Caesio Cuning Research Articles

High diversity and abundance of fish and coral in an artificial breakwater in Colombo, Sri Lanka

The diversity of reef fishes and the diversity and abundance of corals in artificial breakwaters were studied between June and August 2023 in Port City, Colombo in the Western Province of Sri Lanka. Four methods were used: visual census using video, photographs, stationary point count and environmental DNA (eDNA). A total of 137 fish species, 74 coral species and 175 other species were recorded using the four methods. There were similarities and differences between the methods for recording fish, corals and other species. Only three fish species: Moon wrasse (Thalassoma lunare); Yellowtail fusilier (Caesio cuning) and Diamond fish (Monodactylus argenteus) were recorded by all methods. The highest number of fish species was recorded by video, followed by photographs, eDNA and stationary point count in the sequence. Coral cover ranged from 9 to 50.8% and mean live coral varied from 24.4% to 34.5 ± 5.2%. The dominant coral species was Pocillopora damicornis. Rare observations of coral bleaching (n=1) and frequent observations of marine debris (n=20) and coral damage (n=25) were recorded. Species detection using eDNA is a biomonitoring tool that did not add significantly to the list of fish and corals, but included many microscopic groups such as bacteria, diatoms and ciliates that were not recorded using other methods, and provided new ecological insights into marine systems. This is the first use of multiple monitoring tools to identify and compare methods for the biodiversity of marine fish, coral and other species in Sri Lankan marine waters.

Biology reproduction and population dynamics of Caesio cuning (Family: Caesionidae) in Kendari Waters, Banda Sea, Indonesia

Abstract The Redbelly yellowtail fusilier with the local name Ekor Kuning (Caesio cuning) is a reef fish species found in the waters of the Indo-West Pacific. In Indonesia, it is an economically important fish and is dominantly caught by gill nets, traps and handlines. The intensity of fishing that is carried out continuously is feared to threaten the stock of the species in nature. In order to make its use sustainable, this study attempts to evaluate population dynamics and reproductive biology. The study was carried out in the Kendari waters of the Banda Sea, Indonesia, between April and December 2018. The findings indicated that this fish’s length distribution covered a range of 11,6-29,0 cm FL and the growth pattern was isometric with the length-weight relationship equation W=0,0206L3,0612. The spawning season peaked in November, and the sex ratio did not deviate considerably from 1:1. The length at first maturity (Lm = 21,73 cm FL) was longer than the length at first capture (Lc =15,5 cm FL) The VBGE for yellowtail was Lt = 30,45 [1 – e−0,89(t+0,171)]. The value of mortality due to capture (F = 2,19 per year) is greater than natural mortality (M = 0,44 per year). The exploitation rate (E) was recorded as 0,72 per year and the SPR value is 0,22 per year. Based on these parameters, it indicates that the level of exploitation of Caesio cuning in Kendari waters is in overfished so that management needs to be implemented by limiting the smallest fish size that can be caught and to reduce fishing operations during the spawning season.

Management of the frozen cunning fish (Caesio cunning) meatball products in UD. Family Food Gresik

Abstract Frozen food is the result of food processing using a method of lowering the temperature to freezing point which aims to extend the shelf life of food products. Initially, frozen food products were created for someone who was unable, unwilling, or had no time to prepare food for themselves, but people’s lifestyles have changed from conventional to modern. The aimed of this research was to find out the Personal Hygiene of workers in the cunning fish (Caesio cuning) meatball production and identification of its dangers at UD. Family Food Gresik. The work method used is a descriptive method by collecting primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by active participation, observation and interviews. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained through library research and other supporting data/information/information. Process of processing fish meatballs at UD. Family Food overall was in compliance. Every stage of processing had implemented Personal Hygiene for its workers, and identified the dangers in each processing process quite well.

