CD1(ICR)—starting from the first hour post cage-change until the next cage-change, for three consecutive intervals, to further profile the circadian home-cage behavioural phenotypes. Cage-change can be a stressful moment in the life of laboratory mice, since animals are disturbed during the sleeping hours and must then rapidly re-adapt to a pristine environment, leading to disruptions in normal motor patterns. The novelty of this study resides in characterizing new strain-specific biological phenomena, such as activity along the cage walls and frontality, using the vast data reserves generated by previous experimental data, thus introducing the potential and exploring the applicability of data repurposing to enhance Reduction principle when running in vivo studies. Our results, entirely obtained without the use of new animals, demonstrate that also when referring to space preference within the cage, C57BL/6NCrl has a high variability in the behavioural phenotypes from pre-puberty until early adulthood compared to BALB/cAnNCrl, which is confirmed to be socially disaggregated, and CRL:CD1(ICR) which is conversely highly active and socially aggregated. Our data also suggest that a strain-oriented approach is needed when defining frequency of cage-change as well as maximum allowed animal density, which should be revised, ideally under the EU regulatory framework as well, according to the physiological peculiarities of the strains, and always avoiding the “one size fits all” approach.

Bimetallic selenide nanocages covered by carbon layer deliver high rate performance for sodium ion storage

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been acknowledged as a particularly promising supplement to lithium-ion batteries, thanks to the abundant sodium resources, geographically-wide distribution and low cost. However, the large volume expansion hence poor structural stability of the anode in the Na+ insertion/deinsertion process severely compromises the rate performance of SIBs. Herein, we report the hierarchical, hollow structured nanocages of nickel-cobalt bimetallic selenide covered by nitrogen-doped carbon shell (NiCo3Se4@NC) as anode material for SIB. The hollow structure and the abundant holes on the cage walls greatly shorten the transfer distance for Na+ ions and buffer the volume expansion during the Na+ storage process. The bimetallic form expands the lattice spacing meanwhile increase the density of states near Fermi level. Moreover, the highly-conductive NC shell further benefits the charge transfer and structural stability upon Na+ storage, and promotes the cycle stability. As a result, surface-responsive capacitive-dominated kinetic process is revealed from the NiCo3Se4@NC anode, delivering a high reversible capacity of 416 mAh/g−1 at a current density of 0.05 A/g−1 and 314 mAh/g−1 at 2 A/g−1. This work proposes an efficient strategy to substantially increase the rate performance and cycle stability of SIBs.

Postnatal injection of Reelin protein into the cerebellum ameliorates the motor functions in reeler mouse

Reelin is a large secreted protein important for brain development and functions. In both humans and mice, the lack of Reelin gene causes cerebellar hypoplasia and ataxia. Treatment against Reelin deficiency is currently unavailable. Here, we show that the injection of recombinant Reelin protein into the cerebellum of Reelin-deficient reeler mice at postnatal day 3 ameliorates the forelimb coordination and mice are noted to stand up along cage wall more frequently. A mutant Reelin protein resistant to proteases has no better effect than the wild-type Reelin. Such ameliorations were not observed when a mutant Reelin protein that does not bind to Reelin receptors was injected and the injection of Reelin protein did not ameliorate the behavior of Dab1-mutant yotari mice, indicating that its effect is dependent on the canonical Reelin receptor–Dab1 pathway. Additionally, a Purkinje cell layer in reeler mice was locally induced by Reelin protein injection. Our results indicate that the reeler mouse cerebellum retains the ability to react to Reelin protein in the postnatal stage and that Reelin protein has the potential to benefit Reelin-deficient patients.

