Cable Assembly Research Articles

Identification of Novel Mutations in ACT1 and SLA2 That Suppress the Actin-Cable-Overproducing Phenotype Caused by Overexpression of a Dominant Active Form of Bni1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A formin Bni1p nucleates actin to assemble actin cables, which guide the polarized transport of secretory vesicles in budding yeast. We identified mutations that suppressed both the lethality and the excessive actin cable formation caused by overexpression of a truncated Bni1p (BNI1DeltaN). Two recessive mutations, act1-301 in the actin gene and sla2-82 in a gene involved in cortical actin patch assembly, were identified. The isolation of sla2-82 was unexpected, because cortical actin patches are required for the internalization step of endocytosis. Both act1-301 and sla2-82 exhibited synthetic growth defects with bni1Delta. act1-301, which resulted in an E117K substitution, interacted genetically with mutations in profilin (PFY1) and BUD6, suggesting that Act1-301p was not fully functional in formin-mediated polymerization. sla2-82 also interacted genetically with genes involved in actin cable assembly. Some experiments, however, suggested that the effects of sla2-82 were caused by depletion of actin monomers, because the temperature-sensitive growth phenotype of the bni1Delta sla2-82 mutant was suppressed by increased expression of ACT1. The isolation of suppressors of the BNI1DeltaN phenotype may provide a useful system for identification of actin amino-acid residues that are important for formin-mediated actin polymerization and mutations that affect the availability of actin monomers.

Dynamics of the Formin For3p in Actin Cable Assembly

Formins are a conserved family of actin nucleators responsible for the assembly of diverse actin structures such as cytokinetic rings and filopodia. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the formin for3p is necessary for the formation of actin cables, which are bundles of short parallel actin filaments that regulate cell polarity. These filaments are largely organized with their barbed ends facing the cell tip, where for3p is thought to function in their assembly. Here, using a functional for3p-3GFP fusion expressed at endogenous levels, we find that for3p localizes to small dots that appear transiently at cell tips and then move away on actin cables at a rate of 0.3 microm/s. These movements were dependent on the continuous assembly of actin in cables, on the ability of for3p to bind actin within its FH2 domain, and on profilin and bud6p, two formin binding proteins that promote formin activity. Bud6p transiently colocalizes with for3p at the cell tip and stays behind at the cell tip when for3p detaches. These findings suggest a new model for actin cable assembly: a for3p particle is activated and promotes the assembly of a short actin filament at the cell tip for only seconds. For3p and the actin filament may then be released from the cell tip and carried passively into the cell interior by retrograde flow of actin filaments in the cable. These studies reveal a complex and dynamic cycle of formin regulation and actin cable assembly in vivo.

An innovative piezoelectric force sensor to determine the integrity of electrical sockets

An ultrasonic force sensor was designed to calculate the socket contact force in a cable connector assembly. The force sensor operates through measuring the relationship between the mechanical force and change in resonance frequency in a piezoelectric tube. The sensor’s aim is to assess the effectiveness of aging electric sockets to ensure their replacement before failure. A network analyzer was used to perform tests on the repeatability and sensitivity of the resonance change in two sets of piezoelectric tubes of different thickness. The hoop mode proved to be the most consistent as well as most sensitive resonance mode. The results show an increase in the change in resonance frequency corresponding to an increase in applied socket contact force. Socket contact forces are measured through a friction-based method. To refine the testing technique, the 3-D modeling software SolidWorks was used to design a prototype socket testing device to hold the tubes for insertion into the socket. The piezoelectric tubes were adapted to perform in the tube holder and the prototype socket testing device was created out of aluminum.

Carlisle Companies Inc.