Bubu Sebagai Alat Tradisional Penangkap Ikan Yang Efektif dan Ekonomis Bagi Nelayan

Bubu is a non-selective fishing gear that the types of fish caught were varied, especially demersal. From several fishing gears, bubu are high economic value so that the demand for fishery resource products is increased by it. The purpose of this study was to determine the construction of fishing gear, composition, and effectiveness of fish caught using bubu. This research conducted in March-April 2022 at Tanjungpandan Nusantara Fishery Port (PPN) Belitung Regency. Descriptive analysis used in this method by interviewes with fisherman who used bubu. Determination the number of respondents using the census method with total number interviewed as many as 46 fisherman. Methods to determine the effectiveness of bubu fishing can be seen from the type of main catch, production per trip, fishing area, and gear construction. The results obtained from this study are that the bubu has a fishing gear construction consisting of a body frame using wood and rattan, mouth frame using wire height with of 100-155 cm, lenght of 60-165 cm, width of 20-85 cm and has an outer mouth diameter of 30-50cm, mouth width of 10-25 cm, while the inside diameter of mouth is 20 cm with mesh size of 3 cm. There are 14 types of fish caught in the bubu, such us Siganus guttatus, Gnathanodon speciosus, Lethrinus letjan, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Abalites stellatus, Lutjanus vittus, Caesio cuning, scarus ghoban, Epinephelus areolatus, Diagrama pictum, Lutjanus erythropterus, Plectropanus leoparius, Sphyaerana baraccuda, Carangoides plagiotaenia. The composition of main catch catch is 99.75%, by catch 0.25%. The effectiveness of trap fishing gear gets a score of 80%. So that the use of traps has been effective for use

RESTORASI EKOSISTEM PADANG LAMUN MELALUI TEKNOLOGI BIO-FADs TREE DENGAN BAHAN DASAR RUMPUT LAUT PADA PERIKANAN DEMERSAL

Coastal water ecosystems in general have experienced damage as a result of fishing that is not environmentally friendly. This unfriendly fishing causes the fish's feeding grounds to be damaged so that fishing activities in coastal areas need to involve fishing aids to collect fish. The fishing aids implemented are in accordance with the fishing objectives to be achieved. The implementation of fishing aids aims to attract attention and bring fish to the area where the attractor is installed, making it easier to catch. One of the fishing aids used is Biological Fish Aggregating Devices (Bio-FADs Tree) or live FADs equipped with Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed which acts as an attractor to attract fish so they can be easily caught. This service is carried out in Mamuju waters for the purpose of catching demersal fish. The service is carried out using trap fishing equipment. The results of the service showed that the catches obtained were Pink ear emperor (Lethrinus lentjan), Redbelly yellowtail fusilier (Caesio cuning), Streaked spinefoot (Siganus javus), batik Vermiculated spinefoot (Siganus vermiculatus) and Orange-spotted spinefoot (Siganus gutattus), White-spotted spinefoot (Siganus canaliculatus), and Surf parrotfish (Scarus rivulatus). All of the catches are fish of important economic value

Assessment of habitat and reef fish population characteristics in Pari Island cluster waters Seribu Archipelago Indonesia

The Pari Island Cluster, located on the Southside of the Seribu Archipelago, is bordered by Jakarta and Tangerang Regency is covered Pari, Kudus, and Tikus Islands. The Pari Island cluster has potential ecosystems, such as coral reefs, seagrass, and mangrove. The presentation of this article is an overview of the results of research conducted by the Research Institute for Marine Fisheries and the Research Institute for Fisheries Enhancement, The Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources. This study aims to present and describe habitat and reef fish populations. The assessment result shows that the criteria for the coral reefs’ health were poor to good, mostly moderate, the best in the southeast and northeast waters, which had been designated MPAs. Reef fish population density on the criteria was very rare or low at all observation sites. The dominant group was Caesio cuning, Cephalopholis boenak, Scarus ghobban (target group), and Chaetodon octofasciatus (indicator group). The implementation hopes Pari Island Cluster waters would expand to be designated MPAs due to the large number of care areas used for fishing territories.

