Ca Values Research Articles

The clinical and pathological characteristics and survival of patients with advanced ovarian cancer

Introduction: Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of all gynaecologic malignancies. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the clinical pathological characteristics and survival analysis of primarily operated patients with advanced stages of malignant epithelial ovarian tumour. Methods: The research was conducted as a cohort study with 59 patients with FIGO stage III and IV, which were primarily operated between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2010 (three years). Age, comorbidities, BMI, presence of ascites, the level of the marker CA-125, histopathology and FIGO stage were analysed. The survival rate was estimated at the level of 1, 3 and 5 years. Results: The median age was 53 years (range 29-86). The most common histopathological type was serous (66.1 %) and the most common FIGO stage was 3a (49.2 %). Optimal cytoreduction was performed in 35.5 % of patients, 84.7 % of patients survived for one year, 44.1 % three years and 37.3 % for five years. The median survival was 26.25 months (range 0-91). Chi-square test showed significant difference between the number of months of survival and: the value of CA125 (t = 2.004, p = 0.050), cytoreduction (p < 0.001) and FIGO stage (p < 0.01). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, optimal cytoreduction and FIGO stage significantly influence survival (p < 0.001). Optimal cytoreduction (< 2 cm of residual disease) had the highest prognostic value for survival. A total five-year survival in this study was 37.3 %.

CA724 Predicts Tumor Regression Grade in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Purpose: Tumor regression grade (TRG) is widely used to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) and it is related to many clinicopathological factors. However, whether TRG can be predicted by clinical characteristics is unknown.Methods: 141 locally advanced gastric cancer (GC) patients who underwent NCT and curative operation were retrospectively analyzed. TRG is reevaluated according to the CAP guideline. The values of CA199, CA125 and CA724 before NCT (pre-) and after NCT (post-) were extracted from our database. Survival curves on overall survival (OS) were obtained by Kaplan-Meier method, and differences were analyzed by log-rank test. Associations between categorical variables were explored by chi-square test or Fisher's exact method. Univariable and multivariate analyses were performed by logistic regression model or Cox proportional hazard regression model.Results: TRG was related to OS (P < 0.001), especially when divided into responders (TRG 0-1) and non-responders (TRG 2-3). Pre-CA724 (p = 0.029) and post-CA199 (p = 0.038) were related to OS. In multivariable analysis, pre-CA724 (p = 0.015) and post-CA199 (p = 0.007) were independent prognostic factors for OS, respectively. The changes (diff-) of all tumor markers were not related to OS. Among the clinical characteristics, pre-CA724 (P = 0.047) and tumor size (P = 0.012) were related to TRG, while pre-CA199 (P = 0.377) and pre-CA125 (P = 0.856) were not. In logistics analysis, pre-CA724 (P = 0.032), tumor size (P = 0.011) and tumor location (P = 0.047) were independent risk factors to pathological response.Conclusion: CA724 was an independent prognostic factor for OS and could be used to predict pathological response.

Serum CA 19-9 and CA 125 as a diagnostic marker in carcinoma of gallbladder.

Gall bladder carcinoma is endemic in North India along the Ganges belt. Most of the cases usually present in late stage when prognosis is poor. That mandates a necessity for proper screening in these areas for gall bladder lesions. Tumor markers CA 19-9 and CA 125 have been studied in various GI cancers and may also help in the screening, diagnosis and evaluation of gall bladder carcinoma. Aims: To assess serum CA19-9 and serum CA125 in patients with gall bladder lesions and find out a cut off value for diagnosis of carcinoma gallbladder. Study included 118 cases, with female: male ratio of 4:1.Out of it, 91 (77 %) cases were benign and 27 (23 %) were malignant. Patients' sera was collected and analyzed for CA19-9 and CA 125 by CMIA method. The Mean (SD) value of CA19-9 for benign and malignant cases was found to be 12.86 (17.54) and 625.35(186.52) U/ml. For CA 125 it was found to be 17.98(13.69) and 239.63(73.72) U/ml respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P< 0.001). When Mean - 2SD value of malignant lesions were taken as cut off a value of CA 19-9 and CA 125 were found be 252.31 U/ml & 92.19U/ml respectively, found to be significant to suggest /diagnose a case of carcinoma gall bladder along with clinicoradiological findings. Taking these value as cut off Sensitivity & Specificity for CA 19-9 and CA 125 in detecting malignant cases were found to be 100% & 98.90% and 100% & 94.50% respectively. It is concluded that both serum CA 19-9 and serum CA 125 may act as a good adjunct for diagnosis of cases of carcinoma gallbladder along with imaging studies. However, changes in CA19-9 are more significant than CA 125.

