Cachoeiro De Itapemirim Research Articles

Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) grown using hydrogel planting methods in the establishment of a silvopastoral system in a degraded soil

This work tested the use of a superabsorbent polymer (hydrogel) in a silvopastoral system with Brazilian-rosewood (Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth.) in a degraded pasture area. The experimental site is part of the Bananal do Norte experimental farm, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Over 480 seedlings were planted and submitted to the treatments: Dry hydrogel (DRY); Hydrated hydrogel around the root ball (HAR); Hydrated hydrogel mixed with soil (HMS); and water only (WAT). The design was in randomized blocks, with three repetitions. The tested variables were plant survival, height and root collar diameter until 672 days after planting, soil moisture at 93 days after planting and total biomass and leaf chemical analysis at 184 days after planting. Survival was positively influenced by the application of the hydrogel, but there was little or no effect regarding the application method. The hydrogel and its application techniques did not alter growth in height and root collar diameter. The polymer did not influence the development in biomass and nutritional content of the leaves, but did influence the biomass distribution. The use of the superabsorbent polymer was therefore not effective in accelerating plant growth and anticipating the stages in the implantation of the silvopastoral system. Keywords: agroforestry, brazilian-rosewood, degraded pasture.

VULNERABILIDADE AMBIENTAL NO ENTORNO DO MONUMENTO NATURAL DO ITABIRA, ES, BRASIL

ABSTRACT The institution of biological value areas through the creation of Natural Protected Areas is an essential tool for protecting the country’s environmental resources to face advanced anthropic development in natural areas, either to increase agriculture production or for economic growth. Environmental vulnerability studies combined with geotechnological tools have been vital to identifying the most vulnerable areas and consequently help Conservation Units protection. This study aimed to analyze environmental vulnerability at the buffer zone of Itabira Natural Monument (MONAI) in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Brazil. The necessary methodological steps for this study were as follows: a) Photointerpretation of land use; b) Anthropic variables selection; c) Application of Euclidean distance function in variables vector images; d) Application of fuzzy membership function in variables raster images; e) Application of Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP); and f) Spatial classification of environmental vulnerability around MONAI. Land use conflicts reveal a relevant presence of pasture areas, representing 49.80% of the buffer zone. This fact corroborates with its Euclidean distance value, which showed the lowest linear value, 836 meters. Eight anthropic variables have been incorporated, highlighting crops, urban areas, exposed soil and pasture. Jenks natural breaks defined five vulnerability classes. According to the results, 57.14% of the entire MONAI buffer zone is represented by the high and very high classes. The outdated law creation of MONAI and the need for a management plan result in a vulnerable buffer zone. The present study can support management plan formulation and assist MONAI’s buffer zone delimitation.

Morphological and physical-mechanical characterization of a syenogranite weathering profile developed on tropical climate

In regions of tropical climate weathering processes tend to be very active in engineering time in terms of range and effectives, producing alteration mantles that are often deep and well developed when compared to weathering profiles similar rocks developed on temperate climate. In the municipality of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Southeastern Brazil there are many syenogranite weathering profiles on ornamental stone quarries, in which it is possible to observe the effects of weathering at different levels. Considering the importance of knowing the behaviour of these different transition materials in civil and mining engineering design, it becomes relevant to characterize their morphology and physical properties. Among the weathering profiles visited, the focus of this study is a weathering profile that presented the higher heterogeneity, with more alteration levels and better accessibility for sample collection, in situ tests and morphology characterization and description. Samples were collected and the following lab tests were performed for the physical-mechanical characterization: physical indexes (apparent dry density, apparent porosity, absorption capacity and void index), P-wave velocity, Schmidt hammer rebound value and point load index. The preliminary results indicate there is a strong structural control in the development of weathering and that shape of the relief contribute to accelerate the processes of alteration and quick dissection of the relief, avoiding the formation of a profile with more gradual transitions between different weathering levels. As for the physical-mechanical characteristics, a considerable maximum loss of resistance, about 99% in point load index, and maximum increase of the porosity, about 97 %, is observed with the increase on the degree of weathering, being these two parameters more sensitive for the studied granite.