Mergent's Dividend AchieversVolume 3, Issue 2 p. 49-49 U.S. Company Reports Carlisle Companies Inc.† First published: 20 April 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/div.3857 † Contact: : Stephen P. Munn — Chmn. Address: : 13925 Ballantyne Corporate Place, Suite 400, Charlotte, NC 28277 Web Site: : www.bancorpsouth.com AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Rubber Products (MIC: 11.6 SIC: 3011 NAIC: 326211) Carlisle Companies is a holding company. Co.'s Construction Materials segment produces roofing membranes used predominantly on non-residential low-sloped roofs, related roofing accessories, including flashings, fasteners, coatings and waterproofing and insulation products. Co.'s Industrial Components segment produces bias-ply, non-automotive rubber tires, stamped and roll-formed wheels, industrial transmission belts and accessories. The Diversified Components segment produces heavy-duty friction blocks, disc linings, braking systems parts;open-deck construction trailers and commercial; institutional foodservice permanentware and equipment, and wire, cable, connectors and cable assemblies. Volume3, Issue2Spring 2006Pages 49-49 RelatedInformation

REALIZATION TECHNOLOGY OF CABLE HARNESS PROCESS PLANNING IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT BASED ON DISCRETE CONTROL POINT MODELING METHOD

Based on the analysis of characteristic of cable harness process planning in virtual environment, a discrete control point modeling (DCFM) method of cable harness in virtual environment and the cable harness assembly routing technique based on DCPM are proposed. DCPM converts a cable harness into continuous flexed line segments connected by a series of section center points, and the design can realize cable harness process planning through controlling the control point. This method of cable harness routing in the virtual environment breaks the status that virtual assembly process planning is just suitable for the rigid components at present, and puts the virtual assembly process planning to be more practical. Relation algorithms are verified in the self-developed system named virtual assembly process planning (VAPP) system, and this system has been applied in assembly process planning of aerospace-related products.

Real-time, 3-D ultrasound with multiple transducer arrays

Modifications were made to a commercial real-time, three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound system for near simultaneous 3-D scanning with two matrix array transducers. As a first illustration, a transducer cable assembly was modified to incorporate two independent, 3-D intra-cardiac echo catheters, a 7 Fr (2.3 mm O.D.) side scanning catheter and a 14 Fr (4.7 mm O.D) forward viewing catheter with accessory port, each catheter using 85 channels operating at 5 MHz. For applications in treatment of atrial fibrillation, the goal is to place the sideviewing catheter within the coronary sinus to view the whole left atrium, including a pulmonary vein. Meanwhile, the forward-viewing catheter inserted within the left atrium is directed toward the ostium of a pulmonary vein for therapy using the integrated accessory port. Using preloaded, phasing data, the scanner switches between catheters automatically, at the push of a button, with a delay of about 1 second, so that the clinician can view the therapy catheter with the coronary sinus catheter and vice versa. Preliminary imaging studies in a tissue phantom and in vivo show that our system successfully guided the forward-viewing catheter toward a target while being imaged with the sideviewing catheter. The forward-viewing catheter then was activated to monitor the target while we mimicked therapy delivery. In the future, the system will switch between 3-D probes on a line-by-line basis and display both volumes simultaneously.

Regulation of actin cytoskeleton architecture by Eps8 and Abi1

BackgroundThe actin cytoskeleton participates in many fundamental processes including the regulation of cell shape, motility, and adhesion. The remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton is dependent on actin binding proteins, which organize actin filaments into specific structures that allow them to perform various specialized functions. The Eps8 family of proteins is implicated in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton remodeling during cell migration, yet the precise mechanism by which Eps8 regulates actin organization and remodeling remains elusive.ResultsHere, we show that Eps8 promotes the assembly of actin rich filopodia-like structures and actin cables in cultured mammalian cells and Xenopus embryos, respectively. The morphology of actin structures induced by Eps8 was modulated by interactions with Abi1, which stimulated formation of actin cables in cultured cells and star-like structures in Xenopus. The actin stars observed in Xenopus animal cap cells assembled at the apical surface of epithelial cells in a Rac-independent manner and their formation was accompanied by recruitment of N-WASP, suggesting that the Eps8/Abi1 complex is capable of regulating the localization and/or activity of actin nucleators. We also found that Eps8 recruits Dishevelled to the plasma membrane and actin filaments suggesting that Eps8 might participate in non-canonical Wnt/Polarity signaling. Consistent with this idea, mis-expression of Eps8 in dorsal regions of Xenopus embryos resulted in gastrulation defects.ConclusionTogether, these results suggest that Eps8 plays multiple roles in modulating actin filament organization, possibly through its interaction with distinct sets of actin regulatory complexes. Furthermore, the finding that Eps8 interacts with Dsh and induced gastrulation defects provides evidence that Eps8 might participate in non-canonical Wnt signaling to control cell movements during vertebrate development.