Percentage of the bycatch and discard composition in artisanal bottom trap fisheries

Data on bycatch in the fishing effort required to manage fisheries resources. Unfortunately, the data on small-scale and traditional fisheries is still lacking. It makes it challenging to make fishing policies and regulations. Survey activities and experimental fishing were conducted to determine and analyze the composition of the main catch, bycatch and discarded by the local fisher's bottom traps in Sibolga, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Five units of the trap with a size of 150 cm x 100 cm x 50 cm (length x width x height) were used to collect fish data. These five trap units operated in the fishing ground, where local fishers usually operate their fishing gear. The fishing operation carried out within 1 mile of the coastline with water depths ranging from 7-10 meters. The duration of trap setting around 5-7 days for each fishing operation. A motorboat operated with a weight of 5.8 GT. The results showed that the total bottom trap catch consisted of 329 individuals with a total weight of 151.4 kg and 12 demersal fish species. The main catch was 148 individuals (88.9 kg), or 44.7% of the total catch during the experiment i.e. Chepalapholis urodeta, Ephinephelus areolatus, Epinephelus chlorostigma, Plectropomus leopardus, Ephinepelus coioides, Lates calcarifer, Lutjanus malabaricus, and Lutjanus erytropterus. The bycatch was 151 individuals (57.1 kg) or 46.1% i.e. Lethrinus obsoletus, Lutjanus ehrenbergii, Acanthurus auranticavus, Platax teira, Nemipterus japonicus, Scarus rivulatus, Lutjanus johnii, Siganus canaliculatus, Caesio cuning, and Taeniura lymma.While the discarded catch amounted to 30 individuals (5.4 kg) or 9.2% i.e. Naso brevirostris, Diodon holocanthus, and Diadema setosum. The bycatch utilization obtained by fishers was 83.4%, and the unutilized was 16.6%. The percentage of fish sizes worthy for consumption was 135 individuals (74.6%), and the size unworthy for consumption was 46 individuals (25.4%).Keywords:Fishing groundFishing gear Fishing operation Main catchTrap

Lunar cycle and reproductive activity of Redbelly yellowtail fusilier, Caesio cuning in Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia

Abstract. Ayodya FP, Wijayanti DP, Sabdono A. 2021. Lunar cycle and reproductive activity of Redbelly yellowtail fusilier, Caesio cuning in Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3075-3082. Redbelly yellowtail fusilier (Caesio cuning) is known as fish that has been widely distributed among Southeast Asian countries. Fishers in Indonesia especially target the species, causing the scarcity and depletion of the catch in many fisheries areas each year. One of the priority aspects in improving fisheries management in conservation areas is information regarding reproductive activities. Many reports suggested that the lunar cycle affects the reproductive activity of fishes. However, none of the studies reported on the effect of lunar cycle on the reproductive activity of C. cuning. This study aimed to explain the lunar cycle effect on the reproductive activity of C. cuning through gonadosomatic index (GSI), viscerosomatix index (VSI), and the observation of oocyte conditions. There were 374 individual fishes collected from Nyamuk Island, Karimunjawa from September to November 2020. Samples were taken in each phase and between major phase of the moon (new, first quarter, full, last quarter) during two lunar cycles. The results point out mature gonad (stage IV and V) was present around the new moon. The peak of female GSI occurred around the last quarter moon with figures 6.12 and 5.51% respectively. The condition of the mature oocyte and ovulation were present around the last quarter and the new moon. The condition indicates imminent spawning.

The effect of metabolic phenotype on sociability and social group size preference in a coral reef fish

AbstractAlthough individuals within social groups experience reduced predation risk and find food patches more consistently, there can be competition for food among groupmates. Individuals with a higher standard metabolic rate (SMR) may be less social, to prioritize food acquisition over defense, while a greater maximum metabolic rate (MMR) may modulate sociability through increased competitive ability. Therefore, in theory, individuals with a higher SMR may prefer smaller groups and those with greater MMR may prefer larger groups. We examined links among metabolic phenotype, sociability, and choice of group size in the redbelly yellowtail fusilierCaesio cuning. Individuals were exposed to three association tests: (a) a choice between two fish or zero fish; (b) a choice between five fish or zero fish; and (c) a choice between two fish and five fish. The first two tests quantified sociability while the third measured relative group size choice. Although there was no link between SMR and sociability, fish with a higher MMR were more social than those individuals with a lower MMR. While no correlation was found between MMR and group size choice, there was weak evidence that, if anything, individuals with a higher SMR preferred larger groups, contrary to our hypothesis. AsC.cuningis an active fish that spends a large proportion of time operating above SMR, this result could suggest that the links between sociability and SMR may shift depending on a species’ routine behavior. Links between sociability and MMR may arise if competitive ability allows individuals to obtain resources within groups. Although metabolic traits had no significant influence on group size choice, variation in food availability or predation risk could alter the effects of metabolism on group size choice.