Culture Shock Among Missionaries in The Diocese of Cachoeiro De Itapemirim-Espirito Santo, Brazil

The term “culture shock” refers to the adjustment that occurs when one is exposed to a culture that is distinct from their own. This study examines the culture shock that missionaries who serve in the Diocese of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim encounter. The objective of this research was to explore the causes of culture shock. Mixed research method (qualitative and quantitative) approach specifically embedded design was used. The key findings showed that although missionaries were generally satisfied with their missionary experience, there were areas which created challenges for the missionaries. Different expectations about the culture, along with challenges settling into a new community impacted on feelings of anxiety and dissatisfaction experienced due to culture shock. Food and Portuguese language challenges were the most prominent components of the causes of culture shock experienced by the missionaries. Aspects of culture shock such as language and food or facial expressions were noted as tensions affecting the mission experience for the missionaries. The causes of culture shock were experienced to some degree by all missionaries in this study.

Fast Food and its Effects among the Teenagers in the Municipal of Cachoeiro De Itapemirim-Espirito Santo, Brazil

Fast food is a major part of present life, due to some factors such as the style of life, value and the huge commercial advertisements, it has several effects on teenage health. The basic purpose of this study was to identify the effects of fast food on the health of teenagers of the municipal of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim. The study was based on two theories namely, The Theory of Planned Behaviour proposed by Icek Ajzen in 1991and the Bandura 1969 Social Cognitive Theory. The study was purely quantitative. In this study, a correlational design and simple random sampling were employed. There were 48 responders in the sample size. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire was pretested and validated before the final data collection. Extensive literature review was done, and a tool was developed reviewing similar literature, which reports the effects of fast food consumption. Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 26 (SPSS version 26) were used for quantitative data analysis. The main effects of fast food on the health of teenagers are, obesity, depression, diabetes, heart disease, physical performance and reproductive health. Majority (85.42%) of the respondents have information about fast food, (12.50%) did not have any information about fast food and (2.08%) never responded. The chi-square result on the relationship between fast food and effects was very significant, χ2 ([56], N = [48]) = [49.53], p = [.717]. Fast food was more likely to affect the teenagers. With the p =.717 > .05 the null hypothesis is not rejected. A P-Value >0.05 is not statistically significant. Use of fast food was found to be increasing among teenagers. Consumption of fast food at high level is increasing physical and mental health problems. This study emphasizes strong need to adopt healthy eating behaviours that are associated with lower mental distress, high body esteem and higher psychological well-being.

Genetic variability of conilon coffee population from cultivar ‘ES8152’ based on morphoagronomic variables

This study aimed to analyze the genetic variability of Coffea canephora population with 190 genotypes from cultivar ‘ES8152’, based on morphoagronomic characteristics and vegetation index, to identify the most important characteristics for genetic divergence and compare them with commercial clones. The experiment was installed, in 2019, at the Bananal do Norte Experimental Farm/INCAPER, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, ES, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in Federer’s augmented block design with three blocks, four common treatments (commercial clones A1, LB1, V8 and V12) and 190 regular treatments, genotypes from the seed production field of the conilon coffee cultivar ‘ES8152’. At 24 months of age 14 morphoagronomic characteristics and vegetation index were evaluated. Descriptive analysis of the data, the estimation of the Standardized Euclidean Distance (ED) followed by the grouping by the methods of Tocher, UPGMA and principal coordinates, in addition to the relative importance of the characters estimated by the Singh methodology were performed. The most distant genotypes were 62 and 83 (ED=2.620) and the closest were 42 and 160 (ED=0.208). Genotype 83 stood out as the most distant among the others. The optimization and hierarchical groupings allowed the identification of genotypes 15, 81, 107 and 184 as similar to commercial clones. The discard analysis of variables recommended the elimination of the vegetation index and average internode length of the next diversity analysis. Principal coordinate analysis found phenotypic similarity of the genotypes 30, 81, 115, 141 and 163 with the clone V12, of the genotype 119 with the clone A1 and genotype 17 with clone LB1. The study, of morphoagronomic characters, allowed to detection the genetic diversity existing in the materials evaluated, indicating those with phenotypic similarity with the commercial clones, being possible the early identification of promisinggenotypes, agronomically superior, to start a breeding program for clonal selection, recurrent selection and controlled crosses to maximize heterosis. Key words: Coffea canephora; pre-breeding; genetic diversity; clusters.

