Cabinet System Research Articles

RBIO-03. A SMALL ANIMAL RADIATION RESEARCH PLATFORM (FLASH-SARRP) TO MEASURE IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECT OF ULTRA HIGH DOSE RATE (FLASH) RADIOTHERAPY

Abstract Patients who undergo radiation therapy (RT), particularly fractionated courses, often develop lymphopenia. Clinical outcome for various cancer types, including brain tumors, identifies lymphopenia as a negative prognostic factor. The mechanism for RT induced lymphopenia is unclear. Simulated models suggest the volume of blood flowing through a radiation field could play a crucial role in death of radiosensitive lymphocytes. FLASH RT is ultrahigh dose rate administration of RT, >100 times faster dose rate than standard RT that has been observed to improve the therapeutic ratio in preclinical models by preferential normal tissue sparing. Hypothesized mechanisms include chemical reactions depleting oxygen in well oxygenated normal cells creating radioresistance, differing pro-inflammatory signaling impacting tumor and normal tissue, and less impact on circulating immune cells consequent to decreased proportion exposed during a treatment session which may enhance antineoplastic response. We designed the novel FLASH kV x-ray cabinet system for preclinical laboratory research (FLASH-SARRP) to deliver ultra-high dose rates up to 100 Gy/s as well as conventional dose rates of 1.0 Gy/s to facilitate comparative studies. A custom designed docking system was developed to reproducibly position and immobilize mouse for stereotactic radiation of the brain. Dose and dose rate measurements were performed with calibrated Gafchromic EBT3 film in solid water with 0.025 mm additional copper filter. FLASH-SARRP system delivered kV x-rays at an average dose-rate of 79.2±2.1Gy/s corresponding to 10 mm depth in the immobilized mouse brain. For the delivery of 15 Gy, treatment duration was 0.2 seconds for FLASH RT administration whereas it was 244 seconds for conventional dose rate. We successfully designed a high-precision platform to study partial brain x-ray FLASH effects in mice and studies are ongoing to assess differential impact on normal brain tissue, circulating cytokines, and immune cell populations for single dose and fractionated administration of FLASH and standard radiotherapy.

The Evolution of the British Executive: Cabinet, Prime Minister and Core Executive Model

With the resignation of three prime ministers in the United Kingdom since 2019, the executive organ in the UK has become a topic of controversial discussion in the literature. The longstanding debate regarding who wields significant influence within the Executive branch and how executive power is exercised has reignited. It has been underscored that historically, the executive functioned either through the cabinet system, characterized by a collective decision-making structure, or the prime ministerial system, where the prime minister held primary decision-making authority. This article argues that neither the cabinet nor the prime ministerial system adequately explains the contemporary British executive. By analyzing the institutions of the cabinet and the prime minister's office from both historical and contemporary perspectives, this article seeks to explain this point. Ultimately, it examines the core executive model, positing that multiple actors and various factors such as resources, structure, strategy, and tactics collectively determine the functioning of the British executive today.

Implementasi Smart Helmet Cabinet pada Penyimpanan Helm Berbasis Mobile QR Code

The use of Smart Helmet Cabinet in helmet storage based on Mobile QR Code has been implemented as an innovative solution to overcome the problem of safe and efficient helmet storage. By utilizing QR Code technology, authentication on the system facilitates users in the process of helmet storage and retrieval, as well as ensuring storage security. In addition, several challenges such as the need for reliable access authentication and reduction of access delay are the main focus to improve the effectiveness and reliability of the system. This research discusses the implementation of the Smart Helmet Cabinet by highlighting the benefits as well as potential future developments in improving user experience and security of stored helmets. The ESP32-CAM is used to scan the QR Code to authenticate user access, while the ESP32 NodeMCU controls the relay to open the door of the locker. The test results show that the average delay time for adding locker access is about 4.73 seconds, while access authentication using QR Code takes about 5.99 seconds. The implemented Smart Helmet Cabinet system is able to determine which lockers are given access and identify users by using QR Code as access authentication on the lockers

