Cabinet Furniture Research Articles

A Bayesian hypothesis testing model for quality control of mass customized cabinet manufacturing process

The demand for customization of cabinets and homes has increased, and customized product components are cumbersome in size and time-consuming. In order to realize the mass production of customized cabinet furniture, research from the custom design, optimization of factory machine production process and quality inspection, as well as the flow of the way, is to realize the fundamental method of large-scale production of cabinet furniture. Based on modern intelligent information processing functions instead of manual ordering, order splitting, and unit parts for reasonable division of classification, optimize the topology of the production line, to achieve modern intelligent production of panels. However, in the production process, there is a lack of on-line inspection of some links, and the yield of the product is affected. This thesis establishes a Bayesian hypothesis testing model based on the topological model of the production line process, and through the actual production data, the defective nodes of the manufacturing process are retraced to achieve the purpose of optimizing the customized production.

Effect of different postures and loads on joint motion and muscle activity in older adults during overhead retrieval.

Introduction: Pain is a common health problem among older adults worldwide. Older adults tend to suffer from arm, lumbar, and back pain when using hanging cabinets. Methods: This study used surface electromyography to record muscle activity and a motion capture system to record joint motion to research effects of different loads and retrieval postures on muscle activity and joint range of motion when older adults retrieve objects from a high place, to provide optimised feedback for the design of hanging cabinet furniture. Results: We found that: 1) The activity of BB (Biceps brachii) on the side of the body interacting with the cabinet door was greater than that of UT (Upper trapezius) and BR (Brachial radius) when retrieving objects from a high place, the activity of UT on the side of the body interacting with a heavy object was greater than that of BB and BR. 2) The activity of UT decreases when the shoulder joint angle is greater than 90°, but the activity of BB increases as the angle increases. In contrast, increasing the object's mass causes the maximum load on the shoulder joint. 3) Among the different postures for overhead retrieval, alternating between the right and left hand is preferable for the overhead retrieval task. 4) Age had the most significant effect on overhead retrieval, followed by height (of person), and load changes were significantly different only at the experiment's left elbow joint and the L.BR. 5) Older adults took longer and exerted more effort to complete the task than younger adults, and static exercise in older adults may be more demanding on muscle activity in old age than powered exercise. Conclusion: These results help to optimise the design of hanging cabinet furniture. Regarding the height of hanging cabinets, 180 cm or less is required for regular retrieval movements if the human height is less than 150 cm. Concerning the depth of the hanging cabinets, different heights chose different comfort distances, which translated into the depth of the hanging cabinets; the greater the height, the greater the depth of the hanging cabinets to use.

Wooden sandwich panels with auxetic core for furniture - experimental and numerical analysis

Honeycomb panels manufactured from wood and paper materials promote a high-value utilization of wood resources. However, the poor mechanical properties and uncommon thicknesses (32 and 40 mm) of paper honeycomb panels limit their application and promotion in the panel furniture industry. Hence, numerous attempts have been made to develop high-strength and low-density wood sandwich composites for the frames and partitions of cabinet furniture. This paper describes a method for manufacturing lightweight sandwich panels (18 mm thickness) with auxetic cores, made of fast-growing poplar. The mechanical properties of the panels and the negative Poisson's ratio of the perforated sheet cores were determined by three-point bending and uniaxial compression tests. The lower density, higher modulus of elasticity, and bending strength suggest that the developed panel is a good substitute for traditional wood-based panels. A numerical model for panels in bending tests is proposed and validated against the experimental analysis results. These investigations facilitate further research into optimizing the sandwich panel structure and its applicability in the architectural and furniture industry.