3D skeletal porous nanocage of ternary metallic oxide with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption

With the development of radio technologies, great efforts have been made to manufacture high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers for electronic information security, anti-reconnaissance stealth and human health protection. Reaching both excellent impedance matching and electromagnetic (EM) energy dissipation at the same time is still a challenge for EMW absorption materials. In this study, a 3D skeletal porous nanocage structure made from Co-Fe-Ni ternary metal oxide (CFN-TMO) was designed to simultaneously improve the impedance matching and guarantee sufficient EM energy dissipation of the EMW absorber. The integrity of the 3D skeletal nanocage structure and pore size on the cage wall can be tailored by the calcination temperature to optimize its EMW absorption capability. With a suitable pore size and complete skeleton structure, the best performance of the nanocage reaches a high reflection loss (RL) of −67.2 dB and an ultra-wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 8.2 GHz. The outstanding EMW absorption performance is mainly attributed to the nanocage structure, which can optimize the impedance matching and trigger multiple reflections of the EMWs. The skeleton constructed with the Co-Fe-Ni ternary metal oxide can improve the EMW dissipation by introducing a large number of interfaces, lattice defects and oxygen vacancies. This work reveals a nanostructure design route for optimizing the impedance matching, which can greatly increase the EMW absorption and provide important guidelines for the design and fabrication of lightweight and high-performance EMW absorption nanomaterials.

Comparative evaluation of the environmental impacts of geosynthetic Mechanically Stabilized Earth walls

Integrating sustainable approaches in all the engineering fields became mandatory for better life and future. This article explains the comparative advantages of Geosynthetic Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls over four other conventional types (Plain Concrete Gravity walls; Reinforced Concrete Cantilever walls; Masonry Brick walls; and Gabion Limestone Cage walls) from a sustainability perspective over various heights. The study comprises a detailed life cycle assessment (LCA) following the ISO 14040 and 14044 frameworks. The results revealed that constructing MSE walls rather than the other conventional walls contributes to 10 of the 17 United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). GaBi's software and embedded database were utilized for the first time in such an assessment. The article demonstrated that the construction of gravity walls requires large amounts of cement/concrete, which emit a significant amount of geogenic CO2. In contrast, the construction of MSE walls requires considerably less concrete and more backfill. The construction of cantilever walls requires less concrete than gravity, yet more than MSE walls for their construction. The structure of masonry walls was found to have less impact on the environment than the construction of comparable gravity and cantilever walls. The benefits of MSE walls over conventional walls increased with increasing wall height. The significant benefit comes from using soil backfill as the chief structural component rather than concrete. This article is deemed an essential step in achieving circularity and circular economy regarding sustainable earth fill retaining structures.

Tingkat Keberhasilan Inseminasi Buatan (IB) Berdasarkan Service Per Conception Sapi Limousin Di Kecamatan Pekalongan Kabupaten Lampung Timur

This research aims to knowing how the success rate of IB limousine cattle based on S/C in Pekalongan District, East Lampung Regency and knowing the factors that influence the success of IB based on S/C in Pekalongan District, East Lampung Regency. The method in this study is a survey method and data obtained by census, all Limousin Cattle that received IB services by the inseminator were used as samples. The success rate of IB limousine cattle in Pekalongan District, East Lampung Regency seen from the S/C in Limousine cattle was included in the normal range of 1.64. The factors that influence the S/C value in Limousine cattle are the BCS score has a positive association with S/C with a value of 0.364, age at first mated has a positive association with S/C with a value of 1.82, the age of the parent is negatively associated with S/C with a value of 1.82 (-0.215) and the shape of the cage wall was negatively associated with S/C with a value of (-0.0643).

Modelling torus behaviour in a fish farming cage

AbstractSince it is not usually possible to observe all of the fish in a school, it is difficult to monitor farmed fish in a crowded cage with the aim of scrutinising their condition. One possible solution to this problem is the use of simulations. The aim of this study is to simulate fish movement in a cage to be able to propose an optimal monitoring method based on limited observations made by instruments. In this study, we observed a Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) school in a fish cage at a fish farm and attempted to simulate their movement. The Yellowtail, while milling in a cage, forms a stable truncated cone‐shaped school. We successfully reproduced this shape of school by including the effects of negative phototropism and the hypothetical forces that fish experience from the cage wall, in addition to the forces of attraction, repulsion and orientation that have been postulated in previous studies. We also included the effect of intraspecific interaction. We hypothesise that longer fish exert a greater repulsive force on smaller fish. The results of our simulation suggest that the position of any fish in a school is thus a function of its length.