Ras1-Induced Hyphal Development in Candida albicans Requires the Formin Bni1

Formins are downstream effector proteins of Rho-type GTPases and are involved in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and actin cable assembly at sites of polarized cell growth. Here we show using in vivo time-lapse microscopy that deletion of the Candida albicans formin homolog BNI1 results in polarity defects during yeast growth and hyphal stages. Deletion of the second C. albicans formin, BNR1, resulted in elongated yeast cells with cell separation defects but did not interfere with the ability of bnr1 cells to initiate and maintain polarized hyphal growth. Yeast bni1 cells were swollen, showed an increased random budding pattern, and had a severe defect in cytokinesis, with enlarged bud necks. Induction of hyphal development in bni1 cells resulted in germ tube formation but was halted at the step of polarity maintenance. Bni1-green fluorescent protein is found persistently at the hyphal tip and colocalizes with a structure resembling the Spitzenkörper of true filamentous fungi. Introduction of constitutively active ras1G13V in the bni1 strain or addition of cyclic AMP to the growth medium did not bypass bni1 hyphal growth defects. Similarly, these agents were not able to suppress hyphal growth defects in the wal1 mutant which is lacking the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) homolog. These results suggest that the maintenance of polarized hyphal growth in C. albicans requires coordinated regulation of two actin cytoskeletal pathways, including formin-mediated secretion and WASP-dependent endocytosis.

Cabut, a C 2H 2 zinc finger transcription factor, is required during Drosophila dorsal closure downstream of JNK signaling

During dorsal closure, the lateral epithelia on each side of the embryo migrate dorsally over the amnioserosa and fuse at the dorsal midline. Detailed genetic studies have revealed that many molecules are involved in this epithelial sheet movement, either with a signaling function or as structural or motor components of the process. Here, we report the characterization of cabut ( cbt), a new Drosophila gene involved in dorsal closure. cbt is expressed in the yolk sac nuclei and in the lateral epidermis. The Cbt protein contains three C 2H 2-type zinc fingers and a serine-rich domain, suggesting that it functions as a transcription factor. cbt mutants die as embryos with dorsal closure defects. Such embryos show defects in the elongation of the dorsal-most epidermal cells as well as in the actomyosin cable assembly at the leading edge. A combination of molecular and genetic analyses demonstrates that cbt expression is dependent on the JNK cascade during dorsal closure, and it functions downstream of Jun regulating dpp expression in the leading edge cells.

A TSP (1,2) application arising in cable assembly shops

One of the main operations in producing cable systems in the automotive industry is that of cutting/stripping/crimping. The most time-consuming activity in this operation is changing the heads whenever a different connector is to be crimped at either one of the ends. This set-up time is practically doubled when the heads at both ends are to be changed. Thus, one is faced with the problem of minimizing the total machine set-up time; which turns out to be a TSP where the distances between the nodes are either one or two. A simple and effective heuristic algorithm is developed that yields solutions, which are only a few percent above the optimum in the worst case.

Analysis on the Effectiveness of the 20-H Rule for Printed-Circuit-Board Layout to Reduce Edge-Radiated Coupling

This paper presents the quantified study of the electromagnetic radiation mechanism of the 20-H rule using a numerical approach that has not yet been systematically addressed. The 20-H rule is a rule-of-thumb layout technique recommended to minimize radiated fields propagating from the edges of a printed circuit board (PCB) coupling onto nearby structures. Propagating electromagnetic fields may corrupt adjacent cable assemblies, sheet metal enclosures, and aperture openings. The magnitude of this design rule is investigated using the full-wave finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. An analysis on whether benefits exist from use of this rule is examined and under what conditions the rule is valid when correctly implemented. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the validity of the 20-H rule, recognizing that every PCB will have different simulation results. FDTD is used to capture a snapshot view of field propagation. This view allows one to determine the validity of the 20-H rule at a single point of time within a dynamic structure and what may be expected when digital components are finally added to a PCB assembly, which generally negates simulated results.