First distributional record of sixteen Coral associated fish species from Saint Martin’s island, Bangladesh

The Bangladeshi reef fish species have not been studied thoroughly. An attempt has been made for taxonomic identification of coral-associated fish through morphological studies. Mostly dead and few live fishes were collected from local fishermen, fish landing zone, and fish markets in St. Martin’s Island, Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, from October 2015 to July 2016, visiting seven times. Samples were also obtained from local boys who collected fishes by using hook and line. The study recorded the first occurrence of 16 coral-associated fish species such as Caesio cuning, Lethrinus ornatus, Upeneus suahelicus, Upeneus asymmetricus, Scarus taeniopterus, Scarus zufar, Bodianus neilli, Parapercis clathrata, Parapercis diplospilus, Pomadasys furcatus, Siganus fuscescens, Acanthopagrus berda, Gerres erythrourus, Lagocephalus spadiceus, Psettodes bennettii, and Heteroconger perissodon. Among them, Parapercis clathrata, Parapercis diplospilus belongs to the family Pinguipedidae before, no species was recorded under this family from Bangladesh and a rare and endemic species, Scarus zufar, of the Arabian Sea off Dhofar (Zufar), Oman in the Western Indian Ocean, was recorded for the first time in the Northern Indian Ocean in the northeastern part of Bay of Bengal. This study increased the number of coral-associated fish from 240 to 256 species and the number of families from 54 to 55 in the coral reef ecosystem of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.
 Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(2): 263-288, 2020

Thermal acclimation of tropical coral reef fishes to global heat waves.

As climate-driven heat waves become more frequent and intense, there is increasing urgency to understand how thermally sensitive species are responding. Acute heating events lasting days to months may elicit acclimation responses to improve performance and survival. However, the coordination of acclimation responses remains largely unknown for most stenothermal species. We documented the chronology of 18 metabolic and cardiorespiratory changes that occur in the gills, blood, spleen, and muscles when tropical coral reef fishes are thermally stressed (+3.0°C above ambient). Using representative coral reef fishes (Caesio cuning and Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus) separated by >100 million years of evolution and with stark differences in major life-history characteristics (i.e. lifespan, habitat use, mobility, etc.), we show that exposure duration illicited coordinated responses in 13 tissue and organ systems over 5 weeks. The onset and duration of biomarker responses differed between species, with C. cuning - an active, mobile species - initiating acclimation responses to unavoidable thermal stress within the first week of heat exposure; conversely, C. quinquelineatus - a sessile, territorial species - exhibited comparatively reduced acclimation responses that were delayed through time. Seven biomarkers, including red muscle citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, blood glucose and hemoglobin concentrations, spleen somatic index, and gill lamellar perimeter and width, proved critical in evaluating acclimation progression and completion, as these provided consistent evaluation of thermal responses across species.

COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND TROPHIC STATUS OF REEF FISH IN NATUNA WATERS

A field research on reef fish-community structures in Natuna waters was carried out in November 2015. This research aimed to obtain the trophic composition of reef fishes and its correlation to diversity, density, and biomass. Underwater visual census on several transect areas was used to collect data. Results show that the identified reef fishes were about 100 species of target-reef fish belonging to 18 families and 23 species of indicator-reef fish of the Chaetodontidae family. The mean species number of target reef fish and indicator reef fish were 42 and 7 species, respectively. The mean density of the target reef fish and indicator reef fish were 0.4 and 0.05 individual per m2, respectively. The mean of the reef fish relative stock was 0.6 ton/ha. The composition of the herbivores mostly found in the resilient coral reefs r was 46.45 % and the omnivores and planktivores as marketable targeted fishes were 18.64 % and 14.28 %, respectively. The most predominant or major families were from herbivorous, carnivorous, planktivorous, and corallivorous fishes, including Scaridae (i.e. Scarus spp), Lutjanidae (i.e. Lutjanus spp.), Caesionidae (i,e. Caesio cuning and Pterocaesio caerulaurea), and Chaetodontidae (i.e. Chaetodon baronessa and Chaetodon octofasciatus). The results suggested that the community structures were quite prospectively implemented for fisheries; however, it may not be promising for coral resilience. Furthermore, the coral health status was at moderate level in regard to the high numbers of corallivorous butterflyfishes.

