Butanol Extract Research Articles

Investigation of Algerian Crataegus monogyna Jacq Phenolic Compounds (Using LC-ESI-MS/MS Analysis, Antioxidant Activity, and Enzyme Inhibition) and Their Potential Implications for Food and Nutraceutical Applications

Investigations into the phenolic constituents of the butanolic fraction of Crataegus monogyna were optimized using LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, identifying and quantifying at least 23 fingerprint phytochemical compounds. The major phenolic compounds were epicatechin (99.916 ± 2.208 mg/g), isoquercetrin (53.31 ± 1.172 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (47.457 ± 1.010 mg/g), quinic acid (37.819 ± 1.406 mg/g), rutin (29.98 ± 0.740 mg/g), hesperidin (5.296 ± 0.177 mg/g, detected for the first time in the C. monogyna species), astragalin (1.774 ± 0.020 mg/g), and nicotiflorin (1.482 ± 0.016 mg/g). The antioxidant properties of the lyophilized butanolic fraction were evaluated using DPPH, GOR, ABTS, CUPRAC, and reducing power assays, all of which demonstrated that there was strong activity. Additionally, the neuroprotective effect was evaluated in vitro, showing a potent inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an IC50 of 43.65 ± 2.10 µg/mL. The antidiabetic effect was investigated through α-amylase inhibition (IC50 = 91.19 ± 0.10 µg/mL), showing high inhibitory activity. In addition, the butanolic extract exhibited significant urease inhibition with an IC50 of 26.36 ± 0.05 µg/mL. These results suggest that Algerian C. monogyna has potential as a therapeutic agent for managing diabetes complications and as a natural source of AChE inhibitors, making it a promising subject for the treatment of urease-related conditions. Its high concentrations of natural antioxidants, such as epicatechin, isoquercetrin, chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, rutin, hesperidin, and astragalin, make it suitable for integration into medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and the food sector.

Centaurea dimorpha Viv. (Asteraceae) growing in Algeria extracts as a promising natural cosmetic active ingredient: Broad-spectrum photoprotection and antioxidant efficacy

Recently, plants have been considered as a valuable natural source of cosmetic active ingredientsowing to their sustainability and weak toxicity. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the cosmetic efficacy of Centaurea dimorpha Viv (Asteraceae), an endemic species of North Africa, as a promising natural cosmetic active ingredient. In the present study, Ethyl acetate and Butanolic extracts obtained from powdered Centaurea dimorpha aerial parts were investigated for their phenolic and flavonoid contents, which were evaluatedvia Folin-ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride methods, the in vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging,phosphomolybdenum and phenanthroline assays, the UVB and broad spectrum protective efficacy was spectrophotometrically assessed by measuring SPF, UVA/UVB ratio and critical wavelength (CW) indices. The highest levels of TPC and TFCwere recorded by the ethyl-acetate extract (119.20 ± 0.32 µg GAE mg-1, 50.65 ± 0.43 µg QEmg-1, respectively). Similarly, this extract displayed a significant antioxidant effect, particularly in the phenanthroline assay (152.63 ± 0.49 µg AAEmg-1). Ethyl acetate extract also showed UVB and broad-spectrum (UVB-UVA) protective efficacy (SPF=12.30 ± 0.001, UVA/UVB ratio=0.63 ± 0.001, λc= 371). The results obtained show the possibility to use Ethyl acetate extract as a promising active ingredient for sunscreen formulations.

Evaluation of Anti-oxidant Activity of Different Extracts of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. & Development of Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chloroform Extracts.

The aim of the present investigation is to Evaluation of Anti-oxidant Activity of Different Extracts of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. & Development of Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chloroform Extracts. The roots of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. were purchased from the local market. The roots were taxonomically identified by Senior Scientist at KNK college of Horticulture. Accurately weighed quantity of roots of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. were extracted using petroleum ether (only for removal of fats and lipids), chloroform, methanol, butanol and finally water by soxhlet apparatus for 72 h. Qualitative chemical tests of chloroform, methanol, butanol and water extracts were subjected to various chemical tests to detect various phytoconstituents. β-carotene oxidative bleaching in β-caroten/linoleic acid mixture with and without the addition of different extract of plant. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the test solutions was determined using DPPH photometric method. Anisaldehyde sulphuric acid and vanillin sulphuric acid and heated at 1150 C for 5 minutes. Solvent systems; n-hexane: ethyl acetate, 7:3 were found to be most satisfactory solvent system for chloroform extracts for root respectively. Vitamin E as standard was utilized in this measure and 84% hindrance was viewed as at 30 minutes. Chloroform separate likewise showed 70% restraint at 30 minutes which was decreased to 45% at the hour of 120 minutes. Hydroxyl revolutionary ability to rummage determined as IC50 from the trial information and it uncovers that chloroform, methanol, butanol and water removes have IC50 upsides of 46 μg/mL, 100μg/mL, 200 μg/mL and 150μg/mL, individually. DPPH scavenging capacity determined as IC50 and it shows that chloroform separate has IC50 of 36 μg/mL followed by ascorbic corrosive (3.1μg/mL), gallic corrosive (3.4μg/mL), methanol (41μg/mL), butanolic (46μg/mL) and water (44μg/mL) extricates. The present findings are momentous for the development of alternative, inexpensive and perhaps safer strategies for the handling of diseases.

