Cadmium Ions In Aqueous Solutions Research Articles

Removal of Cd<sup>2+</sup> from Artificial Waste Using Natural Zeolite: Study on Adsorption Equilibrium

This study reports the removal of cadmium ions in aqueous solution as the artificial waste using natural zeolite as the adsorbent. Natural zeolite was characterized by using XRD (X – Ray Diffraction) and XRF (X-Ray fluorescence) analysis. The XRD results show that the natural zeolite derived from Klaten, Jawa Tengah, is mordenite type and the XRF results show that Si/Al ratio is 5.688 % (medium). A batch adsorption method is carried out at room temperature varied adsorbent dose. Equilibrium of adsorption data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. The values of the parameters constants for the Langmuir equation were qmax = -2.301 mg/g and KL = -1.00067 while the Freundlich equation were Kf = 3.999 and n = 0.845. It was found that the Freundlich adsorption model is better than the Langmuir isotherm model with high coefficient of determination. In this study, the removal efficiency for Cd2+ was 99.4 % for adsorbent dose of 70 g/L. It can be concluded that the natural zeolite of mordenite type is a very potential adsorbent for removal Cd2+. Therefore, the utilization of zeolite should to be encouraged in a larger scale especially in the environmental application.

Single and binary adsorption of lead and cadmium ions in aqueous solutions and river water by butylamine functionalized vermiculite: performance and mechanism

ABSTRACT Lead and cadmium are toxic to human, animal, and plant health; they enhance oxidative stress indirectly while simultaneously acting through other toxicodynamic mechanisms. In this study, pristine vermiculite (VER) was functionalized with butylamine (BUT) and a novel organoclay (BUT-VER) adsorbent material was produced for simultaneous removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in aquatic medium. The adsorbents were characterized by spectroscopic, microscopic, spectrometric, and potentiometric techniques. The adsorption affecting parameters, including pH, time, initial concentration, temperature, and co-existing cations were investigated and optimized. The kinetic data results were in better agreement with pseudo-second-order (PSO) model (R 2 > 0.992). Multiple isotherm models were used to study the adsorption system and results showed that adsorption was monolayer. The BUT-VER showed an improvement in adsorption capacity in a single system (Pb(II): from 134.2 to 160.6 mg g−1) and (Cd(II): from 51.1 to 58.9 mg g−1) while in binary system (Pb(II): from 107.3 to 114.5 mg g−1) and (Cd(II): from 33.7 to 39.7 mg g−1), respectively. Furthermore, BUT-VER was tested in real river water and removed efficiency of >99% was achieved in just 1 h. The dominant mechanisms were electrostatic attraction and complexation. BUT-VER was regenerated for five consecutive cycles and showed >90% removal efficiency. These findings suggest that the proposed inexpensive adsorbent has the potential for practical applications of toxic metals removal from water.

Electrochemically-assisted removal of cadmium ions by redox active Cu-based metal-organic framework

• Electrochemical capture and release of Cd 2+ were conducted using Cu-MOF-74. • Selective removal of Cd 2+ (>95%) was feasible under Na/Cd ~ 2 × 10 4 in molar ratio. • Redox of Cu within the MOF enables energy-efficient electrosorption/regeneration. • Excellent electrosorption (>100 mg/g) and regeneration (>90%) were achieved. An electrochemically-assisted wastewater treatment using Faradaic materials offers a promising technique for the selective removal of hazardous substances. Here, we demonstrate the reversible capture and release of cadmium ions in aqueous solutions, using a redox-active metal-organic framework (MOF) electrode. As-synthesized copper-based MOF (Cu-MOF-74; copper 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate) is a highly attractive candidate for Faradaic electrosorption due to its large surface area, water stability, and redox-active metal nodes. Our work demonstrates the reversible capture and release of Cd 2+ ions assisted by the electrochemical redox reaction of Cu 2+ /Cu + within the MOF structure. Combined material characterization and electrosorption tests were carried out to determine the operational conditions for maximizing adsorption capacity, energy efficiency, and material stability, thus leading to excellent electrosorption (>100 mg g −1 ) and regeneration efficiency (>90%). This study demonstrates the feasibility of leveraging MOFs containing redox-active metal nodes for the selective separation of toxic cations, and paves the way for promising future applications of these 3-D porous structures for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.