Electrocatalytic properties of scandium metallofullerenes for the hydrogen evolution reaction

Endohedral metallofullerenes (M n @C m ) with single metal atom or metal clusters encapsulated have been studied extensively due to their unique hybrid structures and novel properties in physics and chemistry. In this manuscript, we use density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the potential of scandium metallofullerenes as potential catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). By comparing a series of monometallofullernes, we found that scandium metallofullerenes are structurally stable, but possess inferior HER catalytic activity. We therefore propose using an endohedral scandium clusterfullerene (Sc n @C m ) to tune HER catalytic activity by optimizing van der Waals (VDW) interactions between the cluster and the carbon cage wall. Strikingly, two clusterfullerenes, Sc 6 @C 80 and Sc 10 @C 100 , exhibit excellent HER activity with Gibbs free energies of adsorbed hydrogen close to 0. Based on the analysis of charge density difference and the density of states, we explain the mechanism influencing the HER catalytic properties at the electronic level. • The Sc clusterfullerene has been explored as HER catalyst. • The structural stability and the HER activity are theoretically studied. • The high HER activity can be achieved by tuning the VDW interactions. • The high HER activity can be well explained by d-band center theory.

A Novel Test Rig for the Investigation of Ball Bearing Cage Friction

This article presents a novel experimental test rig for the investigation of friction between a ball and cage of a deep groove ball bearing (DGBB). The experimental apparatus was designed and developed to replicate the orientation and dynamics of a full bearing in steady-state operation while collecting measurements of cage friction. A six-axis load cell was used to record force and torque values generated due to a rotating ball inside of a rigidly fastened cage segment. The test rig can be set up in two different configurations to collect cage friction measurements: (a) A position control configuration where measurements of friction torque on the ball are collected for specific positions of the ball and the cage and (b) a load control configuration where a constant force is applied between the ball and the cage and a friction coefficient is calculated from the results. The test rig was used to investigate four different DGBB cage varieties: (a) a snap-on polymeric cage, (b) a low-profile polymeric cage, (c) a stamped steel cage, and (d) a machined brass cage. The friction performance of each cage type is shown to be related to the shape of the lubricating film between the ball and the cage wall. In addition, measurements of friction torque at specific positions provide insight into the mixture of oil and air inside the cage pockets. Friction coefficients from experiments in the load control configuration are shown to increase with speed and reduce with applied load for all four cage varieties.

Intensive longitudinal characterization of multidimensional biobehavioral dynamics in laboratory rats.

Rats have been used as animal models for human diseases for more than a century, yet a systematic understanding of basal biobehavioral phenotypes of laboratory rats is still missing. In this study, we utilize wireless tracking technology and videography, collect and analyze more than 130 billion data points to fill this gap, and characterize the evolution of behavior and physiology of group-housed male and female rats (n= 114) of the most commonly used strains (Lister Hooded, Long-Evans, Sprague-Dawley, and Wistar) throughout their development. The resulting intensive longitudinal data suggest the existence of strain and sex differences and bi-stable developmental states. Under standard laboratory 12-h light/12-h dark conditions, our study found the presence of multiple oscillations such as circatidal-like rhythms in locomotor activity. The overall findings further suggest that frequent movement along cage walls or thigmotaxic activity may be a physical feature of motion in constrained spaces, critically affecting the interpretation of basal behavior of rats in cages.

Traumatic thoracic rib cage and chest wall hernias: A review and discussion of management principles

Traumatic thoracic or chest wall hernias are relatively uncommon but highly challenging injuries that can be seen after a variety of injury mechanisms. Despite their description throughout history there remains scant literature on this topic that is primarily limited to case reports or series. Until recently, there also has been no effort to create a reliable grading system that can assess severity, predict outcomes, and guide the choice of surgical repair. The purpose of this article is to review the reported literature on this topic and to analyze the history, common injury mechanisms, likely presentations, and optimal management strategies to guide clinicians who are faced with these challenging cases. We also report a modified and updated version of our previously developed grading system for traumatic chest wall hernias that can be utilized to guide surgical management techniques and approaches.