An improved AO algorithm optimized PID rectification model for wind speed and wind pressure regulation in video cabinet of tobacco sorting machine

Abstract Sorting and removing impurities is the use of raw materials and light impurities suspended speed differences through the wind to separate the hemp, paper, plastic, and other light materials to remove impurities. Article to tobacco sorting machine video cabinet wind pressure control system principle as a guide, combined with the structure of the sorting and impurity removal machine and the principle of wind speed balance designed to balance the wind speed and wind pressure of the tobacco sorting machine. The control model of wind speed and pressure in the video cabinet system of the tobacco sorting machine is established, and the improved AO algorithm is used for the design of the overall PID controller and optimization of the PID controller’s setting parameters. The IAO algorithm optimizes the parameters of the PID setting controller with a steady state error within 3%, and the introduction of the IAO-PID controller can make the wind speed of the sorting machine system control from 16.4m/s to 11.1m/s within 17ms. When the system detects that the negative pressure of wire feeding changes sharply to about 1.12MPa within 20ms and exceeds the differential pressure start value of 0.9MPa set by the sorter system, the tobacco wire feeding anti-clogging function is activated. The PID controller optimized by the IAO algorithm can achieve precise regulation and control of wind speed and pressure of tobacco sorting machines, improving the sorting efficiency of tobacco production.

Parliamentary Democracy: Mechanisms, Challenges, and the Quest for Effective Governance

Parliamentary democracy is a governance system where the executive branch derives legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislative branch. This system is characterized by the presence of a parliament that represents the will of the people and holds significant decision-making power. In this system, the Mechanisms include the election process, separation of powers, cabinet system, and parliamentary representation. In the Parliamentary form of government, Challenges encompass political instability, coalition politics, party polarization, and the risk of executive dominance and corruption. The quest for effective governance involves inclusive decision-making, strengthening institutions, electoral reforms, transparency, accountability, civic education, and adaptability to change. Navigating these dynamics is crucial for sustaining a parliamentary democracy that is responsive, accountable, and capable of meeting the diverse needs of its citizenry.

Strengthening Indonesia's Cabinet System: Embracing the Zaken Cabinet

Objective: This study aims to explore the evolution of Indonesia's cabinet system and argues for the adoption of the "Zaken Cabinet" model, emphasizing its potential to enhance governance effectiveness and address contemporary challenges. The objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the Zaken Cabinet and its applicability to the Indonesian context.
 
 Theoretical Framework: The research is grounded in historical and contemporary contexts, comparing Indonesia's current cabinet system with the Zaken Cabinet model, which is characterized by technocratic, non-partisan, and expertise-driven attributes. The theoretical framework examines how such a model can bridge governance gaps and contribute to efficient decision-making, policy implementation, and administrative performance.
 
 Method: This study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing historical analysis, comparative assessment, and policy evaluation. Data is collected through literature review, document analysis, and expert interviews. The research focuses on the merits and demerits of the Zaken Cabinet model and its potential phased adoption in Indonesia.
 
 Result and Conclusion: The analysis reveals that adopting the Zaken Cabinet model in Indonesia could significantly enhance governance efficiency. While there are challenges in implementing this model, its benefits, such as non-partisanship and expertise-driven decision-making, outweigh the drawbacks. In conclusion, embracing the Zaken Cabinet can reinforce Indonesia's cabinet system, leading to more effective governance and sustainable development.
 
 Originality/Value: This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on governance in Indonesia by proposing the adoption of the Zaken Cabinet model as a novel approach. The study's value lies in its potential to address contemporary challenges, strengthen decision-making, and improve administrative performance in the country's evolving governance landscape.