Cation exchange in a fluorescent zinc-based metal–organic framework for cadmium ion detection

A Zn metal–organic framework with a large aperture shows remarkable fluorescence characteristics for the detection of cadmium ions in aqueous solution and can adsorb CO2 and O2 selectively.

Metal-Organic Framework MIL-53(Fe): Synthesis, Electrochemical Characterization, and Application in Development of a Novel and Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Cadmium Ions in Aqueous Solutions

A metal-organic framework MIL-53(Fe) was successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. A synthesized MIL-53(Fe) sample was characterized, and results indicated that the formed MIL-53(Fe) was a single phase with small particle size of 0.8 μm and homogeneous particle size distribution was obtained. The synthesized MIL-53(Fe) has been used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by a drop-casting technique. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of the MIL-53(Fe)-modified GCE showed that the MIL-53(Fe) was successfully immobilized onto the GCE electrode surface and the electrochemical behavior of the GCE/MIL-53(Fe) electrode was stable. In addition, several electrochemical parameters of MIL-53(Fe)-modified GCE (GCE/MIL-53(Fe)) including the heterogeneous standard rate constant ( k 0 ) and the electrochemically effective surface area ( A ) were calculated. Obtained results demonstrated that the synthesized MIL-53(Fe) with the small particle size, highly homogeneous particle size, and high electrochemically effective surface area was able to significantly enhance the electrochemical response signal of the working electrode. Therefore, the GCE/MIL-53(Fe) electrode has been used as a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for cadmium ion (Cd(II)) monitoring in aqueous solution using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The response signal of the electrochemical sensor increased linearly in the Cd(II) ion concentration range from 150 nM to 450 nM with the limit of detection (LOD) of 16 nM.

Contributions and mechanisms of components in modified biochar to adsorb cadmium in aqueous solution

Recently, researchers have carried out a large number of studies on the adsorption of heavy metals by modified biochar, but there have been fewer explorations of the contributions and mechanisms of components in biochar composites on heavy metals adsorption. In this paper, the biochar was modified by Fe2+/Fe3+ and NaOH, and a further analysis of the adsorption of cadmium on the new biochar was conducted. It was found that (1) the adsorption capacity for cadmium of the modified biochar (M85) was 406.46 mg/g, which was 16 times that of the original biochar (C800); (2) the increased adsorption of cadmium onto the modified biochar had little correlation with the specific surface area, and the pure iron component was not the decisive factor for the huge adsorption capacity; and (3) the modified biochar was a kind of composite material with special construction, where the C-O-Fe structure that formed on its surface was the main reason for the sharp increase in adsorption. Among the iron components, iron oxides (Fe3O4, γ-Fe2O3 and Fe-O-Fe), iron-containing functional groups (-Fe-R-COOH and Fe-R-OH, etc.) and the mineral crystal XiFeYjOk reacted with the cadmium ion in aqueous solution to exchange, form complexes and precipitate, achieving the purpose of fixing the heavy metal. In addition, the aromatic structure C=Cπ can also adsorb Cd2+ to generate C=Cπ-Cd.