Experimental Study of Mode I Fracture Toughness Anisotropy in Granitic Rocks

Granitic rocks can in general be easily split through three mutually orthogonal surfaces, empirically identified in the field1,2. In this regard, the present study intends to evaluate the mode I fracture toughness of a syenogranite, obtained from a quarry in the city of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim in the state of Espirito Santo. Fracture toughness consists of an intrinsic mechanical property of rocks and indicates the resistance to the initiation or propagation of a fracture as well as the amount of energy the rock absorbs until its fracture. In order to evaluate mode I fracture toughness anisotropy, the Cracked Chevron Notched Brazilian Disc (CCNBD) test was conducted, following ISRM3. Twenty-five (25) samples were tested considering four (4) different orientations: short transverse, arrester, divider and a random direction (inclined). In addition, the indirect tensile strength test (Brazilian test) was also conducted, in order to characterize the samples. The test was performed on fifteen (15) samples and in three (3) different orientations: short transverse, arrester and divider. The tests and sample preparation were carried out at the Structural and Materials Laboratory (LEM-DEC), and the physical properties were obtained at the Geotechnical and Environmental Laboratory (LGMA), both located at PUC-Rio. It is possible to observed that the physical properties results obtained in the present study were very similar to the results obtained by Almeida et al.4 and by Jaques5. In the Brazilian test it was possible to observe that all the mean tensile strength values are similar to each other, which indicates that there is little anisotropy in this rock. In the CCNBD test it was possible to verify that the mean fracture toughness values are similar in every direction, which indicates that there is little anisotropy in this rock as well as in the Brazilian test.

DEPÓSITOS DE RESÍDUOS DE ROCHAS ORNAMENTAIS: COMPOSIÇÃO, DIMENSIONAMENTO E POSSÍVEIS USOS NO SETOR DE CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL

A produção de rochas ornamentais no Brasil é uma importante atividade minerária, especialmente no Estado do Espírito Santo, responsável por grande parte da exportação dos mármores e granitos brasileiros. O processo de beneficiamento dos blocos rochosos, gera grande quantidade de resíduos formados pela Lama de Beneficiamento de Rochas Ornamentais (LBRO), além dos fragmentos de blocos. O objetivo desse trabalho é estimar a quantidade de resíduos da LBRO armazenados em depósitos no município de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim (ES), definir suas características físicas e químicas e sugerir aplicações no setor de construção civil. Foram utilizados métodos de geoprocessamento e visitas em campo para delimitar e quantificar o volume dos depósitos identificados em imagens aéreas. A composição química das amostras coletadas em furos de sondagem foi comparada com dados de trabalhos publicados, que estudaram aplicabilidade desses resíduos na produção de cerâmica vermelha, concreto, cimento e argamassa, tijolos e vidrados. A composição físico-química dos resíduos é compatível com a dos materiais já testados, indicando a viabilidade do seu uso como matéria-prima no setor da construção civil. Porém, a separação de resíduos provenientes dos principais grupos litológicos (mármores e granitos), e de teares multifios e convencionais, permitirá maior controle de qualidade e aplicações mais nobres.
 Palavras-chave: Lama Abrasiva; Uso de Resíduos; Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos.

Social disparities in Southeastern Brazil and the burden of cervical cancer.