Contrasting effects of constant and fluctuating pCO2 conditions on the exercise physiology of coral reef fishes

Ocean acidification (OA) is predicted to affect the physiology of some fishes. To date, most studies have investigated this issue using stable pCO2 levels based on open ocean projections. Yet, most shallow, nearshore systems experience temporal and spatial pCO2 fluctuations. For example, pCO2 on coral reefs is highest at night and lowest during the day, but as OA progresses, both the average pCO2 and magnitude of fluctuations are expected to increase. We exposed four coral reef fishes – Lutjanus fulviflamma, Caesio cuning, Abudefduf whitleyi, and Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus – to ambient, stable elevated, or fluctuating elevated pCO2 conditions for 9–11 days. Then, we measured swimming performance, oxygen uptake rates, and haematological parameters during the day and at night. When compared to ambient pCO2 conditions, L. fulviflamma, C. cuning, and A. whitleyi exposed to fluctuating elevated pCO2 increased swimming performance, maximum oxygen uptake rates, and aerobic scope, regardless of time of day; whereas, the only nocturnal species studied, C. quinquelineatus, decreased maximum oxygen uptake rates and aerobic scope. Our findings suggest that exposure to fluctuating or stable elevated pCO2 can physiologically benefit some coral reef fishes; however, other species, such as the cardinalfish examined here, may be more sensitive to future OA conditions.

The quality of yellow tail fish (caesio cuning) with mobile sales system at Makassar City

This study aims to determine the feasibility of consumption of yellow tail fish mobile sales system at Makassar city with physical test parameters (temperature and pH), organoleptic tests, chemical tests (TVB and peroxide numbers), and microbiological tests (TPC and Coliform) and to determine the relationship between time and test parameters. The study was conducted by survey method. Analyzed date using Anova, then the results of significant analysis were further tested using the LSD test to determine differences between points of sale. Relationships between parameters measured were then analyzed using regression. The results showed that the quality of yellow tail fish that mobile sales system to the end point of sale (12.00 pm) was less fresh but was still suitable for consumption with testing parameters of organoleptic value of 6.73, TPC 4.32×105 cfu/g, Coliform bacteria 4, 50 × 102 APM/g, TVB content of 19.93 mgN/100g, and content of peroxide number 23.91 mEq/kg. And the relationship between time and testing parameters in yellow tail fish, the longer time the sale of fish central temperature, TPC, Coliform bacteria, TVB levels and peroxide content in yellow tail fish increased while organoleptic values and pH of fish decreased.

Jajanan sehat bagi anak-anak berorientasi pangan fungsional berbahan dasar ikan laut

The purpose of this study was to study the characteristics of caught marine fish at the study site, and to apply the marine fish caught at the study site in the form of healthy snacks, specifically children's snacks. The results of this study indicate that 15 species of fish caught in the Madura strait were 15 types, namely Talang-Talang (Queenfish), Tongkol Lurik (Euthynnus affinis), Tenggiri (Scomberomorus ommerson), Mackerel Board (Scomberomorus, Alu-Alu (Sphyraena barracuda), Banyar (Rastreligger kanagurta), White Kakap (L. calcarifer), Red Kakap (Lutjanus spp.), Belanak (Valamugil seheli), Yellow Tail (Caesio cuning), Selar Como (Alepes djeddaba), Babu Nyai (Plectorhinchus spp.), Black Bawal (P. niger), White Bawal (P. argenteus), and Ketang-Ketang (Epane punctata). The fat content of the marine catch is between 0,43 - 14,36% and total fatty acids of 0,02-2,26 g / 100 g of fish meat. The results of the second phase of the study, engineering of healthy fish-based snacks carried out in 2 forms, namely modern snacks (13 types) and traditional snacks (11 types). The organoleptic results of the favorite test inform that modern snacks: Bitter ballen and churry burger: very preferred, snacks breaded fish, pastel, scallop, nugget, siomay, fish cakes, burgers, stick fish, and shi kebab: ranged from like to very preferred, fish meatball snacks: ranged from ordinary to like, and ekado: not preferred. While the traditional empek-empek, kroket, lumpia (wet and fried), lemper: ranged from like to very preferred, condro snacks, pastel, arem-arem, onde-onde, otak-otak, and bakwan: ranged from disliked to ordinary.