Low-cost novel silica@polyacrylamide composites: fabrication, characterization, and adsorption behavior for cadmium ion in aqueous solution

Pollution during rapid industrialization process is a serious environmental problem that seriously affects people's lives and livelihoods. Among them, the pollution of excessive heavy metals in wastewater has attracted wide attention. The current study proposes a novel effective and low-cost silica@polyacrylamide composites (SP-C) to capture cadmium ion (Cd2+) from wastewater contaminated by heavy metal. The chemical and physical properties of the surface and interior of silica@polyacrylamide composites were studied by different characterization methods. The adsorption capacity and kinetics of cadmium ions in aqueous solutions using silica@polyacrylamide composites were also studied, and some discussions about the mechanism of adsorption process were made. Silica@polyacrylamide composites showed enhanced cadmium ions adsorption with the maximum adsorption capacity of 211.86 mg/g (pH 6.5, T = 318.15 K), which was fitted by Langmuir model. The adsorption experimental kinetic data of silica@polyacrylamide composites could be excellently verified by pseudo-second-order model. Moreover, a comparison of the cost between the proposed silica@polyacrylamide composites and other reported adsorbents is provided. And the results indicate that the silica@polyacrylamide composites adsorption cost is 0.16 $/g cadmium ion, which means a promising cost-effective adsorbent for cadmium ion removing.

Modification of Styrofoam Waste as a Low-Cost Adsorbent for Removal of Cadmium Ion in Aqueous Solution

waste has been modified by sulfonation using sulfuric acid to form its corresponding sulfonated adsorbent and was further used for removing cadmium ion in its aqueous solution. The effect of the styrofoam weight, sulfuric acid concentration, temperature and time on the sulfonation result was evaluated. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The cadmium ion adsorption was conducted by batch technique, where the kinetic parameters were determined. The research results attribute that the sulfonated styrofoam has been successfully prepared, and the highest sulfonation is exhibited by using 18M of the sulfuric acid, at 60 oC for 6 h with 5 g of styrofoam. The cadmium adsorption by the sulfonated styrofoam fits with the pseudo-second-order and the Langmuir isotherm model, while the native styrofoam follows the intraparticle diffusion mechanism and Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption capacities of the sulfonated and the native styrofoam are 51.6 mg/g and 7.09 mg/g respectively, and their respective adsorption rate are 8.20 10-3 mg. g-1. min-1 and 26.9 10-3 mg.g-1 min-1/2 .

The Adsorption of Cadmium Ions on Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Particles

Geopolymer particles from waste coal fly ash were prepared in order to investigate adsorption process of Cadmium ions. The aim of the study is to focus on factors which affect adsorption process of heavy metals on geopolymer materials. The raw fly ash was mixed with sodium hydroxide solution and sodium silicate solution. After that geopolymer was cured at 80 °C for 24 hr. The sample was ground and washed until pH=7. The obtained geopolymer particles were dried at 60 oC. The raw materials and geopolymer were characterized. The XRD results showed a highly amorphous structure in obtained geopolymer. The major components of waste coal fly ash and synthesized geopolymer were SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and CaO. The BET surface area of fly ash and geopolymer particles were 0.83 m2/g and 85.01 m2/g, respectively. The adsorption conditions (initial concentration from 10-120 mg/L, temperature at 25-45 °C, pH of cadmium ions solution from 1-5, 0.02-0.14 g. of geopolymer and contact time for 5-180 min) were studied. From removal efficiency results, synthesized geopolymer had high removal capacity for cadmium ions (Cd2+). At pH 5 of solution, the highest Cd2+ removal capacity was obtained. In addition, the removal efficiency increases with an increasing geopolymer dosage, contact time and a decreasing of Cd2+ initial concentration. Moreover, both Langmuir and Freundlich models were investigated for studying adsorption isotherm. The result showed Langmuir model is more suitable for geopolymer adsorption of cadmium ion in aqueous solution than Freundlich model.

Effects of Cd(II) on the stability of humic acid-coated nano-TiO2 particles in aquatic environments.