e18511 Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common malignancy in women worldwide and around 85% of the cases currently diagnosed are in underdeveloped countries. According to the National Cancer Institute of Brazil (INCA), in the year 2021, 16.590 new cases are expected with an estimated risk of 15.43 cases per 100,000 women and unfortunately numbers are not decreasing. Low socioeconomic status is been known to be associated with inferior cancer survival. Although Brazil’s publicly funded Unified Health System (SUS) increased access to health care, the universal access is still a problem. Brazil is a country of continental dimensions with widespread regional and social inequalities. The CC differs enormously by regions in the Brazilian country. Here, we use a population-based cancer registry to explore sociodemographic characteristics and CC in Southeastern Brazil. Methods: We collected retrospective data of patients with CC registered in the regional cancer reference center from the south of Espirito Santo (ES) the Hospital Evangélico de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim (HECI). We used the brazilian Health Information System - SISRHC from 2010 to 2017. Characteristics such as educational level (years of study), age, race, type of health insurance for treatment (SUS or private) and disease stage at diagnosis were recorded. Results: Among 3272 women diagnosed with cancer in the period analyzed, 286 had a diagnosis of CC.The educational level of 44,61% was less than 9 years, 16,43% between 10 and 12 years and 3,15% more than 12 years (36,01% without information).Mean age at diagnosis was 49 years, and 50 % were younger than 50 years. As for race, 50% of the women self-declared as non-white and 40,91% as white (9,09% without information), and 89,9% were treated by SUS and 10,1% treated by private health system. The distribution of CC stages at diagnosis was 0 (13,99%), I (15,03%), II (23,08%), III (18,53%) and IV (3,5%). Stage status was missing for 35,87% of CC cases. Conclusions: The majority of the women in the study where non-white, had low education level , used public health system (SUS) for treatment and had advanced disease. We also found that Brazilian SISRHC needs more attention to be a reliable cancer source data. These findings reinforce that social determinants affects access to diagnosis and treatment of CC patients in Southeastern Brazil. Future health awareness and preventive interventions must target less-educated communities to reduce delays in seeking medical care for cancer.

Breast cancer and molecular testing in Brazil.

e13602 Background: Breast cancer is a common malignancy among women worldwide. Regardless of the economic status of a country, breast cancer poses a burden in prevention, diagnosis and treatment.Accurate pathologic and molecular diagnosis of high quality in breast cancer is a challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The two most important aspects needed are the hormonal and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status as they are used as prognostic factor and as predictive biomarker for treatment. The most commonly used tests for assessing HER2 status are immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays for HER2 protein expression and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for HER2 gene amplification.In this study, we evaluated the hormonal and HER2 status of women with breast cancer and the need for FISH in HER2+++. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the database of the Hospital Evangelico de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, a regional cancer center from the south of Espirito Santo State – Brazil.The period covered in the study was from 01/08/2019 to 01/08/2020. We analyzed all new cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed by IHC for the estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and HER2 receptors. All the HER 2++ and HER2 +++ were tested by FISH. We had during this period 152 newly diagnosed cases, 11 patients were excluded due to missing data. Results: The 141 cases were separated into four categories by hormonal status: 109 ER+PR+ (77,3%), 9 ER+PR− (6,4%), 2 ER−PR+ (1,4%) and 21 ER−PR− (14,9%). When these results were associated to HER 2 status we found 11 (7,8 %) triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) , 26 (18,43%) HER2 ++ and 23 (16,31%) HER 2+++. The HER2++ were tested by FISH and 8 (30,7%,) were found positive, 10 (38,6%) negative and 8(30,7%)indeterminate. Among the HER 2 +++ tested by FISH we found 15 (65,3 %) positive and 8 (34,7 %) indeterminate. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a lower incidence of TNBC and higher incidence of hormone-receptor positive cases as compared with other institutions. Different from other countries, all HER 2++ and HER2+++ in Brazil need to go to molecular testing. Altough trastuzumab is available in the public Brazilian Health System (SUS) for HER 2 positive women, diagnosis with IHC alone is not permitted and there is a need for molecular testing confirmation. Therefore, the most troublesome data in this study was that 34,7% of HER 2+++ had indeterminate FISH results, in these cases SUS does not offer traztuzumab. Newer guidelines allow the use of IHC only in HER2 +++ . We consider important for SUS to review the recommendation for need of molecular testing for all HER2 +++ so this will avoid subtreating women in Brazil

The present scenario of colorectal cancer in Southeastern Brazil.