Predominance of Cryptococcus neoformans Var. grubii in Ahvaz, Molecular Identification and Evaluation of Virulence Factors

Background: Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast pathogen with worldwide distribution, and the highest incidence of cryptococcosis was attributed to C. neoformans (var. grubii. The pathogenicity of Cryptococcus species is associated with several factors, including capsule and melanin production, growth at 37 ºC, and secretion of extracellular enzymes. Objectives: The present study aimed to isolate and identify Cryptococcus species from pigeon guano in Ahvaz, Iran and investigate important virulence factors in the isolates. Methods: Seventy-three isolates of C. neoformans var. grubii were identified based on classical and molecular microbiology methods. Capsule size was measured by the grow yeasts in the presence of 5% CO2. Specific media demonstrated the activity of extracellular enzymes (phospholipase, hemolysin, proteinase, esterase, urease, catalase, and gelatinase). Besides, melanin production was evaluated by the niger seed agar medium. Results: Two hundred and seventeen samples were examined for the presence of Cryptococcus over 165 days in Ahvaz. All tested isolates were contained capsules with variable sizes under 5% CO2 concentration. Moreover, 100% of isolates were produced extracellular enzymes (urease, hemolysin, and catalase), whereas no proteinase and gelatinase activities were observed among isolates. Furthermore, most isolates had phospholipase (93.1%) and esterase activities (86.3%). Also, melanin was produced by all of the isolates. Conclusions: Although two methods were used for recovery of Cryptococcus, only Cryptococcus was isolated from pigeon guano, and swabs from the cage walls were negative. Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii was the only species from pigeon droppings from Ahvaz with more pathogenic factors. Owing to the high pathogenicity of the isolates, the frequency of the disease is expected to be higher.

Cages’ farming foundation as a limiting factor in cultivation of sturgeon fish hybrids

The work experimentally confirmed the negative influence of fouling of cage structures on the growth and survival rates of reared young sturgeon hybrid — bester (Huso (Linnaeus, 1758) × Acipenser ruthenus (Linnaeus, 1758)). A significant decrease in growth and an increase in fish mortality in modules with a maximum biofouling area was noted. The possibility of using alternative cleaning methods in comparison with traditional mechanical and chemical ones has been investigated. The positive results of the experimental approbation of the author’s development — the practical application of a specially designed structure made of tarpaulin for the cage are given. The use of an easy-to-manufacture and operate device prevented active contamination of the cells, increased the efficiency of keeping fish, which is economically beneficial for commercial sturgeon growing in cages. In general, in fish farms located in a natural reservoir in the spring-summer period, the overgrowth of fodder bottoms and cage walls with filamentous algae has a strong negative effect on the cultivation of sturgeon fish. To optimize the fish-breeding process and reduce the number of algae during the period of their active growth on cages (the timing must be determined according to the conditions of a particular reservoir), special canvas covers should be used. This device will reduce the amount of sunlight entering the cage bottoms and slow down the growth of filamentous algae. To install this device on the cage, two workers are required, the approximate installation time (and, if necessary, dismantling) will be 20 minutes. To reduce the negative effect of algae fouling of the cage bed, measures should be taken to mechanically clean the stern bottoms and walls of the cage with high-pressure cleaning (washer) devices, after transplanting the cultivated objects into another fish hatchery

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI SERVICE PER CONCEPTION PADA SAPI KRUI DI KECAMATAN PESISIR SELATAN

Research on service per conception (S/C) of Krui Cattles in Pesisir Selatan Regency was carried out in December 2019 using two inseminators collection data, 75 farmers and 166 Krui Cattles that have been artificially inseminated. The purpose of this study was to determine: 1) the S/C value of Krui cattle in the Pesisir Selatan District, 2) the factors and its magnitude that influence the S/C of Krui cattle in Pesisir Selatan Regency. Data was analysed with multiple regression using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) programs. The results showed that the S/C value of Krui Cattles in Pesisir Selatan Regency was 1.53�0.71. The factors that affected the S/C value of Krui Cattless in Pesisir Selatan Regency were derived from the variable of farmers and livestock. At the farmer level the factors that influence wee the type of forage that is negatively associated with a factor of 0.229, the shape of the cage wall which is negatively associated with 0.287, and the sanitation of the cage that is negatively associated with 0.355. Factors influencing S/C values at the livestock level were negative associated body condition scores (BCS) of 0.429, age of first mated was negative associations of 0.039, and estrus postpartum negative associations of 0.118.
 Keywords: Factors and factors value, Service per conception, Krui cattle