Variations of Soil Properties on Post Shifting Cultivation area in Primary Forest

Shifting cultivation in tropical forest was presumed as the major cause of soil degradation and soil nutrient depletion, and need several years--namely forest-fallow periods-- to be recovered. Soil properties dynamic monitoring has been done in the tropical forest in Central Kalimantan at one, five and ten year after abandonment, and compared to primary forest, to predict the time for soil recovery in term of Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), Natrium (Na) content and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The soil properties status can be beneficial for rehabilitation activities through practicing agroforestry by the forest dwellers. The results showed that soil properties (i.e. Ca, Mg, K, CEC) were significantly different among soil depth (P&lt;0.05), but not for Na. Highest value of Ca, Mg, K and Na were observed in the soil surface (0-20 cm), Soil nutrient contents were significantly changed with the time of abandonment, the highest value of CEC, Ca, K, and pH were found in five years after the abandonment. It suggested that soil nutrients were distributed in the soil surface composed from litter of pioneer trees. The research suggested that soil recovery was probably occurred during early fallows, and agroforestry can be practiced at five year after the abandonment.

Effects of biotite syenite on the nutrient levels and electrical charges in a Brazilian Savanna Ferralsol

ABSTRACT In the Brazilian Savanna, most of the soils have a low natural fertility. In order to overcome this limitation, farmers use large amounts of soluble fertilizers, causing environmental impacts. In the present study, finely ground biotite syenite (0; 600; 1,200; 1,800; and 2,400 kg ha-1) was evaluated as an alternative source of nutrients and electrical charges in a weathered Ferralsol from the Brazilian Savanna. Additionally, the development and nutrition of maize plants were analyzed. The values of Ca + Mg, T, t, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn in the soil were not affected by the addition of biotite syenite, but the available P and K and the permanent charges were increased. The biotite did not increase the contents of P, Ca and Cu in the maize leaves, but it increased the contents of N and K. Increases of 103, 125 and 128 % were also detected, respectively, for plant height, stem diameter and leaf dry matter. The biotite syenite was able to increase the soil P, K and permanent charges, as well as the maize uptake of N and K, thus helping in the plant growth.

Preoperative C-Reactive Protein-Albumin Ratio Is Predicting Prognostic Long-Term Outcomes But Cannot Predict Lymph Node Metastasis and CA19-9 Can Predict in Patients with Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

Background: Systemic inflammation has prognostic value in some malignancies and could related to the lymph node metastasis. The aims of this study was to evaluate the impact of systematic inflammatory biomarkers on long-term and oncological outcomes and to assess the association of serum markers with lymph node metastasis. Method: We enrolled 355 consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Poor prognostic factors including systematic inflammatory biomarkers were compared to identify the biomarker most associated with overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and multivariable analysis. Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship between biomarkers including tumor markers and lymph node metastasis. Results: Six and three biomarkers were predictive for OS and DFS, respectively, among which C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) was the highest area under the curve value (OS: 0.598; DFS: 0.605). In Multivariable analysis, high CAR status was independent prognostic factor for both OS and DFS (P = 0.002, P = 0.007, respectively). Although high CAR was not significant correlation with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.645), CA19-9 was significant correlation (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Preoperative CAR is the most predicting factor for OS and DFS in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, however it cannot predict the lymph node metastasis. CA19-9 value may predict preoperative lymph node metastasis.

Prognostic Values of SUVmax Value of PET/CT and CA19-9 as Biologic Markers in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Among various prognostic factors of pancreatic cancer, most of clinical information before surgery is obtained by imaging modality. However tumor biologic characteristics also should be considered to decide treatment plan. Purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical usefulness of preoperative standard uptake value in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and carbohydrate antigen as biologic markers for prognosis of resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. 189 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma underwent preoperative FDG-PET testing were studied. SUVmax was calculated for each primary lesion. Patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, R2 resection, and sequential resection were excluded. Analysis about correlation between SUVmax and clinicopathologic parameters was performed. C-tree statistical method was drawn to estimated cutoff values of SUVmax and CA19-9 for survival rate. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify prognostic factors for overall survival. Median duration of overall survival was 26 months, five-year survival rate was 22.4%. C-tree analysis revealed the optimal cutoff values for SUVmax was 5.5 and that of CA19-9 was 150 about survival rate. When subjects were divided into three groups according to combination of SUVmax and CA19-9 values from C-tree (high group, SUVmax >5.5 and CA19-9>150, intermediate group and low group, SUVmax≤5.5 and CA19-9≤150), there was a significant 5YSR difference (5.6%, 24.3% and 36.5%, p < 0.001) The multivariate analysis revealed low BMI and high SUVmax and venous invasion were prognostic factor in overall survival. As biologic markers, SUVmax and CA19-9 are prognostic factors in pancreatic cancer patients. Especially, patients with high SUVmax and CA19-9 are not indication to upfront sugery.

Predicitve value of preoperative CA19-9 levels in terms of local invasiveness in patients with pancreatic cancer. analysis from the german studoq registry

Background: According to the international consensus conference, patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and preoperative CA19-9 serum levels exceeding 500U/ml are classified borderline resectable and consequently considered for neoadjuvant treatment. Currently, there are incongruent data regarding the appropriate cut-off level for preoperative CA19-9 values. Methods: Data on oncologic resections of PDAC patients (2014–2019) (n=3079) have been prospectively acquired by the Study, Documentation, and Quality Center (StuDoQ) of the German Society for General and Visceral Surgery. In this study, preoperative CA19-9 and bilirubin serum values were analyzed according to the TNM classification and UICC stages. Results: 623 out of 2489 PDAC patients included presented with a preoperative CA19-9 above 500U/ml. In these patients, resection of the portomesenteric axis (16.6 vs. 22.5%, p=0.001) and of liver metastasis (2.4 vs. 4.7%, p=0.021) was performed significantly more often. Accordingly, R1-status occurred more frequently (21.4 vs. 30.2, p<0.001). Patients with UICC stage III and IV presented with significantly higher preoperative CA19-9 values compared to those with stage I and II (985 and 1220 vs. 324 and 675, p<0.001). While ROC-Analysis failed to determine exact CA19-9 cut-off values for prognostic indicators, patients with a preoperative CA19-9 serum level above 250U/ml had significantly more R1 resections (20.4 vs. 28.8%, p=0.001), more lymph node infiltration (62.6 vs 79.3%, p=0.001) and more distant metastasis (3.9 vs. 8.1%, p=0.001). Conclusion: In this multicenter dataset of PDAC patients, elevation of preoperative CA19-9 was an independent risk factor for R1 resection surgery and advanced tumor stage. According to this study, the CA19-9 cut-off value for the definition of borderline resectability should be set at 250 U/ml.

Is there a correlation between the initial calcium level and Balthazar classification in patients with acute pancreatitis?

While a life-threatening course is observed in 2-3% of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), mortality can be up to 50% in severe AP. In our study, we research relationship between calcium level and Modified Balthazar (MB) score. 354 patients who were followed up with a diagnosis of AP between 2013 and 2019 were included in our study. Serum calcium level was measured within the first 24 h. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed in all patients in the first 12 h and between 3 and 7 days. The severity of AP was determined according to the MB classification. The correlation between calcium level and MB classification was examined. 206 (58.2%) of the patients were women. Mean age was 54.8±17.9 years (range: 18-100). It was observed that the rate of severe AP was significantly higher in the low calcium group compared to the MB classification in which tomographies taken at ad-mission and 72 h after were evaluated (p<0.05). Furthermore, progression was higher in low calcium group (p<0.05). The cutoff value was 9.35 mg/dl for the ROC analysis performed to distinguish mild pancreatitis from moderate-severe pancreatitis according to the MB classification performed by CT obtained after 72 h based on the Ca values. For the cutoff value of 9.35 mg/dl (AUC: 0.581, p=0.018, 95% Cl: 0.514-0.649), the sensitivity was 57.4% and the specificity was 53.1%. Since there is a correlation between the initial calcium level and the severity of the disease according to the CT-scan obtained later, the calcium level gives us an idea of the course of the disease.

The value of posttreatment CA125 and PET/CT in predicting prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer

The value of posttreatment CA125 and PET/CT in predicting prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer

Parameters influencing the droplet formation in a focusing microfluidic channel

In the present work a detailed numerical study of the parameters influencing the droplet formation in a flow-focusing microfluidic device are made. First, an extensive verification of the simulations with data from the literature is carried out. Influence of parameters like viscosity and inflow velocity are compared with the results from literature showing a good agreement. Some differences are attributed to the different numerical techniques used: in the present work a pure volume-of-fluid method is used, while in the reference study this method is combined with the level-set method. As a second step of the verification of the present model, a comparison with experimental data from the literature was carried out which shows a very good agreement. After the verification was completed, eight new simulations are carried out covering a wide range of velocities of the continuous phase uc. In these simulations the velocity of the discrete phase ud remains unchanged. The variation of the continuous phase velocity reveals that with increasing the value of uc, respectively the value of the capillary number Ca, the droplet length reaches a point of saturation, i.e. a point where the droplet length does not decrease any more. For the present setup this saturation occurs for Ca &gt; 0,03. On the other hand, when the velocity of the continuous phase goes towards very low values (Ca &lt; 0,01 for the present setup), the droplet size increases significantly. Further, it was found that for increasing capillary numbers Ca above a value around 0,015 for water/oil and above 0,025 for water + 40% glycerol / oil systems, a transmission from the dripping towards the jetting regimes of droplet formation occurs. It was shown that when the viscosity of the continuous phase increases, higher total pressure jumps in the droplet occur, also leading to the formation of smaller droplets.

Effect of Effluent from Biodigestion of Pre-Treated Rice Bran and Animal Manure on the Dry Matter Yield and Nutrient Uptake of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Amaranthus viridis&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;

The effect of effluents from biodigestion of pre-treated rice bran in combination with two types of animal manure on dry matter yield of Amarathus viridis was investigated using two pre-treatment methods: Soaking in ordinary distilled water and boiled in distilled water at 100&degC. The pre-treated rice bran and animal manure were mixed (w/w basis) to give carbon to nitrogen ratio of 35:1 and 37:1 prior to loading into the digester to make eight different treatment combinations as follow: 1) Cow dung with no rice bran (NRB + CD); 2) Raw rice bran + cow dung (RRB + CD); 3) Soaked rice bran in ordinary distilled water + cow dung (SRB + CD); 4) Boiled rice bran + cow dung (BRB + CD); 5) Poultry manure with no rice bran (NRB + PM); 6) Raw rice bran + poultry manure (RRB + PM); 7) Soaked rice bran + poultry manure (SRB + PM); 8) Boiled rice bran + poultry manure (BRB + PM). Samples of different treatment combinations were collected before digestion, both the samples and resultant effluents were subjected to elemental analysis using AAS. The effluents from the biodigestion of these combinations were applied at two rates (80 and 150 kg N ha-1) to 3 kg air-dried and sieved soil samples (0 - 20) cm in the greenhouse, control (0 kg N ha-1) and reference pot with NPK fertilizer at the 80 kg N ha-1 were arranged in a completely randomized design replicated three times. Amaranthus plants were introduced into each treated pot, left for four weeks before harvest, dry matter yields were recorded. Results of chemical analysis of raw materials and effluents obtained after biodigestion revealed the presence of all plant nutrients in both the raw materials and resultant effluents though the former had higher values in some nutrients than the effluent, for examples treatment combination of CD, the values for organic carbon (42.85%), Ca (3.41%) and Mg (0.61%) were higher than in the resultant effluent for CD, a similar trend was observed with other treatment combinations. Drastic reduction in heavy metal concentration was observed after digestion, Pb content in the raw materials for poultry manure reduced by 94.7% in the resultant effluent from BRB: PM thus making the effluent a better soil amendment. Raw chicken manure was richer in the nutrients needed for optimal crop growth however, raw cow dung had the highest. The amendment of effluent from boiled rice bran with poultry manure at 150 kg N ha-1 significantly increased the dry matter yield of Amaranthus viridis over control pots, NPK pots and all other amendments thus making it a good alternative to NPK fertilizer.

Limits of serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 as the diagnosis of gallbladder cancer.

PurposeAlthough serum CEA and CA 19-9 have been widely utilized for the diagnosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC), few studies have examined the diagnostic performance of them. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of these 2 biomarkers and demonstrate their clinical usefulness in diagnosing GBC.MethodsBetween January 2000 and March 2020, a total of 751 GBC patients and 2,310 normal controls were included. Serum CEA and CA 19-9 were measured preoperatively. Receiver operating characteristic curves were obtained, and the sensitivity and specificity of each biomarker were evaluated.ResultsIn terms of differentiating GBC from the control, the sensitivity and specificity of serum CEA at 5 ng/mL was 12.1% and 99.1%, respectively, and those of serum CA 19-9 at 37 IU/mL were 28.7% and 94.5%, respectively. The optimal cutoff values of CEA and CA 19-9 were set to 2.1 ng/mL and 26 IU/mL in the receiver operating characteristic curves, respectively. The sensitivities of CEA and CA 19-9 at new cutoff values slightly increased but remained low (CEA, 42.9%; CA 19-9, 38.2%). When differentiating early-stage GBC from advanced tumor, the sensitivity and specificity, were 14.2% and 96.1% for CEA (cutoff value, 5 ng/mL) and 33.6% and 90.1% for CA 19-9 (cutoff value, 37 IU/mL), respectively.ConclusionSerum CEA and CA 19-9 levels are not suitable for screening GBC patients from controls. New promising biomarkers with higher sensitivity should be explored.

Comparative Assessment of the Proximate and Mineral Composition of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Cucumis sativus&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L. and &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Solanum aethiopicum&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L. Fruit Samples Grown in South Eastern and North Central Regions of Nigeria Respectively

Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the proximate and mineral composition of Solanum aethiopicum L. and Cucumis sativus L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria respectively, following standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The mineral elements (Na, K, Zn and Ca) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion of the samples while the proximate parameters (ash content, moisture content, crude fibre content, crude protein content, crude fat content and carbohydrate content) were determined in accordance with standard analytical procedures. The mean range of the moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in the S. aethiopicum L. fruit samples grown in the North Central and South Eastern regions of Nigeria were 72.49 - 88.23, 2.15 - 3.67, 1.31 - 1.85, 0.43 - 0.76, 0.51 - 0.84 and 3.18% - 5.72% respectively. Additionally, the moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in the Cucumis sativus L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria, had mean range of values of 93.60 - 98.76, 0.53 - 0.77, 2.14 - 2.84, 0.29 - 0.46, 0.90 - 1.14 and 3.88% - 4.66% respectively. The range of mean values of Na, K, Zn and Ca in the S. aethiopicum L. fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria were 0.36 - 0.57, 1.92 - 2.80, 0.84 - 1.01 and 0.43 - 0.61 μg/g respectively. Also, Na, K, Zn and Ca had mean range of values of 1.36 - 4.08, 10.16 - 13.09, 0.45 - 0.66 and 5.85 - 9.3 μg/g respectively in the C. sativus L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions in Nigeria. The levels of the determined proximate of parameters and mineral elements in the studied fruit samples from the investigated regions of Nigeria were statistically significant. This therefore indicates that the geographical locations where these fruit samples grew could have significantly impacted on their nutrient content levels. The levels of the determined proximate parameters from the selected regions of Nigeria shows that consumption of the fruit samples (S aethiopicum L. and C. sativus L.) especially regularly, would help supply the essential nutrients and minerals required for a healthy living.

