CAD Templates Research Articles

차량 서스펜션의 최적 설계에서 사양관리와 부품 공용화를 위한 CAD 템플릿 및 부품 라이브러리 구축

차량 서스펜션의 최적 설계에서 사양관리와 부품 공용화를 위한 CAD 템플릿 및 부품 라이브러리 구축

Multidisciplinary Automation in Design of Turbine Vane Cooling Channels

In the quest to enhance the efficiency of gas turbines, there is a growing demand for innovative solutions to optimize high-pressure turbine blade cooling. However, the traditional methods for achieving this optimization are known for their complexity and time-consuming nature. We present an automation framework to streamline the design, meshing, and structural analysis of cooling channels, achieving design automation at both the morphological and topological levels. This framework offers a comprehensive approach for evaluating turbine blade lifetime and enabling multidisciplinary design analyses, emphasizing flexibility in turbine cooling design through high-level CAD templates and knowledge-based engineering. The streamlined automation process, supported by a knowledge base, ensures continuity in both the mesh and structural simulation automations, contributing significantly to advancements in gas turbine technology.

Knowledge-based engineering and computer vision for configuration-based substation design

Introduction: As the increase in electrification poses new demands on power delivery, the quality of the distribution system is paramount. Substations are a critical part of power grids that allow for control and service of the electrical distribution system. Substations are currently developed in a project-based and manually intensive manner, with a high degree of manual work and lengthy lead times. Substations are primarily sold through tenders that are accompanied by an inherent need for engineering-to-order activities. Although necessary, these activities present a paradox as tender processes must be agile and fast. To remedy this shortcoming, this article outlines a knowledge capture and reuse methodology to standardize and automate the product development processes of substation design. Methods: A novel framework for substation design is presented that implements knowledge-based engineering (KBE) and artificial intelligence methods in computer vision to capture knowledge. In addition, a product configuration system is presented, utilizing high-level CAD templates. The development has followed the KBE methodology MOKA. Results: The proposed framework has been implemented on several company cases where three (simplified) are presented in this paper. The framework decreased the time to create a 3D model from a basic electric single line diagram by performing the identification and design tasks in an automated fashion. Discussion: Ultimately, the framework will allow substation design companies to increase competitiveness through automation and knowledge management and enable more tenders to be answered without losing engineering quality.

On-site CAD templates reduce surgery time for complex craniostenosis repair in infants: a new method.

The surgical correction of craniostenosis in children is a time-consuming and taxing procedure. To facilitate this procedure, especially in infants with complex craniostenosis, we refined the computer-aided design and manufacturing technique (CAD/CAM) based on computed tomography (CT)-generated DICOM data. We used cutting guides and molding templates, which allowed the surgeon to reshape and fixate the supraorbital bar extracorporeally on a side table and to control the intracorporal fit without removing the template. To compare our traditional concept with the possibility of preoperative virtual planning (PVP) technique, the surgical treatment and courses of 16 infants with complex craniostenosis following fronto-orbital advancement (FOA) (age range 8-15months) were analyzed in two groups (group 1: traditional, control group n = 8, group 2: CAD/CAM planned, n = 8). While in both groups, the head accurately reshaped postoperatively during the follow-up; the CAD group 2 showed a significantly shorter operating time with a mean of 4h 25min compared with group 1 with a mean of 5h 37min (p = 0.038). Additionally, the CAD group 2 had a significantly lower volume of blood loss (380ml vs. 575ml mean, p = 0.047), lower blood transfusion volume (285ml vs. 400ml mean, p = 0.108), lower fresh frozen plasma (FFP) volume (140ml vs. 275ml mean, p = 0.019), shorter stay in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) (3 vs. 5days mean (p = 0.002), and shorter total length of hospital stay (6days vs. 8days mean, p = 0.002). CAD/CAM cutting guides and templates offer optimizing operative efficiency, precision, and accuracy in craniostenosis surgery in infants. As shown in this single-center observational study, the use of on-site templates significantly accelerates the reconstruction of the bandeau. The virtual 3D planning technique increases surgical precision without discernible detrimental effects.

Simulation of postoperative occlusion and direction in autotransplantation of teeth: application of computer-aided design and digital surgical templates

Autotransplantation of teeth requires optimisation of both occlusion and direction to ensure minimal injury to the dental crown and the alveolar bone. We describe a method that could simulate postoperative occlusion and direction of the donor tooth by using CAD and digital surgical templates, and evaluate the postoperative effect in five patients who had teeth autotransplanted. Computed tomographic data were imported into ProPlan CMF 3.0 software, the donor tooth was simulated to replace the recipient site according to the position of the occlusion and alveolar bone, and a digital template was designed to guide preparation of the socket. A computer-aided, rapid prototyped, tooth was used to match the socket and, finally, an occlusal template was designed to ensure that the donor tooth was in the simulated position. We compared the position of the tooth in the simulation with its postoperative position using ProPlan CMF 3.0 software. In this way it was possible to simulate and guide the donor tooth accurately to the recipient site. At six-month follow up all teeth had survived successfully. Given the efficiency and precision of placement and the success, we conclude that CAD can successfully help to simulate occlusion and direction in autotransplantation of teeth while simplifying the procedure.

Komputerowo wspomagane wytwarzanie wyrobów uciskowych do rehabilitacji blizn pooparzeniowych i pooperacyjnych

The article describes a computer-aided manufacturing of compression garments used for rehabilitation of burn and post-operative scars implemented in Tricomed S.A company. Steps of manufacturing processes include 3D scanning, obtaining control parameters for a self-generating CAD templates from STL file, conversion control parameters depending on the degree of compression and type of knitwear, generating DXF files for the cutting machine, sewing.