Effect of an automated dispensing cabinet system on drug distribution effectiveness in a surgical unit

The use of the automated dispensing cabinet (ADC) for drug distribution in hospitals has become increasingly common and has numerous benefits.This retrospective study assessed the effectiveness of an ADC that uses integrated information technology in the drug distribution process in a surgical unit as part of a smart medical process improvement project at Taichung Veterans General Hospital in 2019. The outcomes include medicine delivery time, working time of healthcare professionals, transportation manpower, dispensing errors, and satisfaction of nursing staff with the medication distribution process. After ADC implementation, the average waiting time of standing orders decreased significantly for both on and off duty periods (40.0 ± 27.6 to 3.0 ± 3.9 min, P < 0.001; 45.2 ± 25.8 to 2.9 ± 2.9 min, P < 0.001; respectively). Similar results were observed with immediate or temporary medication orders (54.4 ± 31.5 to 2.0 ± 3.0 min, P < 0.001; 64.0 ± 47.5 to 1.5 ± 1.8 min, P < 0.001; respectively). The average time spent by operation room and post-operation room (OR/POR) nurses on communicating with ward nurses for medication delivery to OR/POR was shortened by 46.9 ± 4.4 h per month, and the average time pharmacists spent on dispensing immediate or temporary medication orders was shortened by 5.6 ± 0.2 h per month. The satisfaction of nursing staff with the OR/POR drug delivery process was significantly improved after ADC implementation (3.2 ± 0.8 vs 4.2 ± 0.7, P < 0.001).Our results showed that ADC implementation in surgical units simplified drug delivery processes, shortened drug delivery time, improved drug delivery timeliness for surgical patients, decreased dispensing errors, and increased nursing staff satisfaction. In conclusion, the implementation of ADC was beneficial for surgical units. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies on a similar ADC system.

Characterization of Radiographic and Molecular Changes in Mouse Brain after FLASH Irradiation

Despite refinements in treatment platforms such as incorporation of high-resolution imaging and real time motion tracking, the amount of radiation dose delivered safely to a particular tissue type is limited by both tissue intrinsic and extrinsic factors. FLASH radiotherapy (RT), delivery of relatively high radiation dose at dose rates several orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional (CONV) dose-rates, may change that paradigm due to normal tissue sparing characteristics of FLASH RT. Our Radiation Oncology Physics division developed a novel FLASH kV x-ray cabinet system for preclinical laboratory research. Here we utilize this technology to establish optimal radiation parameters for FLASH effect in brain tissue of a murine model. A range of total radiation dose and dose rates that are considered to be within the window for FLASH effect are being investigated. We have identified several measurable and clinically meaningful toxicity outcomes, including radiation necrosis and blood brain barrier integrity, to assess FLASH effects in brain tissue. A high-capacity rotating anode x-ray tube was implemented for FLASH irradiation, operating at 150 kVp with 0.025 mm Cu added filtration. A custom 3D printed immobilization tool was designed to reproducibly position animals for stereotactic irradiation of the brain. Dose and dose rate measurements were performed with calibrated radiographic film in kV solid water. Conventional dose rate irradiations were delivered using a standard laboratory irradiator (SARRP) operating at the same kVp and filtration. The depth-dose gradients in solid water were compared between the irradiators. Healthy 8-week-old C57BL6J mice were then irradiated with graded doses of FLASH and CONV x-rays (10- 60 Gy) using a single 1-cm wide AP field. Dose was prescribed to the center of the brain, at a depth of 3.25 mm. RT-induced necrosis is being monitored by serial biweekly MR imaging using a 7-T preclinical MRI machine. Histopathological changes will be assessed through H&E staining of harvested brain at 3-months post-irradiation (n = 5 per arm). FITC-Dextran infusion will be performed prior to necropsy to assess blood-brain barrier integrity. Animal setup for stereotactic FLASH brain irradiation was reproducible to within 0.5mm. Measured dose rates were 75.6 Gy/s for FLASH and 3.8 Gy/min for conventional irradiations. At 5-mm depth in solid water, the PDDs agreed to within 4% between SARRP and FLASH Irradiator. Biweekly T1 post and T2 weighted image acquisition is currently underway. Histology and FITC-Dextran data will be presented when available. We have successfully designed a high-precision platform to study x-ray FLASH effects in mice brain model. Evaluation of dose window for brain FLASH effect and molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon is an important step in the potential translation of FLASH RT for brain irradiation.

프랑스 이원정부제(혼합정부제)의 시사점

The reason why the Constitution exists is ultimately to guarantee the basic rights of the people. State power is only a means to guarantee that. Therefore, the issue of the form of government on how to organize and exercise the power of the state should be the primary goal of guaranteeing the basic rights and improving the welfare of the people.&#x0D; In the meantime, various proposals have been presented regarding the constitutional amendment of the form of government, such as the dual executive system, the US-type pure presidential system, and the parliamentary cabinet system, etc. Among them, amending the Constitution of the dual executive system has risen rapidly since 2008, and in 2009, the National Assembly Constitutional Research Advisory Committee proposed the dual executive system as its first proposal, and in 2014, the National Assembly Constitutional Amendment Advisory Committee proposed it adding to the provisions of the Constitution as a constitutional amendment.&#x0D; The reasons for Korea's interest in the dual executive system can be summarized as follows: ➀ the need to divide power in the current presidential system, ➁ promoting the realization of responsible politics, ➂ satisfying the desire of the people for a direct presidential system, and ➃ the similarity between the current Constitution and the dual executive system, including the prime ministerial system, etc.&#x0D; France is a representative country adopting the dual executive system, and in the case of France, regime change is frequent. In the principle way that whether or not a regime change is well carried out is a criterion for diagnosing the soundness of a country's democracy, while democratic management of the state by the current government is also important for a regime change, it must be accompanied by institutional support to ensure that regime change occurs in a timely manner and following the will of the people.&#x0D; In this respect, the French dual executive system is considered that it is institutionally more suitable than other forms of government to realize the political will of the people as sovereigns in that both the presidential election and the National Assembly election can practically realize regime change.&#x0D; Each form of government has advantages and disadvantages. In principle, it was said that no matter how good the clothes are, they must fit my body to be my ones. Depending on the history, unique culture, and political situation of each country, the advantages in any country can also act as disadvantages in other countries. Therefore, even when discussing the form of government, not only the institution itself should be analyzed, but the history, unique culture, and political situation of each country should be analyzed equally along with institutional theories.

Design brushless DC motor control by using proportional-integral strategy for a smart storage cabinet system

As well know, the use of high technology is more and more encouraged in many countries to decrease the costs, time, and human resources. This paper presents a speed control of brushless DC motor (BLDC), which was applied for the smart storage cabinets. BLDC motor is proposed due to its low costs, high torque, and high performance. The proportional-integral (PI) controller is constructed for the speed control of the movement of cabinet systems. First, the mathematical model and transfer function of the BLDC motor is rewritten to show the structure of the BLDC motor. Second, the proposed PI controller is designed based on the tuning Ziegler-Nichols method and the PI controller is also expressed by the discretized form for BLDC motor. Third, the working principle of BLDC motor is clearly represented and analyzed. Forth, the detail configuration of the experimental system is presented. The STM32 microcontroller unit (MCU) was used to execute. Finally, the experimental test was implemented to validate the power of the proposed controller in practical cases. The experimental results at no-load and load were shown that the power of proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is good at tracking the desired speed signals.

A Comparison of the Political Systems of Pakistan and India (1947-2000)

Both Pakistan and India chose parliamentary democracy as their system of government when they gained independence in August 1947. However, for more than 50 years after independence, Pakistan has not been able to establish a stable parliamentary democratic system of government. The constitution has been abrogated or discontinued several times, and the system of government has been unpredictable, with a cabinet system at times, a presidential system at others, and a military regime for almost half of the time. But since its beginning, India's parliamentary democracy has not evolved. The experience of India's 50 years of nation-building shows that parliamentary democracy has been accepted by the people and politicians of India. The international community generally agrees that the implementation of parliamentary democracy in India has been a success and that its development has been healthy. Why, then, are there such contrasts in the establishment and implementation of the system of government in two countries that share the same historical background and declared independence at the same time? One had a functioning parliamentary democracy, while the other had frequent regime changes and successive military regimes. This article attempts a preliminary examination and comparison of this issue.

Стратегия принятия предложения в политическом дискурсе

This study reviewed several previous studies related to political discourse, and among them, special attention was paid to the research of N. Fairclough and I. Fairclough. It has been argued that the acceptance strategy discourse has a distinctive argument structure as opposed to the general argument discourse. Putin's speech to the Russian Parliament was analyzed. In Putin's speech, it was found that in the discourse of acceptance strategy, the utterance motive, the proposition premise, and the proposition premise considerations can function as categories of arguments. Putin elaborated on the content of the proposal and at the same time suggested that the proposal was a practical and broad issue, stating that there was such a public opinion among citizens; however, Putin's speech emphasized that it is inappropriate to exclude the presidential term from the constitution without expressing his intention to accept the proposal directly; however, he expressed his opinion on the argument that would allow the incumbent to run for the next presidential election. He presented 1) substantive premises that the current Russian constitutional system is weak and there is an active debate about the presidential system; 2) the value premise that the amendment bill would strengthen our sovereignty, traditions and values; 3) alternatives that the parliamentary cabinet system not suitable for the current stage. This series of structures of argumentation has been seen to emphasize that Tereshkova's proposal is significant. In this study, a discourse strategy that reinforces the validity of a proposal without explicitly making a claim was named unrevealed statements. This strategy was considered to have the advantage of maximizing the effect of the utterance, providing only a persuasive argument without compromising the speaker's image in any way.

Administrative Reform and Administrative Responsibility

In this paper, I introduce the history of major administrative reforms of Japan and elucidate the views to administrative responsibilities in these administrative reforms.&#x0D; The central government of Japan has implemented major administrative reforms three times. These reforms covered various areas, including cabinet system, administrative organization system, civil service system, and inter-governmental system. The plans of these reforms have been formulated by the councils which were established temporarily. These councils were the First Extraordinary Administration Research Council (the First Council, established in 1963), the Second Extraordinary Administration Research Council (the Second Council, established in 1981) and the Administrative Reform Council (established in 1996).&#x0D; In this paper, I examine, among various meanings of administrative responsibilities, how the three councils had evaluated each meanings. For this purpose, I classify the various responsibilities into the three concepts which are derived from the theories of administrative responsibilities dating back to Friedrich and Finer debate. The three concepts are (1) responsibility as ability, (2) responsibility as extent, and (3) accountability. Responsibility as ability is the responsibility of each administrative organ fulfilled by resolving public issues actively and autonomically. Responsibility as extent means the extent of each administrative organ to have a responsibility for dealing with public issues within society. Accountability is the external type of responsibility in which the public and the congress hold administrative organs accountable for their activity through formal institution.&#x0D; Considering the views to administrative responsibilities of each council, I note the impact of the socioeconomic contexts. Each council had been established under different socioeconomic contexts including the scale of revenue, the degree of trust in the government, and the demands from other countries. I show these contexts influenced not only the contents of the reform but also the views on administrative responsibilities.&#x0D; The overview of the results of this study is following.&#x0D; The First Council emphasized responsibility as ability and responsibility as extent. Due to high economic growth and strong need to improve social infrastructure, the First Council expected administrative organs to actively improve social structure using increasing revenue.&#x0D; The Second Council recommended improving responsibility as ability, but reducing responsibility as extent. During this period, the central government of Japan, like other developed countries, faced the oil shock. The government decided to adopt such views in order to sustain the welfare state.&#x0D; The Administrative Reform Council focused on the introduction of accountability. The reasons for the high commitment were the criticisms of unclear administration from other countries, administrative failures and scandals, and the change of government.&#x0D; Lastly, I briefly summarize the view towards administrative responsibility from 2000 to 2020 in Japan. During this period, the government has expanded responsibility as extent through establishing agencies and improved responsibility as ability based on introducing various methods.&#x0D; This presentation contributes to the clarification of the relationship between the socioeconomic environment, the views of the person in charge of administrative reform and the content of administrative reform.

The prediction for optimum combination of high pressure and intermediate pressure on a small refrigerated cabinet with CO2 transcritical two-stage cycle

It is universally acknowledged that the use of two-stage cycle can effectively improve the comprehensive performance of the CO2 refrigeration system. There exists an optimum combination of high pressure and intermediate pressure in a CO2 refrigeration system with transcritical two-stage cycle where the system yields the best coefficient of performance (COP). In this paper, a novel double-iteration method is used to predict the optimum combination of high pressure and intermediate pressure of a CO2 refrigerated cabinet system with transcritical two-stage cycle and the accuracy of prediction is experimentally verified. Then, the validated thermodynamic model is employed to identify the calculation accuracies of related existing correlations for calculating the optimum high pressure and the optimum intermediate pressure under various conditions. The results show that the thermodynamic model has enough accuracy to predict the optimum combination of high and intermediate pressures with an error less than 2.07%. Among the several major existing correlations, ′′Sarkar + Yari′′ (-10 °C≤Te≤10 °C, 30 °C≤Tgc,o≤50 °C) display the most accurate results to calculate the combination of high and intermediate pressures of a CO2 transcritical cycle. Meanwhile, the difference of thermodynamic performance predicted by the model and ′′Sarkar + Yari′′ correlations can be negligible (approximate to 0).

Estimating Seismic Demands of a Single-Door Electrical Cabinet System Based on the Performance Limit-State of Concrete Shear Wall Structures

The electrical cabinet systems in power plants are critical non-structural components to maintaining sustainable operation and preventing unexpected accidents during extreme events. This system consists of various electrical equipment such as relays, circuit breakers, and switches enclosed by a steel cabinet for the protection of the equipment. The cabinet systems are installed in and protected by structures so that the cabinet’s behavior is totally dependent on the behavior of the structures when subjected to an earthquake. Therefore, it is essential to qualify the seismic performance of the cabinet system considering the effect of the primary structure where the electrical cabinet system is mounted. In addition, with the implementation of ASCE-43 design standards for nuclear facilities, facility design allowing nonlinear behavior has gained greater attention in nuclear power plants, and research on how the response of the cabinet varies according to allowable damage levels of structures is needed. In this study, Finite Element (FE) models of a single-door electrical cabinet and concrete shear wall structure validated through experimental data are used for a decoupled analysis to estimate the seismic demands of the electrical cabinet. Three different earthquake loadings, referred to as EQ#13, #17, and #19, used in the SMART-2013 project are selected to obtain floor responses of the concrete structure, and the loadings lead to different levels of damage (minor, moderate, and major damage, respectively) to the structure. Finally, the floor responses based on levels of the damage to the primary structure are applied to the electrical cabinet system as input loadings for the decoupled analysis. Thus, this study presents the effects of the cabinet elevation and performance limit-state for concrete shear wall structures on the response of the electrical cabinet, and it shows that while the difference in seismic demands is not significant in the minor and moderate damage states, a meaningful difference occurs in the degree of the major damage state.

Knowledge Is Power: The Staffing Advantage of Parliamentary and Ministerial Offices

AbstractThis article analyses the distribution of staff resources between party offices. While earlier studies have compared central and parliamentary offices, this study also includes ministerial offices. To capture fully the differences in staffing, I examine both the quantity (staff size) and quality (education, experience, tasks) of their staffs. The empirical section is based on a cross-sectional analysis of original survey data collected among political staffers in Belgium and the Netherlands (N= 1,009). While the Belgian cabinet system includes extensive ministerial offices, ministerial staff is limited in the Dutch non-cabinet system. The results show how this institutional difference shapes parties' internal distribution of resources. While the party in parliament does not have a clear staffing advantage over the party in central office in Belgium, they are both eclipsed by the large, highly qualified party in the executive. In the Netherlands, the impact of ministerial offices is negligible and the staff of the party in parliament is both larger and more qualified than the staff of the party in central office.