The stability of nanoparticles (NPs) in aquatic environments is important to evaluate their adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Nanoparticle stability is known to be influenced by coexisting ions and dissolved organic matter. This study was designed to investigate the effects of coexisting low-level Cd(II) on the stability of humic acid-coated nano-TiO2 (HA-TiO2) particles in aquatic environments by measuring their aggregation kinetics through time-resolved dynamic light scattering (DLS) and monitoring suspended HA-TiO2 concentrations via optical absorbance changes over time. The particles exhibited aggregation behavior consistent with the classic Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. The results showed that Cd(II) concentration, pH, and ionic strength had various effects on the aggregation kinetics of the HA-TiO2 NPs. The HA-TiO2 particles aggregated faster as the Cd(II) concentration increased whereas the stability of the nanoparticles increased as the solution pH increased or ionic strength decreased regardless of the Cd(II) concentration. At the fixed pH and ionic strength conditions, the addition of Cd(II) promoted aggregation of nanoparticles, leading to higher attachment efficiencies. The enhanced aggregation of the HA-TiO2 NPs in the presence of coexisting cadmium ions in aqueous solutions indicated that the fate and transport of nanoparticles could be greatly affected by heavy metals in aquatic environments.

Preparation of the porphyrin-functionalized cotton fiber for the chromogenic detection and efficient adsorption of Cd2+ ions

In this study, a porphyrin functionalized cotton fiber was prepared and investigated for the visual detection and efficient adsorption of cadmium (Cd2+) ions in aqueous solutions. The pristine cotton fiber was first grafted with poly (3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt) (PSMP) via the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), and subsequently immobilized with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methy-4-pyridinio)porphyrin tetra(p-toluenesulfonate) (TMPyP), to form the CPT (Cotton-PSMP-TMPyP) material. The CPT was characterized by SEM, FTIR, XPS and elemental analysis, and examined for the detection and adsorption of cadmium ions. The influencing factors such as pH and the initial cadmium ion concentrations on the adsorption performances were investigated. Results showed that the cadmium ion adsorption isotherm was best fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model, with the derived maximum adsorption capacity of 0.8638mmol/g. The thermodynamic study showed the endothermic nature of the adsorption process. In addition, the adsorption kinetics was fast with over 90% of the total cadmium ions adsorbed within 2min. Furthermore, the distinctive color response of the CPT to the cadmium ions in aqueous solutions was clearly displayed. A linear relationship between the light absorbance of CPT-Cd (CPT adsorbed with cadmium ions) and the initial concentrations of cadmium ions was successfully established, which could be used for the fast determination of the cadmium ion concentrations in aqueous solutions.

A peptide-based fluorescent chemosensor for measuring cadmium ions in aqueous solutions and live cells.

A novel peptide fluorescent chemosensor (H2L) with a lysine backbone and both -NH2 sites conjugated with cysteine and dansyl groups has been designed and synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis with Fmoc chemistry. This chemosensor is a promising analytical tool for detecting Cd(2+) based on the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) effect by turn-on response in 100% aqueous solutions. As designed, H2L exhibits excellent cell permeation and low biotoxicity as well as displaying relatively high selectivity and sensitivity. The chemosensor penetrated live HeLa cells and detected intracellular Cd(2+) by turn-on response. The binding stoichiometry and affinity, interference test, pH sensitivity, fluorescence quantum yield, quantum mechanical calculations, lifetimes, and cytotoxicity of the chemosensor H2L to Cd(2+) were also investigated. Moreover, H2L exhibits low biotoxicity with a limit of detection (LOD) for Cd(2+) of about 52 nM, implying that H2L can be used as a highly selective and sensitive peptide fluorescent chemosensor in biological systems.

Solid Phase Extraction of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in Food, Soil, and Water Samples Based on 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol-Functionalized Organic–Inorganic Mesoporous Material with the aid of Experimental Design Methodology

An effective sorbent of 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol-functionalized mesoporous silica has been prepared to simultaneous separation and preconcentration of lead and cadmium ions in aqueous solution. Structural characterization of 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol-functionalized organic–inorganic hybrid mesoporous materials was conducted by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption measurement, X-ray diffraction, and elemental and thermal analysis, which confirmed the successful grafting of organic moiety on mesoporous silica. The affecting parameters on adsorption and desorption steps were optimized by Box-Behnken design through response surface methodology. Three variables (pH value, sorption time, and amount of the sorbent) were selected as the main factors affecting sorption step, while four variables (type of eluent, eluent volume, eluent concentration, and elution time) were selected for desorption step in the optimization study. The optimized values by this optimization method were 10 mg, 8 min, 6.3, HCl, 1.6 mL, 1.2 mol L−l HCl, and 10 min, for amount of sorbent, sorption time, pH of solution, type, volume, and concentration of the eluent, and elution time, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of the proposed method for lead and cadmium ions were found to be 0.9 and 0.04 μg L−1, respectively, while the relative standard deviation (RSD) for five replicate measurements was calculated to be <3 % for both ions. For proving that the proposed method is reliable, a wide range of food, soil, and water samples with different and complex matrixes was used.

