Bmim Research Articles

Ionic Pairing and Selective Solvation of Butylmethylimidazolium Chloride Ion Pairs in DMSO-Water Mixtures: A Comprehensive Examination via Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Potentials of Mean Force Analysis.

Ionic liquids (ILs) with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water act as a promising solvent medium for the dissolution of cellulose in an efficient manner. To develop a proper solvent system, it is really important to understand the thermodynamics of the molecular solutions consisting of ILs, DMSO, and water. The ion-pairing propensity of the ILs in the presence of DMSO and water plays a crucial role in governing the property of the solvent mixtures. Employing all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we estimate the potentials of mean force between BMIM+ and Cl- ions in DMSO-water mixtures. Analysis reveals a significant increase in the thermodynamic stability of both contact ion pair (CIP) and solvent-assisted ion pair (SAIP) states with a rising DMSO mole fraction. Thermodynamic assessments highlight the entropic stabilization of CIP states and SAIP states in pure water, in DMSO-water mixtures, and in pure DMSO. The structural analysis reveals that in comparison to the DMSO local density, the local water density is relatively very high around ion pairs, more specifically in the solvation shell of a chloride ion. Preferential binding coefficients also consistently indicate exclusion of DMSO from the ion pair in DMSO-water mixtures. To enhance our understanding regarding the solvent molecules kinetics around the ion pairs, the survival probabilities of DMSO and water are computed. The calculations reveal that the water molecules prefer a prolonged stay in the solvation shell of Cl- ions.

Tribological performance of phosphonium-based halogen-free ionic liquids as lubricant additives

In recent years, ionic liquids have shown great potential as an additive in lubricants. However, most of the explored ionic liquids for machining applications contain halogen-based anions, which are sensitive to moisture and have a tendency to produce harmful halogen acids (HX) after reacting with water/moisture. These acids are harmful to the environment and can corrode the working surfaces. This study investigates the effectiveness of halogen-free ionic liquids as potential additives to vegetable oil (canola oil). Two halogen-based ionic liquids (1-methyl 3-butylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM BF4] and 1-methyl 3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM PF6]) and one halogen-free ionic liquids (trihexyl tetradecyl phosphonium bis (24,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate P6,6,6,14 [i(C8)2PO2]) were blended individually with canola oil. The percentage ratio of ionic liquid to canola oil is 1:99. Dynamic viscosity and contact angles of different lubricants were measured. Sliding tests were conducted in various conditions; dry, canola oil, and three different blends of ionic liquid with canola oil. Further, to connect tool-chip tribology with machining, turning experiments were carried out under similar lubricating conditions. Results show that the sliding friction, pin surface temperature, and wear were reduced by 48.1%, 44%, and 69.6%, respectively, due to better lubricating ability and spreading tendency of halogen-free ionic liquid blended with canola oil. The microscopic analyses of pin surfaces and the morphology of counter disc surfaces further supported better lubrication between the sliding pair. For P6,6,6,14 [i(C8)2PO2] ionic liquid blended with canola oil, the average cutting temperature and machined workpiece surface roughness reduces by 43.6% and 62.4% compared to dry machining.

Effect of 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate on water activity of ternary aqueous ionic liquid solutions containing [BMIm]Br, [BMIm]Cl, [HMIm]Br, and [HMIm]Cl, at 298.15 K

In improved isopiestic method, the effect of 1-butyl 1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([BMP][TfO]) on the activity of water of aqueous solutions of 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium bromide ([BMIm]Br), 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([BMIm]Cl), 1-hexyl 3-methyl imidazolium bromide ([HMIm]Br), and 1-hexyl 3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([HMIm]Cl) was determined. Some quantities of vapor liquid equilibrium were calculated from the experimental values. The activity coefficients of [BMIm]Br, [BMIm]Cl, [HMIm]Br, and [HMIm]Cl in binary and ternary systems were calculated by the results obtained from correlating the activity of water measured in these systems with TNRF-mNRTL local composition based model. Through it, the transfer of these ionic liquids from water to aqueous ternary solutions containing [BMP][TfO] was investigated with respect to the transfer Gibbs energy. The interactions between solute and solvent were highlighted using the transfer Gibbs energy, water activity and partial pressure of water data.