A novel histozoic myxosporean, Enteromyxum caesio n. sp., infecting the redbelly yellowtail fusilier, Caesio cuning, with the creation of the Enteromyxidae n. fam., to formally accommodate this commercially important genus.

Gastrointestinal myxosporean parasites from the genus Enteromyxum are known to cause severe disease, resulting in high mortalities in numerous species of cultured marine fishes globally. Originally described as Myxidium spp., they were transferred to a new genus, Enteromyxum, to emphasize their novel characteristics. Their retention in the family Myxidiidae at the time was warranted, but more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses have since demonstrated the need for a new family for these parasites. We discovered a novel Enteromyxum in wild fish from Malaysia and herein describe the fourth species in the genus and erect a new family, the Enteromyxidae n. fam., to accommodate them. Enteromyxum caesio n. sp. is described infecting the tissues of the stomach in the redbelly yellowtail fusilier, Caesio cuning, from Malaysia. The new species is distinct from all others in the genus, as the myxospores although morphologically similar, are significantly smaller in size. Furthermore, small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence data reveal that E. caesio is <84% similar to others in the genus, but collectively they form a robust and discrete clade, the Enteromyxidae n. fam., which is placed as a sister taxon to other histozoic marine myxosporeans. In addition, we describe, using transmission electron microscopy, the epicellular stages of Enteromyxum fugu and show a scanning electron micrograph of a mature myxospore of E. caesio detailing the otherwise indistinct sutural line, features of the polar capsules and spore valve ridges. The Enteromyxidae n. fam. is a commercially important group of parasites infecting the gastrointestinal tract of marine fishes and the histozoic species can cause the disease enteromyxosis in intensive finfish aquaculture facilities. Epicellular and sloughed histozoic stages are responsible for fish-to-fish transmission in net pen aquaculture systems but actinospores from an annelid host are thought to be necessary for transmission to fish in the wild.

New records of cucullanid nematodes from marine fishes off New Caledonia, with descriptions of five new species of Cucullanus (Nematoda, Cucullanidae)

Recent examinations of cucullanid nematodes (Cucullanidae) from marine fishes off New Caledonia, collected in the years 2004–2009, revealed the presence of the following five new species of Cucullanus Müller, 1777, all parasitic in Perciformes: Cucullanus variolae n. sp. from Variola louti (type host) and V. albimarginata (both Serranidae); Cucullanus acutospiculatus n. sp. from Caesio cuning (Caesionidae); Cucullanus diagrammae n. sp. from Diagramma pictum (Haemulidae); Cucullanus parapercidis n. sp. from Parapercis xanthozona (type host) and P. hexophtalma (both Pinguipedidae); and Cucullanus petterae n. sp. from Epinephelus merra (type host) and E. fasciatus (both Serranidae). An additional congeneric species, Cucullanus bioccai Orecchia et Paggi, 1987 was recorded from Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae, Mugiliformes) (first record in the Pacific Ocean) and Cucullanus sp. (only female) was found in Arothron manilensis (Tetraodontidae, Tetraodontiformes). Furthermore, two known cucullanid species, Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) branchiostegi (Yamaguti, 1941) in Branchiostegus wardi (Malacanthidae, Perciformes) (new host and geographical records) and Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) bodiani Moravec et Justine, 2019 in Bodianus busellatus (new host) and B. perditio (both Labridae, Perciformes), were found; Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) sp. (only females) coinfecting the latter host may represent an unknown species. Most species are described based on light and electron microscopical studies. The specimens described by Xu et al., 2017 as Cucullanus bourdini Petter et Le Bel, 1992 from Caesio xanthonota (Caesionidae) in the Taiwan Strait are considered to represent a new species, for which the name Cucullanus sinensis n. sp. is proposed.