Computer-aided design of facial prostheses by means of 3D-data acquisition and following symmetry analysis

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a method of designing digital models of facial prostheses was suitable for patients with orbital defects. 32 patients were included in a retrospective study. 23 of them already had a facial prosthesis. 3D-data of the faces were acquired optically using fringe projection technique without and with (if available) the facial prosthesis in place. The healthy side of the surface models was mirrored to reconstruct the defect area. By generating a NURBS-model, the edges of the virtual prostheses were adapted to the defect region. The CAD models were stored in STL format as templates for facial prostheses. Using an automatically calculated asymmetry index (AI), four situations of the digitized facial surface were analysed for symmetry: 1. with defect area excluded, 2. with mirrored healthy surface, 3. with digital CAD template, and 4. with manually produced facial prosthesis inserted (if available). Mean AI values were 6.05 ± 3.26 (situation 1), 4.79 ± 2.51 (situation 2), 5.12 ± 2.61 (situation), and 6.74 ± 2.77 (situation 4). Additionally, the CAD templates were rated by three anaplastologists. Ratings did not differ significantly. They partially agreed with the three statements “The CAD prosthesis fits harmoniously within the face”, “The CAD prosthesis could be used for a wax pattern during conventional fabrication” and “The CAD prosthesis and the wax pattern reduce workload”. The results indicate that the presented technique has the potential to increase facial symmetry and facilitate the technical procedure. However, symmetry alone is not a sufficient criterion for design of a facial prosthesis.

Comparisons of Inter-tablet Coating Variability under Different Tablet Shapes and Filling Levels by Using DEM Simulations

The purpose of this paper is to investigate inter-tablet coating thickness variability based on different tablet shapes and filling levels. To achieve this goal, the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is applied, and efforts are made as following: For the first step, four different tablet shapes, referred to as Sphere, SRC (Standard Round Concave), Oval and Triangular, are built by importing three (except Sphere) CAD templates to create one or more spherical surfaces. Furthermore, a spray zone in the coating pan is presented to monitor the change of the “coating mass”, by virtue of which we calculate the inter-tablet coating variability. And to complete this work, custom contact models and properties are created to describe coating. Then, three different filling levels are added to the simulation. Eventually, the compared results are analyzed between three diverse filling degrees among tablet particles with four discrepant shapes.

Automation in the Teaching of Descriptive Geometry and CAD. High-Level CAD Templates Using Script Languages

The main purpose of this work is to study improvements to the learning method of technical drawing and descriptive geometry through exercises with traditional techniques that are usually solved manually by applying automated processes assisted by high-level CAD templates (HLCts). Given that an exercise with traditional procedures can be solved, detailed step by step in technical drawing and descriptive geometry manuals, CAD applications allow us to do the same and generalize it later, incorporating references. Traditional teachings have become obsolete and current curricula have been relegated. However, they can be applied in certain automation processes. The use of geometric references (using variables in script languages) and their incorporation into HLCts allows the automation of drawing processes. Instead of repeatedly creating similar exercises or modifying data in the same exercises, users should be able to use HLCts to generate future modifications of these exercises. This paper introduces the automation process when generating exercises based on CAD script files, aided by parametric geometry calculation tools. The proposed method allows us to design new exercises without user intervention. The integration of CAD, mathematics, and descriptive geometry facilitates their joint learning. Automation in the generation of exercises not only saves time but also increases the quality of the statements and reduces the possibility of human error.

Design Automation Using Script Languages. High-Level CAD Templates in Non-Parametric Programs

The main purpose of this work is to study the advantages offered by the application of traditional techniques of technical drawing in processes for automation of the design, with non-parametric CAD programs, provided with scripting languages. Given that an example drawing can be solved with traditional step-by-step detailed procedures, is possible to do the same with CAD applications and to generalize it later, incorporating references. In today’s modern CAD applications, there are striking absences of solutions for building engineering: oblique projections (military and cavalier), 3D modelling of complex stairs, roofs, furniture, and so on. The use of geometric references (using variables in script languages) and their incorporation into high-level CAD templates allows the automation of processes. Instead of repeatedly creating similar designs or modifying their data, users should be able to use these templates to generate future variations of the same design. This paper presents the automation process of several complex drawing examples based on CAD script files aided with parametric geometry calculation tools. The proposed method allows us to solve complex geometry designs not currently incorporated in the current CAD applications and to subsequently create other new derivatives without user intervention. Automation in the generation of complex designs not only saves time but also increases the quality of the presentations and reduces the possibility of human errors.

Geometrical modeling of complete dental shapes by using panoramic X-ray, digital mouth data and anatomical templates

In the field of orthodontic planning, the creation of a complete digital dental model to simulate and predict treatments is of utmost importance. Nowadays, orthodontists use panoramic radiographs (PAN) and dental crown representations obtained by optical scanning. However, these data do not contain any 3D information regarding tooth root geometries. A reliable orthodontic treatment should instead take into account entire geometrical models of dental shapes in order to better predict tooth movements.This paper presents a methodology to create complete 3D patient dental anatomies by combining digital mouth models and panoramic radiographs. The modeling process is based on using crown surfaces, reconstructed by optical scanning, and root geometries, obtained by adapting anatomical CAD templates over patient specific information extracted from radiographic data. The radiographic process is virtually replicated on crown digital geometries through the Discrete Radon Transform (DRT). The resulting virtual PAN image is used to integrate the actual radiographic data and the digital mouth model. This procedure provides the root references on the 3D digital crown models, which guide a shape adjustment of the dental CAD templates. The entire geometrical models are finally created by merging dental crowns, captured by optical scanning, and root geometries, obtained from the CAD templates.