Serum Soluble PD-L1, PD-L2, and B7-H5 as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Human Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors with no valid biomarkers for early diagnosis. We evaluated the value of PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CD28, B7-1, and B7-H5 for diagnosing PC. We measured serum soluble PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CD28, B7-1, and B7-H5, and serum carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9 levels in 87 patients with PC, 27 patients with benign pancreatic disease, and 20 healthy volunteers. We evaluated the diagnostic value of CA19-9, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CD28, B7-1, B7-H5. Patients with PC had significantly higher serum CA19-9, PD-L1, PD-L2, and B7-H5. Combined detection (CA19-9 + PD-L1 + PD-L2 + B7-H5) had much higher sensitivity than single CA19-9 detection. Serum soluble PD-L1, PD-L2, and B7-H5 might be novel potential biomarkers for diagnosing PC; their combination with serum CA19-9 might improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.

Influence of Mineral Supplementation on the Composition of Goat Milk.

Eighteen monoparousLactating West Afriacan Dwarf (WAD) does, with average weight of 25 土 0.80kg were used in a 12-week feeding trial to examine the effects of dietry mineral supplementation (Dicalcium phosphate and MgSO4 .7H2O) on milk production and composition of Ca. P and Mg The docs were grouped into three of six animal replicate/group and randomly assigned to each of the three isonitrogenous (15% CP) and isoenergetic 9.81MJ/kg ME) Supplementary diets (A, B,, and C) respectively. The supplementary diet contained graded levels (0.5, 1, and 1.5% of Dicalcium phosphate and MgSO4.7H20 and fed with a basal diet of cyndom nlemfeuns grass in a completely randomized design. Results showed that treatment effects on dry matter intake (DMI (g/dry/kgB )circulating levels (mg/100ml) of ca, P and Mg in milk and sera of WAD does were significant (P &lt;0.05), Variations observed on milk wal said were not significant (P &gt;0.05. Significant (p&lt;0,05) dry matter intake (DMI) (g/day/kgBW) values of 155.55, 174.77 and 193.34 were obtained for does on diets A, B and C respectively; While corresponding significant (P &lt; 0.01) mean milk value of 185.30, 301.20, and 340.05 g/day were obtained significantly different (P&lt;0.05) wear values of Ca, P and Mg levels obtained milk of WAD does on diets A, B and C were: Ca. 121.0, 127.0 and 132.0; P. 84.5, 89.78 and 94.08; and Mg: 18.90, 41.87 and 47.61(mg/100ml); while corresponding values in serumn were Ca: 9.75, 10.0 and 10.13. P: 7.15, 7.57 7.79; and Mg: 3.20, 3.52 and' 4.54 (mg/100ml)respectively.Significant (P &lt; 0.05) positive correlations (r- 0.99, 0.97 and 0.73) existed between and serum Ca, P and Mg contents respectively, suggested that blood is a Secondary source of milk mineral secretion in lactating animals. The general trend was that increasing dietary mineral supplementation resulted in concomitant Increase in dr matter consumption, milk yield and milk mineral (Cu, P. and Mg) contents with does and diet C recording In the best performance. Consequently, dietary Ca. P and Mg levels %DM) in supplementary lactation diet for indigenous WAD goats seemed to be best at 0.43, 0.35, and 0.17 respectively

Robotic-assisted Surgery for Gallbladder Cancer

Background: Carcinoma of the gallbladder (GBC) is the most common malignancy of the extra-biliary tract. The only potentially curative option for patients is radical resection. However, minimally invasive surgery for GBC has traditionally been discouraged. Purpose and method: The aim of this study is to describe our technique step-by-step for the Robotic-assisted surgical treatment of GBC. Clinical case: A 75-year-old woman presented to the outpatient clinic follow-up. Her medical history was notable for a recent sigmoidectomy for colorectal carcinoma. A routine hematological test was unremarkable including a Ca19-9 value of 20.6 UI/mL. An abdominal Computed Tomography revealed the presence of a gallbladder lesion was about 33 mm. A Magnetic Resonance confirmed the suspicion. The patient underwent to surgery through our DaVinci Xi Surgical System. Radical resection was carried-out including the gallbladder bed, common bile duct and lymphadenectomy. The hospital stay was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the sixth post-operative day. The pathologist reported a GBC with only metastasis in the cystic lymph node, there were no malignancy in the liver nor the common bile duct (pT2N1). Conclusion: Even though endoscopic approach for GBC has long been contraindicated, few recent studies have demonstrated correct oncologic outcomes. We present a Robot-assisted radical resection for GBC demonstrating its feasibility and safety. Minimally invasive techniques have emerged as a promising way to reduce time for recovery of patients with similar oncological results. The long-term results contrasting open versus endoscopic approaches are needed.

The Preoperative Dysplasia Grade Prediction Nomogram for Main-duct/Mixed Type Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (MD-IPMNs): The Development and Validation Based on a 7-year Single Center Database

Introduction: Surgical indications for MD-IPMN remain controversial due to the risk of pancreatic surgical procedure. Previous guidelines and predictive models were mainly focused on branch duct type IPMNs(BD-IPMNs) and have been relatively insufficient for both development and independent validation. Method: IPMN patients who had undergone resection were collected retrospectively between 2013 and 2019. Patients were separated into MD-IPMN and BD-IPMN based on preoperative imaging. 177 MD-IPMN patients were finally enrolled and divided into training subset and test subset. Logistic regression modeling was used to develop model for identifying low-risk(low-/intermediate-grade dysplasia) or high-risk(high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma) disease. The test subset was used for validating model by AUC, Brier's Score and C-index. Results: We identified 203 IPMN patients underwent resection[MD:193(95.1%), BD:10(4.9%)]. 12 loss-pathology-patients were excluded. In MD-group, high-risk was present in 103 patients(53%) which is comparable to 74 low-risk patients(47%). MD-IPMN predictive nomogram was developed on the training set(70%, 124 patients) and validated on the test set(30%, 53 patients). The significant risk factor associated with high-risk disease including the presence of enhancing nodule(P=0.036), mural nodule(P=0.03), main-duct diameter(P=0.004) and the abnormal of CA19-9 value(P=0.028). Other potential risk factors including age, time since detection and cyst size. Brier's Score were 0.092 and 0.152, C-indexes were 0.94 and 0.85 on training and independent validation sets, respectively; AUCs were 0.916 and 0.856, respectively. Conclusions: We present an independently validated nomogram for the prediction of MD-IPMNs malignant risk which thereby improve the identification of high-risk precursor and help avoid unnecessary damage by redundant surgical procedure.

Detection of various categories of fruits and vegetables through various descriptors using machine learning techniques

An accurate and efficient recognition system for fruits and vegetables is one major challenge. To solve this challenge, we have examined various feature descriptors based on colour and texture such as RGB, CMH, CCV, CDH, LBP, CSLBP and SEH. All process of proposed framework consists three phase: 1) background subtraction; 2) feature extraction; 3) training and classification. In this paper, Otsu's thresholding is used for background subtraction. Further all segmented image is used in the feature extraction phase. Finally, C4.5 and KNN is used for training and classification. The various performances metric such as CA, precision, recall, F-measure, MCC, PRC and FPR are used to evaluate the proposed system for recognition problem. We also analysed the performance accuracy of both classifiers. In that C4.5 and KNN classifier produce CA values of 94.63% and 90.25%, respectively.

Evaluation of Adnexal Masses-Correlation of Clinical, Sonological and Histological Findings in Adnexal Masses

Adnexal mass is a common clinical finding in gynaecological practice. The study aims to find out the diagnostic value of clinical examination, ultrasonography and Ca-125 and its correlation, using Risk of Malignancy Index with histopathological diagnosis in adnexal masses. Clinical records were retrieved of women who had surgical management for adnexal mass in the last 2 years duration. Based on the data, Risk of Malignancy Index values were calculated. It was then compared with histopathological diagnosis. Out of 66 patients, 56 patients had benign tumor and 10 patients had malignancy. The Risk of Malignancy Index values of each patient was calculated which ranged from 8 to 2205 with mean value of 425.52 (SD±41.8). Risk of Malignancy Index sensitivity was 70%, specificity was 96.42%, positive predictive value was 77.78%, and negative predictive value was 95.83%. Risk of Malignancy Index is a reliable diagnostic tool in differentiating benign from malignant adnexal masses.