Microtubule Tips Redirect Actin Assembly

In fission yeast, a protein complex that rides on the plus end of growing microtubules regulates establishment of new sites of actin cable assembly, necessary for cell growth, from one to both ends of the rod-shaped cells. Martin et al. describe a direct molecular link between the microtubule tip complex and the formin for3p, the nucleator for assembly of actin cables, which is necessary for this regulatory switch.

Tea4p Links Microtubule Plus Ends with the Formin For3p in the Establishment of Cell Polarity

Microtubules regulate actin-based processes such as cell migration and cytokinesis, but molecular mechanisms are not understood. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, microtubule plus ends regulate cell polarity in part by transporting the kelch repeat protein tea1p to cell ends. Here, we identify tea4p, a SH3 domain protein that binds directly to tea1p. Like tea1p, tea4p localizes to growing microtubule plus ends and to cortical sites at cell ends, and it is necessary for the establishment of bipolar growth. Tea4p binds directly to and recruits the formin for3p, which nucleates actin cable assembly. During "new end take off" (NETO), formation of a protein complex that includes tea1p, tea4p, and for3p is necessary and sufficient for the establishment of cell polarity and localized actin assembly at new cell ends. Our results suggest a molecular mechanism for how microtubule plus ends regulate the spatial distribution of actin assembly.

Convex cones in screw spaces

This work examines different screw systems and analyzes the possible subsets spanned by the various choices of a screw basis when the intensities of the wrenches, applied along the screws of the basis, are not allowed to change sign. Such sets arise in cable robotics, grasping and assembly. Convex screw spaces exhibit a surprising geometric variety, often even inside the same screw system.

Performance comparison of parallel optical interconnects for enterprise servers

There is an emerging need in the computing industry for higher bandwidth, longer distance, and increased density interconnections within clusters of high performance enterprise-class computer systems. Many of these servers share a common set of high level requirements which lend themselves to the use of parallel optical interconnects to either supplement or replace existing copper data buses. In this paper, we describe the results of application testing performed on 12-fiber parallel optical cables and connectors, including a relative comparison between three different multimode cable assembly sources. Assembly loss and effects of both axial and off-axis pull forces are measured for cable samples mated to a laser transmitter array. Significant variations exist in the performance of the same type of cable assembly from different manufacturing sources, particularly concerning their susceptibility to pull forces; we also investigate the effects of fiber strain relief to improve performance of these links. While currently available 12-fiber array connectors are not equivalent in performance to standard duplex connectors, this work suggests areas for future improvement and data communication application requirements which should be considered when using parallel fiber optic arrays.

Carlisle Companies Inc.

AbstractRubber Products (MIC: 11.6 SIC: 3011 NAIC:326211)Carlisle is a manufacturing company. The Industrial Components segment manufactures non‐automotive tires, wheels, transmission belts and accessories. Co. produces rubber and plastic automotive components and roofing membranes and FleeceBACK™ sheeting for flat roofs in its Automotive Components and Construction Materials segments. The Specialty Products segment manufactures heavy‐duty friction and braking systems for trucks and heavy equipment. The General Industry produces aerospace wire, electronic cable and cable assemblies and interconnects, plastic foodservice permanentware and refrigerated truck bodies. The Transportation Products segment produces high‐payload trailers and dump bodies.

Carlisle Companies Inc.