METHODICAL APPROACHES TO DESIGNING CABINET KITCHEN FURNITURE

The aim of this study is to identify the main approaches and develop methods for creating individual design of kitchen cabinet furniture. The kitchen with its furniture and equipment is an important part of the environment of residential buildings. Since equipping the kitchen with modern furniture, the latest materials and accessories also influences the formation of the artistic appearance of the interior, the study of the design of cabinet furniture in the living space is very important and timely at the present stage.
 Methodology. The study used the analysis of literature sources on the design of furniture; structural and system analysis; synthesis of research results; computer modelling.
 Results. Two main approaches to the design of kitchen cabinet furniture are identified: "from consumer to product" and "from product to consumer"; a method of creating individual design of kitchen furniture within the "from consumer to product" approach is developed; features of the "from product to consumer" approach are formulated. It is determined that the first approach is related to the individual design of furniture, in which certain wishes, requirements and ideas of the customer create the algorithm of work. These requirements can be dictated by the specifics of the interior of the room from aesthetic and functional points of view. The second approach is aimed at mass-produced kitchen furniture, which is more in line with large furniture production, where it is the manufacturer who selects the design, and the consumers adjust their desires to the offer of the company, which is more suitable for low-income consumers.
 Scientific novelty. For the first time, the basic approaches to the design of kitchen cabinet furniture are defined and characterized, and methods of creating individual design of kitchen cabinet furniture within the "from the consumer to the product" approach are developed.
 The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their application for designers and manufacturers in the design of kitchen cabinet furniture.

Особенности распределенного проектирования в мультиагентной среде ВКБМ с использованием облачных технологий

The typical feature of the modern furniture market is the focus on the individual requirements of end customers. Custom-made production is designed to satisfy these requests. It imposes strict requirements to the timing and quality of design and technological preparation of the furniture production. By now only few domestic furniture enterprises have the necessary financial and human resources for fast and high-quality design development. The article describes the features of the approach to solving the design and engineering preproduction problems based on the virtual furniture design bureau (VFDB) concept. This concept means developing of the unified control environment which can provide fast and high-quality carrying out the furniture design orders from different distributed enterprises. For modeling the controlled design environment, it is suggested to use a multi-agent approach, which provides for interaction between different types of agents working on the same or different projects. As an example, four types of agents are identified in the article and their main functions are described in relation to the object structural and attribute model (OSAM) usage, which provides a multidimensional model representation of the cabinet furniture product design. To solve the main tasks of the design and engineering preproduction, agents should be equipped with appropriate design and management tools. The necessary tools should be included in modern CAD systems. It is suggested to implement the access of design participants to the necessary CAD software using cloud technologies based on time-based remote licensing of software modules. An example of such software is the BAZIS-Cloud service, which is provided by the Bazis-Center company. This service provides a solution to a number of the cabinet furniture design and engineering preproduction tasks in on-line mode using time-based remote licensing.

The pallet-loading problem solution with the use of heuristic algorithms

The paper focuses on solving the problems of scheduling and delivery problems using heuristic algorithms. The planning of delivery schedule and truck loading made by employees may not be optimal in terms of time and costs, which might lead to delays and excessive expenses. Such leads to a necessity of optimization these delivery problems with heuristic algorithms. As a solution of these problems was analysed a type of heuristic algorithm - Tabu Search. The goals of this work were to examine the possibility of applying this algorithm to improve the efficiency of the delivery service in general and to organize the pallets layout during delivery in particular. To validate and verify the effectiveness of the methodology, this work was carried out in cooperation with an enterprise that distributes cabinet furniture. The main task of delivery system in this case study was to determine the pallets organization in the luggage boot of a truck in a way of optimal correlation with a route. Based on the optimization results, it can be established that the reviewed method might be considered as satisfactorily successful. By comparing the optimized route and pallet layout with the one obtained by empirical and intuitive methods of route and organization, the former obtained a shorter delivery time, and consequently reduced logistics costs. This work demonstrate that heuristic algorithms can be used to find a solution close to optimal in a relatively short period of time and are acceptable from a practical point of view.

Application of Product Life Cycle Management Method in Furniture Modular Design

With the rapid development of informatization and network technology, it has become an inevitable trend to use informatization to drive industrialization, industrialization to promote informatization, and high-tech to improve China’s traditional manufacturing industry. In order to conform to the trend of furniture development, combined with the characteristics of China’s furniture manufacturing industry, this paper analyzes the sustainability of multifunctional furniture based on the whole life cycle of the product, and improves the sustainable utilization rate of multifunctional furniture at each stage of the life cycle, and then apply the modular concept for structural design. At the same time, the paper studies the modular design of imitation solid wood frame cabinet furniture. This paper proposes a method of producing and designing imitation solid wood frame cabinet furniture by using the cabinet module of panel furniture. This design method makes it possible to change the shape and style through a wide variety of decorative modules, under the condition that the basic modules of the cabinet are the same as the panel furniture, to produce imitation solid wood frame furniture with different styles. The research results show that this paper redefines multifunctional furniture based on the product life cycle, proposes a new definition of multifunctional furniture under the sustainable concept, and proposes the design process of multifunctional furniture. At the same time, the application of a multifunctional furniture design process for furniture design can effectively improve the sustainability of furniture.

Analysis of low requirement justification of the current standard for the strength of wood particle boards

Currently, wood particle boards made of crushed shavings are widely used in the production of cabinet furniture, despite their shortcomings. The volume of particle board production in Russia is constantly growing. The main disadvantages of the boards include their toxicity associated with the release of gas (formaldehyde) harmful to humans above the permissible level (PL = 0.01 mg/m3 of air), low strength properties (especially bending strength) and limited areas of application of the boards. If we trace the dynamics of the technical requirements for these properties of boards according to the standards, then the question arises - what is the reason for the decrease in the requirements for the strength of boards in bending and, in this regard, the limitation of the application areas of particle board? A regular decrease in the requirements in the newly introduced State Standards has been constantly occurring since 1977, but this is especially noticeable in the current 10632-2014 State Standard. This article focuses on the possible objective and subjective reasons for the low requirements of the current standard for the strength of wood particle board.

Features of forensic commodity examination of upholstered and cabinet furniture

The main task solved by forensic experts while studying furniture is to define its quality conditioned by a complex of consumer properties formed in the process of manufacturing and maintenance of such furniture.
 The purpose of this article is to study main signs allowing to identify falsification or counterfeiting of furniture, and requirements for labeling.
 The upholstered furniture of the provided manufacturer is characterized by the following features: a frame is made of natural wood, dried automaticallyin compliance with all norms and standards; particular attention is drawn to the quality of components; high-quality foam rubber is used to fill the mattress blocks which are tested for elasticity, wear resistance, certification, etc. Cabinet furniture of the provided manufacturer has the following characteristics: high quality workpieces, smooth, without knots along the entire length of a saw cut; wood edges are straightened at all areas of parts; when drilling attachment holes, the vertical and horizontal drilling accuracy is strictly controlled; furniture fittings correspond to a general artistic decision of furniture, have a long service life.
 When conducting a forensic commodity examination of furniture, it is proposed to carry out its research in the following sequence: identify product characteristics, dimensional characteristics, shortcomings, causes of defects and their nature by the method of organoleptic examination and linear measurements; the method of comparative research establishes compliance or non-compliance of a studied product with regulatory requirements set for products of this commodity group, presence of defects in semi-finished products, quality of wood drying process, execution of the wood sawing process and manufacture of parts, quality of the process of manufacturing a frame, upholstery and finishing.
 When evaluating the quality of furniture, it is needed to take into account their compliance with requirements, governed regulations for design, standards and other documents.

Analysis of the competitiveness of furniture industry enterprises

The work is devoted to the analysis of the competitiveness of furniture industry enterprises producing cabinet furniture. In addition, a comparative analysis was carried out using a point-based assessment system and a competitiveness polygon was built.

Proposed changes to some wood composites standards

For the manufacture of cabinet furniture, chipboards and medium-density fibreboards (MDF) are widely used. By test methods for physical and mechanical properties, they must comply with the requirements of the relevant state standards. Analysis of some of these standards has shown that some of the test methods need to be changed. These state standards include: for fiberboards - GOST 32687-014; for MDF – GOST 10635-88 and GOST 23234-2009.

МУЛЬТИАГЕНТНЫЙ ПОДХОД К РАЗРАБОТКЕ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОЦЕССОМ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕННОГО ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ МЕБЕЛИ

Custom-made industrial production of cabinet furniture, focused on the needs of end-user of furniture products, imposes a number of stringent requirements on the process of designing new products. As a basic condition ensuring the fulfillment of these requirements, a modern concept of a virtual furniture design bureau (VFDB) is proposed, within which the distributed (combined) design of furniture products and ensembles is implemented. For effective development of distributed projects in a multi-agent environment of VFDB, it is necessary to use a management system that ensures coordination of the work of project participants, monitoring the current state of the project, notifying project participants about various situations in project work, etc. A feature of this control system is its invariance, i.e. independence from the design tools used in the work on the project, as well as the possibility of its dynamic adjustment to the specific structure of the design process. It is proposed to use a serial-parallel pipeline of the design as a conceptual model of the distributed design process.

The problem of using composite materials with urea-formaldehyde oligomeric binder in residential premises

Currently, cabinet furniture is made mainly of composite materials, such as chipboard, oriented strand board, fiberboard and medium-density fiberboard. Despite increasing demand for this type of product, the plates produced by the domestic industry (especially chipboard) have a drawback - a toxicity due to the release of formaldehyde harmful to humans. Thus, the solution to the issue of reducing the toxicity of chipboard is currently turning into a problem. This problem is comprehensively covered in the article.

ОСНОВНІ МАТЕРІАЛИ В ДИЗАЙНІ СУЧАСНИХ КОРПУСНИХ МЕБЛІВ КУХНІ

The purpose of the article is to analyze the basic materials used in the design of modern cabinet furniture in the kitchen and determine their qualitative and aesthetic gradations.The article applies methods of analysis and synthesis and information processing. The varieties and characteristics of materials for the manufacture of kitchen cabinet furniture of modern apartments from the existing range of materials are analyzed. Materials for the manufacture of kitchen furniture were classified and divided into certain categories, their use in these categories was also determined. It was proposed to classify the materials that are used in the manufacture of kitchen furniture in modern apartments according to qualitative and aesthetic gradation. The criteria for assessing the qualitative and aesthetic gradation of materials are: naturalness and environmental friendliness of materials, reuse of materials, use of innovative technologies and solutions. The cost of the material according to the 100-point system highlighted a definite connection between the high price of the material and its qualitative and aesthetic appearance. One of the main criteria of modern production is the ability to combine materials and the use of materials in original places of structures. The possibility of varying and combining, the use of materials in original places of designs - gives the product uniqueness and competitiveness in the furniture market. A comprehensive analysis of the basic materials used in the design of modern cabinet furniture in the kitchen is carried out and their qualitative and aesthetic gradations, the estimated ball cost of the materials are determined, and options for combining materials are proposed. The results can be used by designers in the design of kitchen cabinet furniture of modern apartments, as well as in their subsequent production. The results of the study give an image of the materials in the design of modern cabinet furniture, and will help not only in professional design, but also in the educational process.

ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PRODUK PADA USAHA HOME INDUSTRY FURNITURE BAPAK KARSIDIN DI KELURAHAN LOKBAHU KECAMATAN SUNGAI KUNJANG KOTA SAMARINDA

Product quality control is very important for company or business that is willing to improve the performance. Home Industry Business or a home-based business established by Mr. Karsidin is furniture business and the products include cabinet, table, bench, TV rack and other furniture items which can be tailored to customer desires. In the production process, Mr. Karsidin's business still has product defects that can be observed at the beginning of this study that is presented in table 1.1. The study aims to determine the product quality level is still in control limits measurement of Mr. Karsidin’s Home Industry Business, analyze types of defects and control production quality using statistical quality control (SQC). The method in the study was statistical quality control (SQC) to monitor standards, make measurements and take corrective actions while the product or service is being produced. The quality control tools were Observation Sheet, Histogram, Cause and Effect Diagram and Control Diagram (p Chart). The result indicates that the product quality by Mr. Karsidin's business during the observation period from April to May 2019 is at the control limit. Further, based on p control analysis there is no point that exceeds Upper Limit or Lower Limit. The production process should be given more attention, especially at several main factors such as workers or human factors, in which there are a lot of negligence in the production process. Mr. Karsidin should make improvement to the defects directly that at the cause level, including raw material, machinery, method and human factors based on the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP).

Методика визначення енергоємності продукції на прикладі меблевої фабрики

Formulation of the problem. InUkraine, since 2007, enterprises, especially those involved in exporting products, have begun to be certified by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standards. The first of these standards was ISO 9001 - the product quality standard. Nowadays, the implementation of ISO 50001 "Energy Management Systems" is spreading. One of the criteria for the implementation of this system is the development of energy efficiency indicators, one of which is the energy intensity of products: the ratio of the amount of fuel and energy resources (FER) spent on its production to output [1]. At present, there are no current methods of calculating the energy intensity of products inUkraine, but there are significant developments in this area. Until 2014, there was a system of normalization of fuel and energy resources costs. The development of specific rates of FER (energy consumption) was compulsory for enterprises of all industries with an annual consumption of 1000 tonnes or more of conditional fuel [2]. The governing bodies of the state in this area were regional energy efficiency inspectorates, which were subordinated to the State Energy Efficiency. The development of standards was, in most cases, based on a calculation and analysis method based on techniques developed during theUSSRwith adjustments related to technological progress, climate change, and the like. Purpose of research – calculate the energy intensity of products by the example of a furniture factory. Research methodology. Calculation of energy consumption of products made on the example of furniture factory LLC "Ukryug" is located in the village. Shkarovka Belotserkovsky district of Kiev region. The enterprise is engaged in production of furniture of the following types: cabinet furniture, kitchens, bedrooms, living rooms, children's, modular systems. Raw materials for furniture production are wood (particle board). The output of the enterprise is measured in square meters of processed raw materials, for 2016-2018 the average annual output was 3157,287 thousand square meters. Research results Calculation of energy intensity of products was carried out by determining the specific norms of consumption of heat and electric energy per unit of output, as well as the norms of fuel consumption for the supply of heat energy to the boiler plant of the enterprise. Calculation of heat energy consumption for heating and ventilation of industrial and office buildings is carried out according to the method of increased indicators [3], data on the external temperature and duration of the heating period were taken from [4], the standard for losses in the heat networks of the enterprise is taken from [5]. Norms of fuel consumption for heat supply to the boiler house were developed according to the method [6]. The calculation of consumption of electric energy was calculated according to [7]. The initial data for the calculations were provided by authorized employees of the enterprise. Conclusion The following indicators of energy intensity of products are calculated: - the norm of electric energy consumption for production; - rate of heat energy consumption for production; - rate of fuel consumption for heat supply to the boiler room; - rate of electric energy consumption for heat supply to the boiler room. These indicators are indicators of energy efficiency of the enterprise, which are designed taking into account the technical characteristics of the equipment, its operating time, climatic conditions, etc. According to these indicators, in the future periods energy efficiency of technological and auxiliary equipment will be evaluated as well as the boiler-house which produces heat.

Experimental and numerical analysis of wooden sandwich panels with an auxetic core and oval cells

Wood consumption is constantly being rationalized by the production of modern wood-based materials, especially honeycomb plates. Due to the beneficial properties of the auxetics, wooden honeycomb panels with auxetic cores can be used as structural elements. In particularly as walls and partitions in wooden houses, as well as shelves and bodies for cabinet furniture. Thus the aim of this study was to determine rigidity, strength and capacity to absorb energy in novel sandwich honeycomb boards manufactured from beech wood with oval cells of the auxetic core. Samples with honeycomb boards were subjected to uniaxial compression and three-point bending. Based on testing results it was shown that cores of oval cells exhibited auxetic properties and a strong orthotropy. Density of honeycomb panels is below 400 kg/m3, thus they may be classified as lightweight boards. Thanks to a high value of the modulus of linear elasticity and bending strength the designed board is a good substitute for traditional wood-based panels. During bending honeycomb panels with auxetic cores more effectively absorb energy compared to the same panels subjected to axial compression. These investigations provide the foundation for further studies on optimization of the board structure and its applicability in industrial practice.

Investigation of elastic properties of paper honeycomb panels with rectangular cells

Multilayer panels that have paper cores with hexagonal cells continue to have a limited application in furniture production. In contrast, there are no sandwich honeycomb panels with cores containing rectangular cells employed in this industry. Such cores should distinguish themselves by strong orthotropic advantages, in particular, for designing shelves and partitions of cabinet furniture. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of core rectangular paper cells on the mechanical properties of three-layer furniture panels. The authors decided to ascertain relative density and elasticity constants of the designed cells. The results of empirical experiments of cell elasticity moduli were compared with the results of the analytical calculations. The impact of sample width on their mechanical properties was determined. It was demonstrated that cores with hexagonal cells in furniture panels could be replaced by cores with rectangular cells.

ПІДГОТОВКА ВИРОБНИЦТВА МЕБЛЕВИХ ФАСАДІВ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ СУЧАСНИХ CAM-СИСТЕМ

Urgency of the research. Most of the work of scientists is devoted to the automated design of the products of the most cabinet furniture on the basis of various CAD. Very few works devoted precisely to designing and manufacturing of bulky reliefs on furniture facades with the help of CAD systems. Therefore, the introduction of CAD is precisely for the design of complex reliefs and shapes for furniture facades and wood products. Target setting. Development and design of complex geometric form of relief for furniture facades and preparation of programs for CNC system ArtCAM. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. In Ukraine, in the process of preparing reliefs for furniture facades and wood products, both general purpose design systems (ArtCAM, AutoCAD, T-Flex CAD, ArchiCAD, SolidWorks, DecoDesign, 3D Studio Max, etc.) and specialized design systems (Woody, bCAD , PRO100, K3-Furniture, etc.). Also, you should specify a number of software packages for the preparation of control programs for CNC machines such as ArtCAM, FeatureCAM, PowerMill, MasterCAM, etc. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Very few works devoted precisely to designing and manufacturing of bulky reliefs on furniture facades with the help of CAD systems. Therefore, the introduction of CAD is precisely for the design of complex reliefs and shapes for furniture facades and wood products. The research objective. Methodology for manufacturing furniture facades complex geometric shapes and floral ornament using the software package, Autodesk ArtCam. The statement of basic materials. Proposes a technique for preparing furniture facades of complex shapes and floral ornaments using Autodesk's ArtCam software package. The work describes the stages of designing, modelling and manufacturing decorative elements using photographs and author's sketches. A control program for processing a decorative element for a CNC milling machine has been developed. The choice of cutting modes and cutting tools is justified. The efficiency of using modern software and CNC machines for furniture production is considered. Conclusions In a large woodworking company, the CNC milling machine is used only as one of the elements of the technological process. With a large assortment and large volumes of facade production, such a "narrow specialization" of production is highly justified. However, for a small enterprise that works with individual orders or manufactures design furniture, it is logical to use the capabilities of CNC milling machine more widely.

Определение предельной насыщенности древесными плитами жилых помещений

One of the topical issues of the application of furniture in domestic premises is defining its limiting (maximum) saturation in the premises so that the air in these premises, the allocation of harmful substances does not exceed the maximum allowable level (maximum permissible concentrations - MPC). It is known that in using furniture of wood-based panels (particle Board, Chipboard, wood fiber, MDF) this substance is formaldehyde. Currently, the MoH established the formaldehyde MPC in the air at the level of 0.01 mg/m3. The aim of this work was to determine the limit of saturation with the wood plates in premises, provided that indoor formaldehyde emissions from plates will not exceed the established by the Ministry of health MPC. This definition of the limit of saturation (Ls, m2 of plates/m3 of the premises air) was performed according to our previously derived formula. Calculations were made for furniture (cabinet furniture, tables, beds of panel design, furniture for sitting and lying, beds with soft headboards and elements), floor coverings and wall panels. In the result, it was found that, for example, when using chipboard of E1 formaldehyde emission class in designs of furniture, tables, beds of panel construction value of Ls when the IISP is 1.0 m2/m3 of air (saturation of the volume of air with plates in their testing by chamber method) and MPC=0.01 mg/m3 is 4.03 m2 /room, and when MPC=0.124 mg/m3 (adopted by the countries-participants of the WTO and the World Health Organization) it will make 50.05 m2/room. When using plates of the same emission class, and for the same value of IISP, when MPC=0.01 mg/m3 Ls value is 6.25 m2 /room, when MPC=0.124 mg/m3 it will make 77.63 m2 /room. When using E1 class chipboard panels in the construction of furniture for sitting and lying, beds with soft headboards and elements, Ls value in the IISP is equal to 0.3 m2/m3 air and at MPC=0.01 mg/m3 is of 1.21 m2 /room, and when MPC=0.124 mg/m3 it will make 15.02 m2/room. When using plates of the same emission class, and for the same value of IISP at Mac=0.01 mg/m3 Ls value is 1.88 m2/room, when MPC=0.124 mg/m3 it will make 23.45 m2/room.