e18782 Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world and in Brazil. Most of colorectal cancers (CRC) are sporadic and occur in individuals over the age of 50. Since almost all CRC originate from a polyp , the early detection and excision of an adenomatous polyp is essential to avoid the adenoma-carcinoma sequence that occurs over the years. Most colorectal polyps are asymptomatic and identified during screening colonoscopies or in patients with positive fecal occult blood test . There is evidence that detecting and removing these cancer precursor lesions can prevent many cases of cancer and reduce mortality. The CRC are public health problem in Brazil and fulfills criteria to merit the implementation of a structured screening program. and in this sense, several medical societies recommend screening through organized programs and not just opportunistic as done in Brazil. It is believed that this strategy is related to late diagnosis and has impact on high mortality. Most evidence on CRC screening interventions comes from high-income countries. The large disparities in CRC incidence and mortality rates between high-income and low-income countries are attribute to screening. The study will evaluate the stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis at Southeastern Brazil. Methods: We collected retrospective data of patients with CRC registered in the Hospital Evangélico de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim (HECI) Health Information System - SISRHC from 2010 to 2017 to know the clinical characteristics (TNM) of the patients diagnosed during this period, age and sex. From January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017, 6,962 newly diagnosed cases of cancer were identified. Of this total, 676 (9.7%) were new cases of colorectal cancer. When submitting to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the present study 91 cases were excluded (1 case under the age of 18 years; 64 cases that started their first cancer treatment before the pathological result; 26 cases without information from the anatomopathological diagnosis). Data from the remaining 585 cases were analyzed. Results: Among 585 analyzed, the distribution of stage at diagnosis was : 0 (0,68%), I 45 (7,69%), II 109 (18,63%), III 225 (38,45%), IV 129 (22,05%) and 73 (12,48%) had this information missing. Mean age at diagnosis was 62 years, with 411(70,50%) between ages 51-80 years. Regarding sex we found 306 (52,49%) male and 277 (47,51%) female. Conclusions: The results found in the studied population are in agreement with the literature regarding age at diagnosis and sex. Unfortunately demonstrates that most of colorectal,cancer in southeastern region of Brazil are diagnosed in late stages. The lack of screening is an explanation to this fact. Only the implemention of national organized screening program can improve cancer detection and provide better chances of cancer survival.

LAMA DE BENEFICIAMENTO DE ROCHAS ORNAMENTAIS PROCESSADAS NO ESPÍRITO SANTO: COMPOSIÇÃO E APROVEITAMENTO

A produção de rochas ornamentais para revestimento gera um resíduo de granulação muito fina, a partir do descarte da Lama de Beneficiamento de Rochas Ornamentais (LBRO), cuja composição indica potencial de utilização em diversos setores produtivos. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se um estudo da variabilidade composicional da LBRO e de diferentes tipos de rocha, com o objetivo de identificar os fatores controladores da composição dos resíduos gerados pela serragem de blocos. Foram coletadas 35 amostras de rocha e da LBRO produzida durante a serragem dessas rochas. As amostras foram coletadas diretamente da descarga do tear em empresas de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim (ES), um dos principais polos produtores do Estado do Espírito Santo. O mapeamento do processo produtivo das empresas permitiu dimensionar a quantidade de resíduos que é gerada por bloco serrado e mostrou a importância do controle de perdas. A comparação entre rochas e LBRO evidenciou íntima semelhança entre a composição química dessas matrizes, com exceção de alguns elementos como ferro e cálcio, que são acrescentados a partir dos insumos de beneficiamento em teares convencionais. As amostras foram agrupadas em cinco conjuntos com potencial de uso em cosméticos, aplicação no solo, fabricação de cerâmica, uso na construção civil ou simplesmente como filler.