Mergent's Dividend AchieversVolume 2, Issue 2 p. 46-46 U.S. Company Report Carlisle Companies Inc.† First published: 22 April 2005 https://doi.org/10.1002/div.2217 † Contact: : Stephen P. Munn — Chmn. Address: : 13925 Ballantyne Corporate Place, Suite 400, Charlotte, NC 28277 Web Site: : www.carlisle.com AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Rubber Products (MIC: 11.6 SIC: 011 NAIC: 26211) Carlisle is a manufacturing company. The Industrial Components segment manufactures non-automotive tires, wheels, transmission belts and accessories. Co. produces rubber and plastic automotive components and roofing membranes and FleeceBACK™ sheeting for flat roofs in its Automotive Components and Construction Materials segments. The Specialty Products segment manufactures heavy-duty friction and braking systems for trucks and heavy equipment. The General Industry produces aerospace wire, electronic cable and cable assemblies and interconnects, plastic foodservice permanentware and refrigerated truck bodies. The Transportation Products segment produces high-payload trailers and dump bodies. Volume2, Issue2Spring 2005Pages 46-46 RelatedInformation

Insertional assembly of actin filament barbed ends in association with formins produces piconewton forces.

Formins are large multidomain proteins required for assembly of actin cables that contribute to the polarity and division of animal and fungal cells. Formin homology-1 (FH1) domains bind profilin, and highly conserved FH2 domains nucleate actin filaments. We characterized the effects of two formins, budding yeast Bni1p and fission yeast Cdc12p, on actin assembly. We used evanescent wave fluorescence microscopy to observe assembly of actin filaments (i) nucleated by soluble formin FH1FH2 domains and (ii) associated with formin FH1FH2 domains immobilized on microscope slides. Bni1p(FH1FH2)p and Cdc12p(FH1FH2)p nucleated new actin filaments or captured the barbed ends of preformed actin filaments that grew by insertion of subunits between the immobilized formin and the barbed end of the filament. Both formins remained bound to growing actin filament barbed ends for >1,000 sec. Elongation of a filament between an immobilized formin and a second anchor point buckled filament segments as short as 0.7 microm, demonstrating that polymerization of single actin filaments produces forces of >1 piconewton, close to the theoretical maximum. After buckling, further growth produced long loops that did not supercoil, suggesting that formins do not stair step along the two subunits exposed on the growing barbed end. In agreement, Arp2/3 complex branched filaments did not rotate as they grew from formins attached to the slide surface. Formins are not mechanistically identical because barbed end elongation from Cdc12(FH1FH2)p, but not Bni1(FH1FH2)p, requires profilin. However, profilin increased the rate of Bni1(FH1FH2)p-mediated barbed end elongation from 75% to 100% of full-speed.

Carlisle Companies Inc.

AbstractRubber Products (MIC: 11.6 SIC: 3011 NAIC:326211)Carlisle is a manufacturing company. The Industrial Components segment manufactures non‐automotive tires, wheels, transmission belts and accessories. Co. produces rubber and plastic automotive components and roofing membranes and FleeceBACK™ sheeting for flat roofs in its Automotive Components and Construction Materials segments. The Specialty Products segment manufactures heavy‐duty friction and braking systems for trucks and heavy equipment. The General Industry produces aerospace wire, electronic cable and cable assemblies and interconnects, plastic foodservice permanentware and refrigerated truck bodies. The Transportation Products segment produces high‐payload trailers and dump bodies.

Arabidopsis formin AtFH6 is a plasma membrane-associated protein upregulated in giant cells induced by parasitic nematodes.

Plant-parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne spp induce an elaborate permanent feeding site characterized by the redifferentiation of root cells into multinucleate and hypertrophied giant cells. We have isolated by a promoter trap strategy an Arabidopsis thaliana formin gene, AtFH6, which is upregulated during giant cell formation. Formins are actin-nucleating proteins that stimulate de novo polymerization of actin filaments. We show here that three type-I formins were upregulated in giant cells and that the AtFH6 protein was anchored to the plasma membrane and uniformly distributed. Suppression of the budding defect of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae bni1Delta bnr1Delta mutant showed that AtFH6 regulates polarized growth by controlling the assembly of actin cables. Our results suggest that AtFH6 might be involved in the isotropic growth of hypertrophied feeding cells via the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. The actin cables would serve as tracks for vesicle trafficking needed for extensive plasma membrane and cell wall biogenesis. Therefore, determining how plant parasitic nematodes modify root cells into giant cells represents an attractive system to identify genes that regulate cell growth and morphogenesis.