Optimization of Fenton Oxidation Process for Degradation of 1-Butyl-3 Methyl Imidazolium Chloride (BMIMCL) Using Response Surface Methodology

The degradation of 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) ionic liquid (IL) by Fenton oxidation has been studied. The optimization of operating parameters for maximum degradation of BMIMCl has been carried out using the Central Composite Design (CCD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The three independent input parameters selected were the dosage of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2), the dosage of iron (Fe2+), and the pH of the output or response selected was Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal efficiency. Experiments were carried out according to the experimental design provided by CCD. For TOC Degradation, the model’s R2 and R2adj correlation coefficients between experimental and model-predicted values were 0.9769 and 0.9561, respectively. This indicates a satisfactory correlation of experimental results with model-predicted values. The optimum values of operating parameters for maximum degradation were found to be H2O2=307 mM (X1), Fe2+=1.1 mM (X2), and (pH)=3.3 (X3), for a reaction time of 120 min. For these operating parameters, the experimental result for TOC removal efficiency was found to be 72.89% as compared to the model-predicted value of 73.67%. These results indicate that the values were closely correlated with each other and thus the model was validated satisfactorily. Overall, the results indicate that the BMIMCl ionic liquid can be effectively degraded by the Fenton oxidation process.

Imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)/ionic liquid solutions: Rheology, structuration and ionic transport properties

RAFT-made poly(ionic liquid) chains (PIL), poly(1-[2-acryloylethyl]-3-methylimidazolium bromide) (Poly [AEmim][Br]), have been mixed with a ionic liquid (IL), namely butylmethylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim][Cl].) The similarities in terms of structure and polarity of these molecular and macromolecular imidazolium derivatives led to homogeneous and transparent solutions. The influence of the chain molar mass and the concentration was examined through rheology investigation. It was established that the steady-shear viscosity of the solutions, and the viscoelastic properties can be finely tuned by these two parameters and by temperature. The thermal-dependence of the rheological features allowed for determining high activation energies (Ea) (around 80 kJ/mol), compared to analogous PIL aqueous solutions. Such Ea values reflect high cohesion in PIL/IL solutions, related to the formation of multiple strong interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces and Coulomb interactions between ionic species. Wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments as well as scanning electron microscopy analysis evidenced a multi-scale local homogeneity of the PIL/IL solutions, which additionally exhibit high ionic conductivity (ca. 10−3 S/cm at 30 °C), as measured by broadband dielectric spectroscopy.

The Solubility of Gases in Ionic Liquids: A Chemoinformatic Predictive and Interpretable Approach.

This work comprises the study of solubilities of gases in ionic liquids (ILs) using a chemoinformatic approach. It is based on the codification, of the atomic inter-component interactions, cation/gas and anion/gas, which are used to obtain a pattern of activation in a Kohonen Neural Network (MOLMAP descriptors). A robust predictive model has been obtained with the Random Forest algorithm and used the maximum proximity as a confidence measure of a given chemical system compared to the training set. The encoding method has been validated with molecular dynamics. This encoding approach is a valuable estimator of attractive/repulsive interactions of a generical chemical system IL+gas. This method has been used as a fast/visual form of identification of the reasons behind the differences observed between the solubility of CO2 and O2 in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM PF6 ) at identical temperature and pressure (TP) conditions, The effect of variable cation and anion effect has been evaluated.

Pyrimidine-2,4-dione targets STAT3 signaling pathway to induce cytotoxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a tumorigenic transcription factor that is persistently activated in various human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, STAT3 is considered as a prominent target to counteract the uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells. In the present report, pyrimidine-2,4-diones (N-methyluracil derivatives) (MNK1-MNK14) were synthesized in an ionic liquid (BMIm PF6) medium employing a ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling process. Among the 14 derivatives, compound MNK8 showed good cytotoxicity towards both the tested cell lines and did not display a toxic effect against normal hepatocytes (LO2). MNK8 significantly increased the Sub-G1 cell count in both cell lines and the cytotoxic effect of MNK8 was found to be mediated through the suppression of constitutive phosphorylation of STAT3Y705. It also decreased the DNA interaction ability of nuclear STAT3 in HCC cells. MNK8 downregulated the levels of apoptosis-related proteins (such as Bcl-2, cyclin D1, survivin) and increased cleaved caspase-3 inferring the apoptogenic effect of MNK8. It also reduced the CXCL12-triggered cell migration and invasion in in vitro assay systems. Overall, MNK8 has been demonstrated as a new inhibitor of STAT3 signaling cascade in HCC cells.

Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Dihydroxybenzene Isomers at 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode

A simplistic and inexpensive electrochemical platform has been fabricated for the simultaneous detection of Dihydroxybenzene Isomers (DHBIs); named- Hydroquinone (HQ), Catechol (CC) and Resorcinol (RS); in aqueous system. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) were adopted for the detection technique. 2B pencil (Faber Castell) collected from the resident stationary shop was used for fabricating Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE) used as working electrode. PGE was characterized by SEM and EDX. It was modified electrochemically by ionic liquid, 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BIHP). Total analyses were performed in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 7.0. BIHP-PGE showed good selectivity and robust anti-interference for detection of HQ, CC and RS simultaneously in aqueous media. For HQ, CC and RS, the limit of detection is 9.09 μML -1 , 8.15 μM L -1 and 26.78 μM L -1 respectively and sensitivity is 525.21 μA/mM/cm 2 , 585.68 μA/mM/cm 2 and 178.00 μA/mM/cm 2 respectively at BIHP-PGE in simultaneous detection.

Copper recovery by slurry electrolysis using ionic liquids from waste printed circuit boards

<p>The regulatory framework of heavy metal pollution associated with electronic waste is prevalent all over the world. As a result of technological advancement and change in consumer patterns, the life span of electrical and electronic products has been shortened. This has contributed to the emergence of massive amounts of electronic waste that needs to be handled. With the exponential growth of the telecommunications sector, the recycling of useful resources from electronic waste devices, especially mobile phones, is of great significance. Besides, the presence of valuable metals enables the recycling of electronic waste potentially appealing. In this research, numerous types of ionic liquids like Butyl methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Bmim][PF6], Butyl methylimidazolium chloride [Bmim][Cl], Ethyl methylimidazolium chloride [Emim][Cl] and Butyl methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Bmim][BF4] were used to analyze the copper leaching behavior of electronic mobile handset devices. Several influential aspects on the leaching efficiency of copper including different types of ionic liquid, temperature and leaching time have been examined. The findings showed [Bmim][PF6] and [Emim][Cl] were better ionic liquids in appropriate conditions for high copper leaching rates.</p>

Investigation on stability, density and viscosity of ZnO/PEG nanofluids in the presence of 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium bromide ionic liquids

Addition of ionic liquids (ILs) into the fluids containing nanoparticles is often used to minimize particle aggregation and improve dispersion behavior of nanofluids. However, they also affect the physical characteristics of liquids, such as thermophysical properties and viscosity. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium bromide [C4mim][Br] and 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium chloride [C4mim][Cl] on the dispersion stability, volumetric characterizations and viscosity of polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200) nanofluids containing ZnO nanoparticles. Particle size distribution of these nanofluids has been studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The obtained results show that the nanofluids with PEG 200 + [C4mim][Cl] have lower stability than PEG 200 + [C4mim][Br]. Additionally, in order to understand molecular interactions between components of studied nanofluids (ZnO, PEG 200 and ILs) the density (d), speed of sound (u) and viscosity ( $$\eta$$ ) of these nanofluids were measured at 293.15, 298.15, 308.15 and 308.15 K. The excess molar volume ( $$V_{m}^{E}$$ ), apparent molar volume ( $$V_{\phi }$$ ) and isentropic compressibility ( $$\kappa_{s}$$ ) have been calculated using density and speed of sound data. These properties can help us to discuss about the stability and volumetric characterizations of the nanofluids. Also, theoretical analyses of $$V_{m}^{E}$$ , $$\kappa_{s}$$ and $$\eta$$ were performed using some existing models (Ott et al., Redlich–Kister, Eyring-mNRF and Eyring-NRTL) and the obtained results were compared with experimental data.

MW irradiation and ionic liquids as green tools in hydrolyses and alcoholyses

Abstract The optimized HCl-catalyzed hydrolysis of alkyl diphenylphosphinates is described. The reaction times and pseudo-first-order rate constants suggested the iPr > Me > Et ∼ Pr ∼ Bu order of reactivity in respect of the alkyl group of the phosphinates. The MW-assisted p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA)-catalyzed variation means a better alternative possibility due to the shorter reaction times, and the alkaline hydrolysis is another option. The transesterification of alkyl diphenylphosphinates took place only in the presence of suitable ionic liquids, such as butyl-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphorate ([bmim][PF6]) and butyl-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]). The application of ethyl-methylimidazolium hydrosulfate ([emim][HSO4]) and butyl-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim][Cl]) was not too efficient, as the formation of the ester was accompanied by the fission of the O–C bond resulting in the formation of Ph2P(O)OH. This surprising transformation may be utilized in the phosphinate → phosphinic acid conversion.

Green synthesis of ionic liquid mediated neodymium oxide nanoparticles by Andrographis paniculata leaves extract for effective bio-medical applications

Plant mediated synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) plays a prominent role in the field of pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. In the present work, the leaves extract of ‘Andrographis paniculata’ was used as a reducing agent for the synthesis of neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) and ionic liquid assisted neodymium oxide (Nd2O3-IL) NPs. The ionic liquid of 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM PF6] is used as a stabilizing agent to improve the morphology and surface nature of Nd2O3 NPs. The crystallinity and structure of Nd2O3 and Nd2O3-IL NPs were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The optical emission peak of the NPs was found to be 480, 532, 595 and 675 nm. The chemical compositions of Nd2O3 and Nd2O3-IL NPs were analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum. The XPS analysis revealed that the binding energies of neodymium correspond to 3d3/2, 3d5/2, and 4d orbitals. The antibacterial activity of the NPs was tested against the bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities with standard drugs were tested by the synthesized Nd2O3 and Nd2O3-IL NPs. The anticancer activity of Nd2O3 and Nd2O3-IL NPs confirmed the concentration based mitochondria dehydrogenize in MTT assay against MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Electrotunable Friction in Diluted Room Temperature Ionic Liquids: Implications for Nanotribology

Using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations, we study the mechanism of electrotunable friction in the mixture of a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), BMIM PF6, and an organic solv...

Determination of intrinsic viscosity of native cellulose solutions in ionic liquids

The weight-average molecular weights of six native cellulose samples in ionic liquids were determined through steady shear viscosity measurements in the ionic liquid butyl methyl imidazolium chloride. The intrinsic viscosity [η] in ethyl methyl imidazolium acetate (EMImAc) is measured using a gravity-driven glass capillary viscometer and found to be independent of temperature in the range of 30–80 °C, disproving a literature report of [η] in EMImAc, exhibiting a strong temperature dependence. Findings are contrasted with values of intrinsic viscosity in cupriethylenediamine hydroxide, the most widely used solvent to dissolve and analyze the molecular weight of cellulose pulps in industry. Differences are tentatively attributed to the different temporary association properties of cellulose chains in the two solvents. Finally, it is demonstrated that cellulose adsorbs at the air/solution interface in three different ionic liquids to create a viscoelastic liquid interfacial layer of higher concentration. Adsorption at the air/solution interface gives an extra contribution to the measured torque in various rotational rheometer geometries, which apparently simply adds to the torque from the pure bulk solution.

Niobium chloride in 1−n−butyl−3−methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid as a catalyst for biginelli reaction

In this study, NbCl5 in a liquid ionic medium was evaluated as a catalyst for Biginelli reaction. Firstly, the ionic species found in mixtures of NbCl5 and 1−butyl−3−methylimidazolium chloride (BMImCl) at various molar ratios (x) were determined. Samples with x ranging from 0.2 up to 0.4 were constituted of BMIm+, Cl− and [NbCl6]− ions in different proportions. When x was 0.5, BMIm+ and [NbCl6]− were the only species. When the molar ratio was 0.6 a mixture of BMImNbCl6 and Nb2Cl10 was observed. The identification of the ionic species provides useful information about the chemical nature of the niobium catalyst in the Biginelli reaction and other chemical or electrochemical transformations. The Biginelli reaction carried out using ethyl acetoacetate, benzaldehyde and urea in the presence of NbCl5 and xNbCl5_BMImCl mixtures with x varying from 2 to 5 yielded almost 90% of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinone, which means the acid C (2) hydrogen in the BMIm+ with [NbCl6]- as the counterion acted as Brønsted acid capable of bonding to the CO of benzaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate, following the iminium mechanism.

Fiber fines for fabricating lignocellulose films and the effect of lignin

Excess lignocellulose fines in some fiber processing mills cause issues and hurt product quality. To use this type of biomaterial as a resource, surplus fines can be separated and dissolved with solvents for further transformation. Therefore, 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium chloride ionic liquid (IL) was used as a powerful green solvent for a rapid dissolution process. However, a low degree of polymerization (DP) of the cellulose in fines and the effects of lignin content and its structure on the process and film properties are controversial subjects. This study demonstrated that the three dimensional structure of lignin did not permit the raw bagasse fines (prior to pulping) to dissolve in the IL even after several hours. However, following decomposition of the lignin structure by pulping, the fiber fines were readily dissolved. Further, all the fabricated films from the fiber fines exhibited satisfactory strength properties, despite the fact that the cellulose had a low DP. The films from bleached fiber fines showed higher tensile strength than those containing lignin, although the cellulose chain was longer and had a higher DP for the latter. Lignin resulted in reduced transparency, and higher absorption of ultraviolet radiations, but it did not affect the surface roughness of the films.

NMR investigations on binding and dynamics of imidazolium-based ionic liquids with HEWL.

Molecular level insights on protein-ionic liquid (P-IL) interactions are beneficial for assessing protein stability, binding and dynamics. In the present work, interactions of ILs, namely, 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate (IL1), 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate (IL2) and 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium chloride (IL3) with hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) protein were investigated using solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. To ascertain the binding and dynamics from the perspective of both protein and IL, various ligand based NMR approaches such as selective and non-selective nuclear spin-relaxation (R1SEL and R1NS), saturation transfer difference (STD), difference of inversion recovery rate with and without target irradiation (DIRECTION), 35Cl line-shape and spin-relaxation, and protein back bone amide chemical shift perturbations (CSPs) from 1H-15N HSQC were utilized. Among the ILs investigated, IL2 experiences significant interaction relative to those of IL1 and IL3, as revealed by the combined R1SEL and R1NS analysis, which is further supported by STD NMR. CSP analyses of 1H-15N HSQC spectra of aqueous P-IL mixtures enabled to identify the potential binding sites of ILs with HEWL. Whereas, 15N longitudinal (R1) and transverse (R2) spin-relaxation rates and 15N{1H} heteronuclear nuclear Overhauser effect (hetNOE) data subjected to the model free analysis for IL2 yielded the rotational correlation times and order parameters of various residues of HEWL. Furthermore, the results could discern the nature of interactions between studied ILs and HEWL in terms of specific and non-specific interactions.

Dynamics in the BMIM PF6/acetonitrile mixtures observed by femtosecond optical Kerr effect and molecular dynamics simulations.

We have performed the measurements of the optical Kerr effect signal time evolution up to 4 ns for a mixture of 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM PF6) ionic liquid and acetonitrile in the whole mole fractions range. The long delay line in our experimental setup allowed us to capture the complete reorientational dynamics of the ionic liquid. We have analysed the optical Kerr effect signal in the time and frequency domains with help of molecular dynamics simulations. In our approximation of the slow picosecond dynamics with a multi-exponential decay, we distinguish three relaxation times. The highest two are assigned to the reorientation of the cation and acetonitrile molecules that are in the vicinity of the imidazolium ring. The third one is recognized as originating from cation rotations and reorientation of acetonitrile molecules in the bulk or in the vicinity of the aliphatic chains of the cation. With help of the simulation we interpret the intermolecular band in the reduced spectral density, obtained from Kerr signal, as follows: its low-frequency side results from oscillations of one of the components in the cage formed by its neighbors, while the high-frequency side is attributed to the librations of the cation and acetonitrile molecule as well as the intermolecular oscillations of system components involved in specific interactions. We use this assignment and concentration dependence of the spectra obtained from velocity and angular velocity correlations to explain the mole fraction dependence of Kerr reduced spectral density.

Biomedical applications of ionic liquid mediated samarium oxide nanoparticles by Andrographis paniculata leaves extract

Green synthesis of 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid (IL) assisted rare earth samarium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) was done using Andrographis paniculata leaves extract by hydrothermal method. The crystallinity, particle size and morphology of the IL assisted Samarium oxide (IL-Sm2O3) NPs were studied by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The average particle sizes of 30–50 nm were identified by SEM and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses. The chemical elements and states with their corresponding binding energy values on the prepared IL-Sm2O3 NPs were identified by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The various functional groups such as Sm–O and COO− were identified by FTIR and laser Raman spectroscopy. The optical behaviors of IL-Sm2O3 NPs were characterized by UV–Vis and photoluminescence studies. The positive biological activities of IL-Sm2O3 NPs were proved from antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory studies. The anti-inflammatory activity was detected using bovine serum and EGG albumin denaturation assay at different concentrations with standard drugs. It was found that the antioxidant activity of IL assisted Sm2O3 NPs has a higher impact than the antioxidant activity of Vitamin C.

Structural Forces in Mixtures of Ionic Liquids with Organic Solvents.

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study the impact of electrode charging and addition of solvent (acetonitrile, ACN) on structural forces of the BMIM PF6 ionic liquid (IL) confined by surfaces at nanometer separations. We establish relationships between the structural forces and the microscopic structure of the confined liquid. Depending on the structural arrangements of cations and anions across the nanofilm, the load-induced squeeze-out of liquid layers occurs via one-layer or bilayer steps. The cations confined between charged plates orient with their aliphatic chain perpendicular to the surface planes and link two adjacent IL layers. These structures facilitate the squeeze-out of single layers. For both pure IL and IL-ACN mixtures, we observe a strong dependence of nanofilm structure on the surface charge density, which affects the simulated pressure-displacement curves. Addition of solvent to the IL modifies the layering in the confined film. At high electrode charges and high dilution of IL (below 10% molar fraction), the layered structure of the nanofilm is less well defined. We predict a change in the squeeze-out mechanism under pressure, from a discontinuous squeeze-out (for high IL concentrations) to an almost continuous one (for low IL concentrations). Importantly, our simulations show that charged electrodes are coated with ions even at low IL concentrations. These ion-rich layers adjacent to the charged plate surfaces are not squeezed out even under very high normal pressures of ∼5 GPa. Hence, we demonstrate the high performance of IL-solvent mixtures to protect surfaces from wear and to provide lubrication at high loads.