P09.45 Ten Year Report of Lung Cancer in Never Smokers from Southeast of Brasil

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancy worldwide, accounting for 13% of all new cancer cases. Even though tobacco smoking is the most important risk factor,global estimates indicate that about 300,000 annual lung cancer deaths are not due to tobacco use. In Brazil, the Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA, Brazilian National Cancer Institute) estimated a total of 625,000 new cancer cases in 2020, of which 17,760 cases of primary lung malignancies. Lung cancer is the second most incident cancer among men and the fourth most incident cancer among women in the country. Trends in lung cancer mortality in Brazil reflect the epidemiological model of tobacco-related mortality. But we also have begun to see the rising of cancer non tobacco-related, especially in women. To date, there have been few published studies focusing on clinical, epidemiological, and survival patterns in Brazilian never-smoker patients. We performed a retrospective analysis of registry data from the Hospital Evangelico de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim (HECI) information system Sistema de RegistroHospitalar de Cancer (SISRHC) from 2008 to 2017. There were 426 cases of lung cancer cases during this period. The data were analyzed in terms of gender, age, history of tobacco use, stage and histology. Of the 426 patients analyzed, 269 (63.14%) were men and 157 (36.86%), women.The epidemiological analysis by gender revealed that 119 women patients were smokers (75,80%) and 38 (24.20%) non-smokers. Specifically in non-smokers, 21 (55.23%) had adenocarcinoma, 10 (26.36%) had carcinoma and 7 (18.41%) had other histology types. Most women (22/57.90%) were diagnosed at stage IV, 6 (15.80%) at stage III and 3 (7.89%) atearly stages. Regarding women age at diagnosis, 5 (13,19%) patients were aged under 49 years; 18 (47,37%) between 50 and 69 years; and 15 (39,47%) over 70 years. Regarding male gender data, 108(40.14%) patients were smokers and 20 (7.43%) non-smokers. Specifically in non-smokers, 8 (40%) had adenocarcinoma, 5 (25%) squamous cell carcinoma and 7 (35%) had other histology types. Among the men,11 (55%) were diagnosed at stage IV, 5 at stage III (25%) and 2 (10%) at early stages. Regarding menage at diagnosis, 4 (20%) patients were aged under 49 years; 10 ( 50 %) between ages 50 and 69 years; and 6 ( 30 % ) over 70 years. We observed a striking incidence of lung cancer in women without history of smoking, aged over 50 years old, with adenocarcinoma histology and advanced staging at diagnosis. Therefore, developing countries like Brazil must treat this as a public health issue needing further exploration of its patterns, biology and etiology.

As disputas de narrativas sobre o “glorioso ato de 13 de Maio de 1888” nos jornais de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim-ES (1888-1889)

A análise dos dois jornais publicados no principal município cafeeiro do Espírito Santo durante o século XIX, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, pretende-se evidenciar as tensões e contradições na construção da memória da Abolição na Imprensa Cachoeirense, que recepcionou entusiasticamente o “glorioso ato de 13 de maio de 1888”. A análise de conteúdo, conforme as orientações de Lawrence Bardin e Renné Zicman, aplicada na pesquisa de O Cachoeirano e O Constitucional, pertencentes a campos políticos e ideológicos opostos, no período posterior à Lei Áurea e anterior à proclamação da República, revela o desenvolvimento de narrativas contrastantes entre si, ambíguas e mutáveis no cenário marcado pelo crescimento das tensões entre monarquistas e republicanos e pelo início das disputas pela memória da Abolição.

A CAFEICULTURA NA COMUNIDADE QUILOMBOLA DE MONTE ALEGRE, CACHOEIRO DE ITAPEMIRIM, ES

Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a cafeicultura praticada na comunidade quilombola de Monte Alegre, localizada na zona rural do município de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, sul do Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em duas etapas: serviço de campo e de escritório. No serviço de campo, fez-se o levantamento de algumas características da estrutura fundiária e da cafeicultura praticada no local. No serviço de escritório, foi realizado o mapeamento aéreo da cafeicultura local mediante o uso de Sistema de Informação Geográfica. Verificou-se que a comunidade quilombola de Monte Alegre possui uma área total de 13,37 km² e é formada por 66 estabelecimentos rurais. A cafeicultura ocupa 10,69% da área da comunidade e está presente em 22 estabelecimentos. A variedade mais cultivada é a “tradicional” e o espaçamento mais empregado é de 2,5x1,6 m. O café encontra-se cultivado na sua maioria no modo convencional, sob a forma de monocultivo, conduzido à pleno sol e em regime familiar, com uma produtividade média de 27,77 sacas/ha. Os cultivos consorciados são em minoria, realizado principalmente com carneiro.

OS DESAFIOS DA COVID-19 NO MUNDO: DA POPULAÇÃO EM GERAL AOS PROFISSIONAIS DA SAÚDE BUCAL

The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), known to cause the disease Covid-19, is one of the most studied and talked about subjects since December 2019, after an epidemic outbreak in the city of Wuhan in China, in which it spread rapidly around the world, causing a serious pandemic. In view of this fact, the objective of this study is to explain to readers about the etiology, history, transmission, treatment, prevention, mechanisms of action, pathophysiology, pathological anatomy of SARS-CoV-2, to later relate all this problem with the dental environment, emphasizing the high risk of contamination, transmission and prevention methodologies, through a literature review to support all researched content. In addition, a survey was carried out with Multivix Dentistry students Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, ES, in order to investigate how they are dealing with the pandemic, asking questions such as modes of transmission, prevention, main symptoms and how they are looking for this information. Therefore, in view of the content discussed in this work, it is evident that the general population, mainly health professionals, needs to reinvent itself and review all the concepts of Biosafety to fight the virus. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2. Covid-19. Transmission. Prevention. Treatment and dental professionals.

Famílias cativas capixabas entre 1850-1871

O presente artigo pretende analisar a composição das famílias cativas do Espírito Santo entre os anos de 1850 e 1871, datas marcadas pela promulgação das leis abolicionistas Eusébio de Queirós e Lei do Ventre Livre. As regiões da província capixaba estudadas são Vitória, capital provincial, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim e Itapemirim, ambas na região sul. As três localidades possuíam economia diversificada, e portanto, a composição de suas escravarias também apresentava peculiaridades. Vitória tinha economia voltada para o abastecimento interno da província, e sua escravaria era formada por maioria de crioulos. Cachoeiro tinha como fonte econômica as lavouras de café destinadas a exportação, que era a principal fonte econômica da província. Itapemirim, por sua vez, produzia grande quantidade de açúcar, além de ser o principal porto exportador deste produto e do café para a Corte. Tanto em Cachoeiro quanto em Itapemirim a presença de africanos era grande. Essas peculiaridades são refletidas na composição das escravarias e das famílias cativas, conforme se observará neste trabalho.

Lung cancer incidence in never smokers in the Southeast of Brazil: 10 years analysis.

e13571 Background: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health estimated an absolute incidence of 30,200 cases of lung cancer in 2020. Eighty-five percent of diagnosed cases are associated with consumption of tobacco products. Although smoking remains the predominant cause, lung cancer in never smokers is an increasingly prominent public health problem. However, data on this topic, particularly lung cancer incidence rates in developing countries in never smokers are limited. Methods: The data presented in this work correspond to the period from 2007 to 2017 and were extracted from the database of the Hospital Cancer Registry of the Evangelical Hospital of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim (RHC / HECI) through SisRHC, a computerized database management tool for Hospital Cancer Records. Results: Of the 494 patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer aged 18 years or over, 395 (80%) had complete information on a history of tobacco use, of which 68 patients denied smoking. Based on data from 68 patients, the years 2011 and 2012 had the lowest incidence, 6%, of non-smokers with lung cancer. 2009 and 2007 were the years with the highest incidence, 24 and 33% respectively. In the remaining years, the percentage varied between 15 and 23%. Regarding gender, 47 (69%) of the cases were women and 21 (31%) were men. Adenocarcinoma without a specific origin (NOS) was the most frequent histological type in non-smoking patients, with 33 (48.5%) of the cases, followed by malignant neoplasia 10 (14.7%), squamous cell carcinoma NOS 8 (11, 8%) and NOS carcinoma 7 (10.3%), the types of NOS large cell carcinoma, NOS small cell carcinoma, NOS papillary carcinoma, NOS bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma account for 10 (14.7%) cases. Analyzing the clinical staging (CE) at the time of diagnosis, 1 (1.5%) had EC 1, 4 (5.9%) EC 2, 12 (17.6%) EC 3, 42 (61.8%) EC 4 and 9 (13.2%) had no reports of staging. The median incidence rate was 17%, confirming that smoking remains the biggest cause of lung cancer, and reinforcing the need for more comprehensive epidemiological analyzes for this population. As the data can reach even higher percentages, as the information is provided by patients, without an available reliability assessment method. Conclusions: Lung cancer in never smokers is a major public health problem and further exploration of its patterns of incidence, etiology and biology is needed.

Breast cancer in younger patients in Southeast of Brazil: 10-year analysis.

e13567 Background: Breast cancer in Brazil is the most common cancer among women and is also responsible for the highest number of cancer deaths in this group. For Brazil, 66,280 new cases of breast cancer are estimated for the year 2020. This corresponds to an estimated risk of 61.61 new cases per 100 thousand women. For Espírito Santo, the estimate is 790 new cases.. Affection in women under the age of 40 is still infrequent, but it has been growing in the country with more aggressive and advanced cancer at diagnoses. It happens that in Brazil, with the publication of Ordinance 61/2015 by the Ministry of Health, the procedure became exclusive to women aged 50 to 69 years, contrary to what Federal Law 11.664 / 2008 requires, which determines the right mammography exam for all women over 40 years of age. In other words, asymptomatic women who are under 50 or over 70 years of age cannot take the exam on the public network. Methods: The data presented in this study correspond to patients diagnosed with breast cancer from 2007 to 2017 and were extracted from the database of the Hospital Cancer Registry of the Evangelical Hospital of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim (RHC / HECI) through SisRHC, a tool of management of the computerized database for Hospital Cancer Records. Results: Over the 10 years analyzed, in the south Espírito Santo region, 1,546 women started treatment for breast cancer and of these 528 were aged 49 years or less, stratified by age group: 15-24 years 9 cases (1.71%), 25-34 years 64 cases (12.13%)., 35-39 years 96 cases (18.18%), 40-44 years 156 cases (29.54%), 45-49 years. 203 cases (38.44%). A very important factor when making the diagnosis is the clinical staging (EC) of the disease, a fact that directly influences the type of treatment and the woman's survival. Of the cases analyzed, 464 had complete staging data, of these 27 (5.82%) of the cases were EC 0, EC I were 89 (19.18%), 193 (41.60%) with EC II, 122 ( 26.30%) with EC III and, finally, 33 (7.10%) in EC IV. Conclusions: In Brazil, there is a divergence between the guidance of the INCA (National Cancer Institute), an organ linked to the Ministry of Health, which recommends routine mammography after the age of 50, and the Brazilian Mastology Societies and the Brazilian College of Radiology, which indicate the exam for women over 40 years of age. In this scenario, the reduction in the supply of mammograms puts the country against the recommendations of specialists and medical societies. Mammography is a right for all Brazilian women over 40 years of age. This is the law and we need to enforce it, since the incidence of cancer cases in this age group represented one third of the cases.

ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DE CONSÓRCIOS DO CAFEEIRO CONILON COM ESPÉCIES PERENES E FLORESTAIS NO SUL DO ESPÍRITO SANTO

Os estudos sobre sistemas agroflorestais vêm crescendo, com grande potencial de contribuir para a sustentabilidade agrícola e um dos aspectos importantes avaliados é a sua viabilidade econômica. O INCAPER está conduzindo uma Unidade de Pesquisa Agroflorestal, em Cachoeiro de Itapemirim-ES. Este artigo apresenta e discute os resultados da análise econômica sobre os consórcios agroflorestais lá testados. A área foi dividida em cinco talhões, sendo um com cafeeiro solteiro e os demais em quatro diferentes consórcios do cafeeiro: com ingazeiro, bananeira, gliricídia ou pupunha. Os indicadores econômicos considerados foram o custo operacional de produção e de comercialização, a produtividade, as margens operacionais e o índice benefício/custo. Também foi calculado o índice de equivalência de área. O estudo demonstrou que os tratamentos economicamente viáveis foram os consórcios do café com a pupunha e do café com a banana, que também representaram sistemas mais eficientes de uso da terra que os monocultivos. Além disso, se verificou, nos consórcios, que teve redução no gasto com as roçadas, mas houve gasto maior com as podas das árvores associadas ao cafeeiro.