Electroactive behavior assessment of poly(acrylic acid)‐graphene oxide composite hydrogel in the detection of cadmium

ABSTRACTSuper absorbent polymers of acrylic acid‐graphene oxide (PAA‐GO) were synthesized with different percentage of chemical neutralization (0, 10, and 20%) of the acrylic acid monomer before its polymerization. The influence of their swelling and adsorption/desorption capacity of cadmium ions in aqueous solutions were studied and revealed that the GO enables greater mechanical stability in the materials. The PAA hydrogels, with the same degrees of neutralization, were also prepared without GO to compare with the composites. Additionally, carbon paste electrodes (CPE) modified with the composites PAA‐GO were used to asses and compare their adsorption properties with cadmium(II). The anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) peak, in the differential pulse voltammetry mode, for cadmium oxidation was found to be influenced by the presence of GO into the polymer, and also by their percentage of neutralization. The accumulation of cadmium(II) on the surface of the modified CPEs was performed under open‐circuit conditions taking an account the preconcentration time of the metal cation. The presence of GO enhances the electrical signal of the electrodes in short times of immersion in cadmium(II) solutions. This property contributed to get linear responses of the CPEs modified with the composites, which were influenced by their degrees of neutralization. The PAA‐GO 10N electrode with 10% of neutralization combined the influence of GO and the degree of neutralization in the same matrix, and also showed good performance in terms of its mechanical stability, it was chosen for preliminary studies on the selectivity of the electrode toward Zn(II) and Cu(II). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40846.

A highly selective fluorescent probe for cadmium ions in aqueous solution and living cells

An organic salt based on double 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as fluorophores and BAPTA as a receptor has been designed for detection of Cd(2+). The fluorescent probe exhibits high selectivity for Cd(2+) and a low detection limit of 20 nM in aqueous solution, making it useful for Cd(2+) imaging in living MCF-7 cells.

A novel approach for the adsorption of cadmium ions in aqueous solution by dead calcareous skeletons

AbstractHeavy metal contamination in water causes problems to the environment and the deterioration of human health. Various types of water remediation methods have been conducted to counter this problem and to reduce the toxicity risk in water. As the conventional treatment process does not completely remove pollutants in the water, alternative purification methods have been studied to improve the treatment process. In this present study, batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of dead calcareous skeleton in removing cadmium ions (Cd(II)) from aqueous solution. The factors affecting adsorption were evaluated in respect of adsorbent size, contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and initial concentration to determine the optimum conditions for Cd(II) removal. The optimum size of CS was 710 μm and the equilibrium was achieved at 600 min. The most favorable dosage concentration was 20 g/L. The optimum pH for the Cd(II) adsorption was 6.42, which is the initial pH of Cd(II) solution. The adsorpti...

Removal of Cadmium from Polluted Aqueous Solutions Using Agricultural Wastes

Heavy metals are among the most toxic contaminants of surface water. The main sources of heavy metals are industrial wastes from processes such as electroplating, metal finishing, chemical manufacturing, and nuclear fuel processing. Since most of heavy metals are non degradable, these concentration must be reduced to acceptable levels before discharging them into environment. The goal of this research is to examine the ability of different media to reduce the concentration of cadmium ions in aqueous solution. The application of low-cost adsorbents obtained from plant wastes as a replacement for costly conventional methods of removing cadmium ions from wastewater has been reviewed. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms found to be applicable to the absorption process and their constants are found. The single component adsorption of heavy metal ions named Cadmium (II) onto powdered activated carbon (PAC), palms karab, rice husks and corncobs from water aqueous solution has been investigated using batch system. In batch tests, the effects of pH, dosage of adsorbent, contact time, initial concentration, mixing (stirring) speed and particle size diameter are studied. The optimum values of pH is 5.5, dosage adsorbent is 1g sorbent/100ml of Cd (II), contact time is 30min, initial concentration is 125 mg/L and for mixing (stirring) speed is 100 rpm.