Short Communication: Application of artificial reefs for fisheries enhancement in Probolinggo, Indonesia

Abstract. Isroni W, Samara SH, Santanumurti MB. 2019. Short Communication: Application of artificial reefs for fisheries enhancement in Probolinggo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2273-2278. Overfishing is one of the biggest challenges in the fisheries sector in Probolinggo, Indonesia. The fish apartment (artificial reefs) was one of the solutions to increase the fish resource since it serves as the habitat for fish to live, spawn, and search for food. In this study, the fish apartment was installed in Probolinggo (Karang Katon and Dringu Beach) from 2017 to 2018. This study showed that five fish species (Caesio cuning, Acanthurus achilles, Acanthurus albipectoralis, Sphyraena jello, and Apagon novemfasciatus) were found in Karang Katon while four species (Chaetodon octofasciatus, Chromobotia macracanthus, Nemipterus japonicas, and Lates calcarifer) lived in Dringu Beach. From a total of 333 fishes, A. achilles was the species with the highest composition level of 51.65% (172) in Karang Katon station. In Dringu Beach station, C. octofasciatus had the highest fish species composition level of 46% (183) from a total of 402 fishes. The diversity index and dominance index in Karang Katon station were low at-1.280 and 0.343, respectively. The diversity index and dominance index in Dringu Beach station were also low at -1.115 and 0.3503. A. achilles had the highest density of 34.4 ind/m3 in Karang Katon station while C. octofasciatus had the highest species density of 36.6 ind/m3 in Dringu Beach Station. From this study, it could be concluded that artificial reefs application enhanced the fisheries in Probolinggo, Indonesia, and help its sustainability.

Using ecosystem approach indicators for assessing the ecological status of reef fisheries management in a marine protected area

Abstract. Yuliana E, Boer M, Fahrudin A, Kamal MM, Pardede ST. 2019. Using ecosystem approach indicators for assessing the ecological status of reef fisheries management in a marine protected area. Biodiversitas 20: 1802-1810. The purpose of this study was to assess the status of reef fisheries management in a marine protected area base on ecosystem approach indicators and to determine the tactical decisions required to improve management. The study site was in Karimunjawa National Park (KNP) Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia. Data were collected using survey and observation methods and included both primary and secondary data. Coral fish, which were the object of the study was Caesio cuning, Caesio caerulaurea, Plectropomus oligacanthus, and Parupeneus barberinus. Determination of the status of each ecosystem approach indicator was conducted using the flag model. Tactical decisions were necessary to improve the status of management indicators. The results indicated that the ecological status of reef fisheries management of KNP is at a moderate level with an achievement value of 62.75% Tactical decisions are necessary to push the ten indicators to achieve a better level. Three indicators still received a poor status, and the remaining (seven indicators) were within the moderate status. Therefore, the three indicators that need to be improved quickly are fish abundance, fishing gear modification, and fishing capacity.

KONDISI EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI LOKASI DAN BUKAN LOKASI PENYELAMAN PULAU MARATUA

Maratua Island lies in the Makassar Strait was a destination for marine tourism especially international divers. Currently, no activities in monitoring the effect of tourism is in place, and therefore, there is a need compare the condition of the dive sites and non-dive site as a proxy for the impact of diving to coral reefs. Nine locations in total representing dive and non-dive sites were observed. The result shows that the condition of dive sites and non-dive sites were generally the same, 48% (Good) and 43% (Good) respectively. Analysis using ANOVA single factor also shows that there is no significant difference between dive sites and non-dive sites (Fcrit= 1.36; F calc= 4.28, P&lt;0.05). This means that diving not yet posed a significant threat to the coral reefs in Maratua Island. Other animal were also being observed and the most abundant fish are Pterocaesio diagramma, Caesio cuning, and Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura.