Cabin Safety Research Articles

Air rage from the sharp end: cabin crew perspectives on disruptive passenger behaviour in Europe and its impact on occupational safety and well-being

Disruptive passenger behaviour (DPB) incidents spiked during the COVID-19 pandemic period, compromising the safety of commercial flights on a daily basis. This qualitative semi-structured interview study examined the perceived triggering factors and motivations for DPB and the subsequent impact of DPB upon cabin crew well-being and safety. Twenty-four European cabin crew disclosed experiences, subjective observations of perpetrator traits, assessment of DPB development and information regarding their well-being and perceived safety. Thematic analysis revealed that the perceived frequency of DPB had increased, driven by an accumulation of pandemic-related factors – such as enforcing mask wearing amongst intoxicated passengers. DPB was found to decrease resilience and spur maladaptive coping strategies in crew. Suggested enhancements to current DPB mitigation consisted of stricter punishment for DPB as a deterrent, alcohol bans and higher quality training. These findings can inform decision-makers’ efforts to support cabin crew well-being and create safer cabin workplaces in the future.

A three-heat source segmented heating control strategy based on waste heat recovery technology for electric vehicles

The control strategy of thermal management systems is crucial for electric vehicles to ensure thermal comfort of the cabin and thermal safety of the battery and motor. However, this will also impact the energy consumption of the vehicle. In this study, a three-heat source segmented heating control strategy was proposed to reduce the heating energy consumption of electric vehicles, with the three sources denoted motor waste heat, air, and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heaters. Specifically, a simulation model of an integrated thermal management system for heat pump air conditioning, motor thermal management, and battery thermal management systems was first established and validated using published experimental results. Subsequently, the performance of three cabin heating modes was investigated based on the standard driving cycle. The optimal opening and closing strategies for each mode were discussed to ensure the temperature requirements of the cabin, and the optimal method for using motor waste heat and the PTC heater to heat the battery at low temperatures was explored. The segmented heating control strategy was developed by determining the heating priority for the battery and cabin, as well as the heating capacity of heating modes using air source. Compared to the traditional heating strategy of the cabin and battery, the proposed control strategy could reduce energy consumption by 18.49 % while running at an ambient temperature of − 10 °C for 2.5 h.

Cabin Safety Knowledge dan Perilaku Penumpang Penerbangan Low Cost Carrier

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of cabin safety knowledge on cabin safety behavior, and the role of cabin safety information source credibility as a variable that reinforces the influence of cabin safety knowledge on cabin safety behavior. This research is quantitative and uses a sample of 175 respondents surveyed by distributing online questionnaires via Google Form. The object of research is Lion Air passengers during the vulnerable period 2019 - 2020. This research uses the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results of this research indicate that cabin safety knowledge has a positive effect on cabin safety behavior, and the moderating effect test on cabin safety information source credibility is to strengthen the influence of cabin safety knowledge on cabin safety behavior.

In cars (are we really safest of all?): interior sensing and emotional opacity

ABSTRACT This paper analyses expert and regulatory perspectives on car driver-monitoring systems that measure bodies to infer and react to emotions, fatigue, and attentiveness. Developers of driver-monitoring systems promise increased safety on the road, alongside comfort for cabin occupants through personalisation and automation. The impetus is three-fold, namely: (1) European road safety policy seeks to vastly reduce road deaths using computational surveillance; (2) there is a growing interest around in cabin safety solutions that sense emotion and affective states of drivers and passengers; and (3) autonomous driving trends are changing the nature of interactions between vehicle and driver. Safety led applications are of special interest because they are backed by policy and standards initiatives including the European Union’s Vision Zero policy and the industry led New Car Assessment Programme (NCAP). Informed by 13 interviews with experts working in and around in-cabin sensing technologies, this paper first identifies and explores features of emergent in-cabin profiling through emotional artificial intelligence (AI) and biometric measures. It then examines how in-car sensing should be regulated by analysing data protection laws and the proposed EU AI Act. A deep ambivalence emerged from our participants around the emergence of emotional AI in cars, and how best to regulate these technologies.

Understanding total evacuation time perception in airplane emergency: A stated preference approach

It is difficult to observe people's actual evacuation behavior in case of a real aircraft accident. For one, luckily, because aircraft incidences have very low probabilities, and for another, because when faced with such extreme situations people often resort to very unexpected behavior. A way to obtain people’s responses to an airplane emergency is then to estimate people’s perceptions of the total evacuation time. In this paper, a stated preference analysis containing eight airplane evacuation attributes was carried out by nine hypothetical aircraft accident scenarios. The experiment adopted a fractional factorial design to reduce the survey size and obtained 192 effective responses. A cumulative odds ordinal logistic regression with proportional odds was performed and results showed the model has a good data fit. The following findings were revealed from this study. First, for the onboard safety briefings, the efficiency of safety broadcasting is better than crew demonstrations and safety cards, but the overall attention from passengers to the cabin safety announcements is still inadequate. Second, in passengers’ perception, the lack of crew guidance would slow the evacuation the most while more available exits reduce the evacuation time primarily. Third, being knowledgeable about and more experienced in flying has a significant effect in reducing people’s perception of evacuation time. Finally, higher self-reported levels in the ability to stay calm are associated with a shorter estimation of the evacuation time. These findings may help optimize the understanding of air passengers’ behavior in emergencies and improve the preparedness for aircraft emergency evacuation.

항공사의 기내안전 브리핑 유형에 따른 기내안전 지식, 기내안전 태도, 기내안전 행동의도 비교

The purpose of this study is to find out the differences in Cabin safety knowledge, Cabin safety attitude, and Cabin safety behavioral intention, depending on the type of new Cabin safety briefing video with celebrities and the existing Cabin safety briefing video. From 19 to 30 April 2021, a total of 116 students majoring in aviation tourism services at a two-year college and a four-year college were divided into two groups, and experimental designs were conducted on them. The final 109 questionnaires were used for empirical analysis, and Frequency analysis and Independent samples t-test were conducted. The analysis found out that there were partial differences in Cabin safety knowledge, Cabin safety attitude, and Cabin safety behavioral intention depending on the type of Cabin safety briefing. To be specific, the new type of Cabin safety briefing was found to be more effective than the existing type of Cabin safety briefing. Based on these findings, airlines and management proposed ways to effectively deliver Cabin safety information to passengers before the flight, and theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

Learning Safety Through Public Serious Games: A Study of "Prepare for Impact" on a Very Large, International Sample of Players.

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in serious games (SGs), i.e., digital games for education and training. However, although the potential scalability of SGs to large player populations is often praised in the literature, available SG evaluations did not provide evidence of it because they did not study learning on large, varied, international samples in naturalistic conditions. This article considers a SG that educates players about aircraft cabin safety. It presents the first study of learning in a SG intervention conducted in naturalistic conditions with a very large, worldwide sample, which includes 45,000 players who accepted to answer a knowledge questionnaire before and after playing the game, and more than 400,000 players whose in-game behavior was analyzed. Results show that the SG led to improvement in players' knowledge, assessed with different metrics. Moreover, analysis of repeated play shows that participants improved their in-game safety behavior over time. We also focus on the role of making errors in the game, showing how they led to improvement in knowledge. Finally, we highlight the theoretical models, such as error-based learning and Protection Motivation Theory, that oriented the game design, and can be reused to create SGs for other domains.

항공사 객실승무원의 리더–구성원 교환관계(LMX)가 안전행동에 미치는 영향: 직급의 조절 효과를 중심으로

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationships between airline cabin crews" perceived Leader-Member-Exchange and their safety behaviors, and also to examine whether position level can play a role as a moderating variable. A questionnaire survey was conducted to empirically examine the interrelationships posited in this study. A total of 200 valid questionnaires were used for the analysis. The results showed that the relationship between Leader-Member-Exchange of the airline cabin crew and the safety behaviors(in-role safety behavior, extra-role safety behavior, safety communication) was positively significant. The results also revealed that the relationship between Leader-Member-Exchange of the airline cabin crew and safety communication was moderated by position level. The results of this study can contribute to a better understanding of the various factors that may affect the perception and behavior of airline cabin crew in relation to safety.

Agricultural Tractor Cabin Safety Analysis and Test Correlation

Tractors are important vehicles for agricultural fields and they are widely used. Even if they do not be in the traffic due to their intended use, safety of the driver is important if the tractor is rollover. In tractor, the impact energy is provided by cabin or protective profile structure during rollover. Safety test conditions have been established by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) by determining the loads that may occur in case of rollover. According to the standard which developed by OECD, the effects of the energy to be generated during rollover or impact on the structure are examined by performing tests under the specified loads. In this study, static loading test of tractor cabins is simulated by finite element method according to the ISO 3471 standart. Tractor cabin finite element models have been prepared with HyperMesh and HyperCrash software. Nonlinear explicit analysis of the model was performed under the loads applied during the test. . The analysis were carried out using RADIOSS software, based on the operating principle of the load carrying mechanism in order to simulate the test loads. The finite element model is limited to the frame connection points and the deformations are examined for three loading conditions. According to the results which are obtained from the test, the finite element analysis of the designed cabin was also validated.

항공사 객실 승무원의 직무 요구가 안전행동에 미치는 영향: 안전 분위기의 조절 효과를 중심으로

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationships between airline cabin crews" perceived job demands and their safety behaviors, and also to examine whether the safety climate of organizations can play a role as a moderating variable. A questionnaire survey was conducted to empirically examine the interrelationship posited in this study. A total of 200 valid questionnaires were used for the analysis. The results showed that the relationship between the job demands of the airline cabin crew (role overload and emotional demands) and the safety behaviors (in-role safety behavior, extra-role safety behavior, safety communication) was negatively significant except for the relationship between emotional demands and in-role safety behaviors. The results also revealed that the relationship between the job demands of the airline cabin crew and safety behavior was moderated by the organization"s safety climate (upward communication, safety-related training programs). The results of this study can contribute to a better understanding of the various factors that may affect the perception and behavior of Airline cabin crew in relation to safety.

Research on Civil Aviation Cabin Safety Management——Empirical Research Based on the Civil Aviation Cabin Safety Assessment

In order to improve the level of civil aviation cabin safety management and achieve a comprehensive and rapid assessment of cabin safety, this study is based on a sample of 359 valid cabin unsafe events by the Civil Aviation Administration of China from 2006 to 2019. Systems engineering theory of the three elements of "human-machine- environment" as the basis . Processing the data from the questionnaire survey by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and combining with the results of interviews with experts in related fields . 14 secondary indicators and 30 tertiary indicators were selected to evaluate cabin safety from the four aspects of personnel, environment, management and loading. In order to ensure the correctness and reliability of the cabin safety assessment index system, quantify its path coefficients and determine its degree of influence, based on the established assessment index system, construct a structural equation model (SEM) and The AMOS software is used to perform a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the relationship between cabin safety assessment indicators.Finally, the concept of establishing a cabin safety assessment system was proposed, and two sets of assessment methods and assessments including comprehensive (including 17 secondary indicators and 40 tertiary indicators) and quick (including 14 secondary indicators and 30 tertiary indicators) were provided Specific method.

항공사의 기내 안전환경이 객실 승무원의 안전행동에 미치는 영향 : 안전 분위기의 조절효과

The purpose of this study is to verify the moderating effect of an airline's safety climate in the relationship between cabin safety environment and cabin crew’s safety behaviors. To meet this purpose, data were gathered from national and non-national airline's cabin crew. Firstly, the analysis of the cabin safety environment, safety behaviors and safety climate from the cabin crew’s perspective was carried out. Secondly, the relationship analysis between cabin safety environment and safety behaviors showed that the cabin safety environment had a significant influence on the safety behaviors. Thirdly, the moderating effect of safety climate between cabin safety environment and safety behaviors was verified. Fourthly, the analysis showed that according to the airline’s nationalty, the safety climate has a difference. Finally, the conclusions drawn from this study indicated that the cabin safety environment in the domestic airline is the main factor to improve cabin crew’s safety behaviors and should to promote the safety climate compared to non-national airlines.

교통약자를 위한 항공기 객실 안전수칙 안내지의 서비스 요구도에 관한 연구

교통약자를 위한 항공기 객실 안전수칙 안내지의 서비스 요구도에 관한 연구

Automated Power Window Opening on Carbon Monoxide Detection

This paper presents an embedded system for car cabin safety. A number of sudden deaths happened due to inhaling of carbon monoxide (CO) gas inside car cabin in the past years. The designed embedded system keeps on sensing the accumulated CO gas inside the car cabin. If the value of CO exceeds the predefined threshold value and the motion sensor installed in embedded system detects the presence of any occupant inside the car cabin, a warning text message gets displayed on LCD installed in car cabin and buzzer alarm is generated. The warning text message is sent by GSM kit to occupant cell phone. After receiving response from occupant, DTMF kit generates a preset sequence number and sends a signal to the microcontroller. On receiving this signal, control unit immediately sends signals to power window control circuit of the car to open the power windows to let fresh air come in the car and as the amount of CO reaches below predefined threshold value, power windows of car are rolled up again automatically.

Occupants’ Injury during a Drop Test of an Advanced Composite Fuselage Section

The emergency landing is an important design criteria in airworthiness certification. It is associated to the cabin safety and consequently to the risk of serious injury for the occupant. The loads transmitted to the passengers during a hard landing can be fatal both in terms of intensity and duration time, and the energy absorbing systems play a fundamental role to dissipate the energies unleashed during the impacts. A barrel section was studied by the Finite Element Method to simulate the drop test consequences for the fuselage section of a wide body aircraft, and a medium velocity impact was applied to design devices and substructures able to dissipate the biggest amount of kinetic energy. A validation process was obtained following three different steps: firstly, investigating the materials, layups and material characteristics changing with load’s velocity, secondly different tests were performed on the demonstrators in order to verify the installation parameter of the devices devoted to absorb the energies, and finally the experimental results were extended on the lower lobe of the sub-cargo compartment tested at low velocity impact. These experimental results and the correlation with the numerical models allowed to extend the results on the barrel section and to evaluate the accelerations transmitted during the drop to the occupants. The satisfactory results estimated by the numerical solvers are able to aid the design and to reduce the experimental testing for the identification and the choice of different candidate solutions.

Sensitivity analysis-based variable screening and reliability optimisation for composite fuselage frame crashworthiness design

ABSTRACTDuring the impact process, fuselage frame structures often experience severe crushing-induced kinematic deterioration. To improve cabin safety, this paper developed an analysis and design algorithm to optimise 2D triaxially-braided composite (2DTBC) frame under dynamic crush-type load. The design methodology integrates three concepts coming from several different communities including numerical simulation, sensitivity analysis-based variable screening and reliability optimisation. Based one continuous medium mechanics theory, a basic finite element (FE) model coupled with multiple failure modes is built at the macroscopic level previously. Afterwards, the Sobol’ global sensitivity analysis is performed to derive a design variable importance hierarchy. Finally, differential evolution (DE) algorithm is implemented to identify the optimum frame geometry that has maximum energy-absorption capacity. The investigation demonstrates that appropriate redistribution of shape parameters of the frame could enhance its design reliability and crashworthiness, and the higher number of design variables often performs better from the energy-absorption viewpoint.

객실승무원 안전교육 프로그램과 안전행동 간의 관계 및 안전의식의 매개역할

본 연구는 항공사 객실승무원의 안전교육 프로그램이 안전의식과 안전행동에 미치는 영향을 실증분석하고, 안전의식이 안전교육 프로그램과 안전행동 간에 매개효과(mediating effect)를 나타내는지를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내 대형항공사 및 저비용항공사 객실승무원 450명을 대상으로 2016년 3월 설문을 실시하였다. 회수된 438부의 설문조사 결과는 SPSS 18.0 통계패키지를 사용하여 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 회귀분석, 매개효과분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과는 첫째, 객실승무원 안전교육 프로그램 요인 중 비상안전/보안교육(Emergency Safety/Security Training), 승무원자원관리교육(CRM; Crew Resource Management), 기본안전교육(Basic Safety Training), 장비안전교육(Emergency Equipment Training)이 모두 안전의식에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 안전의식은 안전행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 객실승무원 안전교육 프로그램 요인 중 ‘비상안전/보안교육’과 ‘기본안전교육’만이 안전행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 안전의식은 ‘비상안전/보안교육⋅기본안전교육’과 안전행동과의 관계에서 부분매개(partial mediation)하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

항공기 승객의 객실안전정보인식 개선에 관한 연구

항공기 승객의 객실안전정보인식 개선에 관한 연구

Pre-flight safety briefings, mood and information retention

Mood is a moderating factor that is known to affect performance. For airlines, the delivery of the pre-flight safety briefing prior to a commercial flight is not only an opportunity to inform passengers about the safety features on-board the aircraft they are flying, but an opportunity to positively influence their mood, and hence performance in the unlikely event of an emergency. The present research examined whether indeed the pre-flight safety briefing could be used to positively impact passengers' mood. In addition, the present research examined whether the recall of key safety messages contained within the pre-flight safety briefing was influenced by the style of briefing. Eighty-two participants were recruited for the research and divided into three groups; each group exposed to a different pre-flight cabin safety briefing video (standard, humorous, movie theme). Mood was measured prior and post safety briefing. The results revealed that pre-flight safety briefing videos can be used to manipulate passengers' mood. Safety briefings that are humorous or use movie themes to model their briefing were found to positively affect mood. However, there was a trade-off between entertainment and education, the greater the entertainment value, the poorer the retention of key safety messages. The results of the research are discussed from both an applied and theoretical perspective.

Aviation Cabin Safety Situated Learning Education Design-An Empirical Study for Elementary Students

Responsibility and obligation of aviation safety are undertaken not only by the crew but also by the passengers in a flight. Therefore, the importance of aviation safety should be recognized by both parties. Current fundamental traffic safety educations in Taiwan are more inclined to road safety and most of the way education is taught in the classroom, this study presents a Cabin mockup-based situated learning education program design with immersive education means to enhance children's understanding of the relevant cabin safety. Due to plasticity of elementary school students are better, this method can not only improve aviation education but also be better achieved popularity aviation knowledge in the long run. A pretest-posttest control group design was used to evaluate the effect of a cabin mockup-based situated learning education program designed to enhance the safety concepts in elementary school students, the results showed that after a different education method, students learning outcomes in the two groups on cabin safety concept presenting significant differences. Significantly better than the control group students (traditional instruction) in the experimental group students (situational experience), and the control group students in the context of strengthening the implementation using cabin mockup simulated leaning education, this can significantly improve the effectiveness of learning into. For airline cabin safety promotion, it is recommended to change the pattern from visiting to cabin experience camp that is because the airlines can use their own cabin mockup to promote the site as a situation education classroom.