Shellac-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for removal of cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solution

This study describes a new effective adsorbent for cadmium removal from aqueous solution synthesized by coating a shellac layer, a natural biodegradable and renewable resin with abundant hydroxyl and carboxylic groups, on the surface of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) imaging showed shellac-coated magnetic nanoparticle (SCMN) adsorbents had a core-shell structure with a core of 20 nm and shell of 5 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic analysis suggested the occurrence of reaction between carboxyl groups on the SCMN adsorbent surface and cadmium ions in aqueous solution. Kinetic data were well described by pseudo second-order model and adsorption isotherms were fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich models with maximum adsorption capacity of 18.80 mg/g. SCMN adsorbents provided a favorable adsorption capacity under high salinity conditions, and cadmium could easily be desorbed using mild organic acid solutions at low concentration.

Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies of Cadmium (II) Adsorption by Modified Agricultural Wastes

Agricultural wastes have great potential for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. The contamination of water by toxic heavy metals is a worldwide environmental problem. Unlike organic pollutants, the majority of which are susceptible to biological degradation, heavy metals do not degrade into harmless end products. Discharges containing cadmium, in particular, are strictly controlled because of the highly toxic nature of this element and its tendency to accumulate in the tissues of living organisms. This work aims to develop inexpensive, highly available, effective metal ion adsorbents from natural wastes as alternatives to existing commercial adsorbents. In particular, Tamrix articulata wastes were modified chemically by esterification with maleic acid to yield a carboxyl-rich adsorbent. The adsorption behavior of treated Tamrix articulata wastes toward cadmium ions in aqueous solutions in a batch system has been studied as a function of equilibration time, adsorbent dose, temperature and pH. Results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity was 195.5 mg/g in a pH 4 solution at 30 °C with a contact time of 120 min, an initial concentration of 400 mg/L and an adsorbent dose of 0.3 g/L. The kinetic data were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. It was shown that the adsorption of cadmium could be described by a pseudo-second-order equation. The experimental data were also analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich models of adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo have been evaluated and it has been found that the sorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. From all of our data, we conclude that the treated Tamrix articulata wastes investigated in this study showed good potential for cadmium removal from aqueous solutions.

Development of a multifunctional membrane for chromatic warning and enhanced adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions: Application to cadmium

In this study, a multifunctional membrane for visual warning and enhanced adsorptive removal of cadmium ions in aqueous solutions was prepared and examined. 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridinio) porphyrin tetra (p-toluenesulfonate), an optical indicator ligand for cadmium ions, was immobilized onto a porous chitosan/cellulose acetate blend base membrane through the polymer brushes grafted on the membrane surface via a surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. The prepared membrane was found to be capable of displaying distinctive color changes in response to the presence of cadmium ions in aqueous solutions. In addition, it also showed significantly enhanced performance for adsorptive removal of cadmium ions. Experimental results indicated that the developed membrane can exhibit quick (within 2 min) color change (from yellow to green) when it was in contact with cadmium ions in a solution even at relatively low concentrations (e.g. 5 mg/L). The interference study revealed that the functionalized membrane also possessed selectivity towards cadmium ions when other cationic species such as K +, Na +, Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions existed together in the solutions. Hence, the development in this study demonstrated the prospect to make porous membranes truly multifunctional with added advantages for adsorptive removal as well as for chromatic warning of heavy metal ions in the solutions that are treated.