『도헌』의 법률적 구성과 제도적 장치 연구

The purpose of this study is to analyze the ideological background, legal composition, and separation of powers contained within the institutional devices of The Dao Constitution based on the basic principles of the legal system, which would be embodied in The Constitution of the Republic of Korea. The ideological background of The Dao Constitution is that of the religion, Daesoon Jinrihoe. In Daesoon Jinrihoe, it is held that the Supreme God, Sangje, determined that Mutual Contention, the ruling pattern of the Former World, ran contrary to His divine will and this endangered the world as nature and humans had also fallen into Mutual Contention. As an act of divine intervention, Sangje established Mutual Beneficence so that nature and humanity could follow Mutual Beneficence as a paradigm shift culminating in a Great Opening of the universe. Sangje, the agent behind the paradigm shift, revealed His divine will that humans transform into mutually beneficent humans. Therefore, The Dao Constitution was written to be a set of fundamental norms based on the ‘rights and obligations of the members of Daesoon Jinrihoe’ to accept and implement the will of Sangje as it applies to each member’s mission. The legal composition of The Dao Constitution consists of the body and supplementary provisions. The text consists of general rules, moral rights and obligations, origins, and institutional devices. Institutional devices include the Central Council, the Institute of Propagation and Edition, the Institute of Religious Services, Works, Financial Management, and the Institute of Audit and Inspection. The legal composition of The Dao Constitution is similar to that of the Constitution. The difference is that while the Constitution applies a ‘principle of maximum rights and minimum obligations,’ The Dao Constitution stipulates more obligations than rights in order to complete the mission of the members. The principle of separation of powers is applied to the institutional devices in The Dao Constitution. In The Dao Constitution, the organizational form of the central headquarters has been divided into a ‘before and after’ scheme surrounding the death of Dojeon. The organizational form of the central headquarters prior to Dojeon’s death was similar to a Constitutional Monarchy. After the death of Dojeon, the central headquarters’ organizational form became similar to a parliamentary cabinet system. The separation of powers at central headquarters is divided among a legislative power (the Central Council), an executive power (the Institute of Religious Services), and a judicial power (the Institute of Audit and Inspection). The separation of powers within the functions of the central government first occurs between the Central Council and its employees, then between the Central Council and the Institute of Auditing and Inspection, and also between the Legislative Government and the Institute of Religious Services. Furthermore, the principle of a vertical separation of powers exists between the central headquarters and the local organization.

Design and Development of Intelligent Vending Cabinet System

Common vending cabinets prevalent in today’s market precludes distant knowledge about the actual sales of a specific cabinet, thereby necessitating the daily inspection of all the cabinets by the administrator. The designing of a new vending cabinet that allows the administrator to replenish goods based on the system data will save labor costs and improve profits.

An Empirical Study on the Application of "Responsibility Cabinet System" to Class Management in Higher Vocational College

The traditional Chinese class management mode has advantages as well as shortcomings. Educational researchers are exploring the application of the "responsible cabinet system" to the class management of students. This study applies this management mode to the actual class management and conducts a test. The study uses teacher experience comparison, student cognition comparison, and horizontal comparison of classes under different management modes to clarify the application of the "responsible cabinet system" to class management in higher vocational college.

The Capital Market Response to The Announcement of The 2019-2024 Indonesia Onward Cabinet System

This research aims to examine capital market response to the 2019-2024 Indonesia Onward Cabinet System announced by President Jokowi. This event study research used market estimation model to estimate the expected return with an estimated period of 100 days and window period of seven days. There were 90 companies that are the member of Kompas Index 100 as the sample used in this research. T-test was used to analyze the data. The result shows that the announcement System of Indonesia Onward Cabinet 2019-2024 was responded positively and significantly by capital market. The result supports signaling theory in which the announcement of the 2019-2024 Indonesia Onward Cabinet System gave positive signal (influence) on capital market.