Acute sleep deprivation-induced hepatotoxicity and dyslipidemia in middle-aged female rats and its amelioration by butanol extract of Tinospora cordifolia

BackgroundSleep deprivation (SD) due to an unhealthy lifestyle poses an oxidative challenge and is closely associated with an increased risk and prevalence of different metabolic disorders. Although the negative consequences of SD are well reported on mental health little is known about its detrimental effects on liver function and lipid metabolism. Tinospora cordifolia is reported for its hepatoprotective activity in different pre-clinical model systems. The current study was designed to elucidate the cumulative effects of aging and acute SD on liver functions, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism, and their management by butanol extract of T. cordifolia (B-TCE) using middle-aged female acyclic rats as the model system.ResultsRats were divided into 4 groups: (1) Vehicle-undisturbed (VUD) (2) Vehicle-sleep deprived (VSD) (3) B-TCE pre-treated sleep-deprived (TSD) (4) B-TCE pre-treated undisturbed sleep (TUD). TSD and TUD groups were given 35 mg/kg of B-TCE once daily for 15 days followed by 12 h of sleep deprivation (6 a.m.–6 p.m.) of VSD and TSD group animals using the gentle-handling method while VUD and TUD group animals were left undisturbed. SD of VSD group animals increased oxidative stress, liver function disruption, and dyslipidemia which were ameliorated by B-TCE pre-treatment. Further, B-TCE was observed to target AMPK and its downstream lipid metabolism pathways as well as the p-Akt/cyclinD1/p-bad pathway of cell survival as possible underlying mechanisms of its hepatoprotective activity.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that B-TCE being a multi-component extract may be a potential agent in curtailing sleep-related problems and preventing SD-associated hepatotoxicity and dyslipidemia in postmenopausal women.Graphical abstractGraphical abstract to depict mechanism of action of B-TCE on liver function and lipid metabolism.

The therapeutic effects of Juglans regia Linn (Walnut) extracts on oral Candida infection

The difficulties associated with oral Candida infection management necessitate the development of novel antifungal medicines in order to widen the spectrum of activity against Candida albicans. The aim of this work is to study the oral anticandidal activity of Juglans regia L. cultivated in Algeria. This plant was chosen due to its traditional use for the treatment of oral infections. Methanolic, ethanolic, butanolic, ethylic acetate and acetonic extracts of the bark of J. regia L. were extracted in a Soxhlet device and screened for in vitro activity against C. albicans. Plant preparations were screened for antifungal activity using a standard agar well diffusion assay. Following a study of the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts, their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were determined using a broth microdilution assay. Among J. regia L. extracts, ethylic acetate extract had potent antifungal activity against Candida strain with diameters of inhibition ranging from 15.16±0.76 to 20.83±0.76 mm, followed by acetonic extract with diameters of inhibition ranging from 14.83±0.76 to 19.33±0.28 mm. The J. regia L. demonstrated MIC values ranging from 0.46875 to 3.75 mg mL-1 and the lowest MIC was recorded for ethylic acetate, acetonic extracts and AMB at 0.46875 mg mL-1. The ethylic acetate extract showed the lowest MFC value (0.9375 mg mL-1), followed by butanolic extract (3.125 mg mL-1). These results indicate that J. regia L. bark extracts can contain compounds with therapeutic potential against oral C. albicans and, hence, their possible use as therapeutic agents for oral candidiasis.

Anti-Diabetic Activities of the Extracts from Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) Specie found in Burkina Faso Using α-Glucosidase Inhibitor

Euphorbia hirta L. is an herbaceous plant used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases. In the present work, different fractions of Euphorbia hirta L. hydroalcoholic extract were investigated for their anti-diabetic properties on α-glucosidase’s inhibition activities. Chemical screening realized following Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 methods showed that ethyl acetate (AcOET) and butanol (BuOH) extracts contain 432.687 ± 1.832 µg and 332.433 ± 1.255 µg GAE/mg of extract for phenolic compounds. The same extracts contained high levels of total flavonoids estimated at 417.850 ± 15.941 µg and 227.640 ± 2.657 μg QE/mg of extract respectively. The anti-diabetic activities revealed that AcOET and BuOH have a very significant inhibitory potential on the enzymatic activity of α-glucosidase with an IC50 values of 1.295 ± 0.035 μg/mL and 2.188 ± 0.204 μg/mL respectively compared to acarbose (IC50 = 214.825 ± 3.816 μg/mL).

Proximate nutritive values, antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial properties and profiling the chemical content of opuntia stricta cladodes and fruit peel by HPLC–DAD-ESI/MS analyses

The study characterises the phenolic compounds in ethanol, butanol, and ethyl acetate extracts from the fruit peels and cladodes of Opuntia stricta (syn. Opuntia dillenii (Ker-Gawl) Haw), from Morocco using UHPLC/DAD/ESI-MS. Additionally, the study evaluates the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of these extracts. Thirteen phenolic compounds were found in Opuntia stricta extracts, such as flavonoids (kaempferol 3-O-arabinoside, isorhamnetin rhamnosyl-rutinoside, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, and isorhamnetin) and phenolic acid. The fruit peels were found to contain the highest phenolic content, protein, and total sugars. The antibacterial effect was investigated in vivo. The most active extract was the ethyl acetate extract of fruit peels and cladodes against Staphylococcus aureus and P. aeruginosa, with inhibition zone diameters of 16.2 and 15 mm, respectively, followed by dichloromethane extract, with zone diameters of 13.8 and 14 mm, respectively. Our results revealed higher antioxidant activity for the ethyl acetate and butanol extracts from fruit peels than cladodes.

Molecular mechanism elucidation of Ocimum basilicum as anticancer using system bioinformatic approach supported by in vitro assay

Breast cancer (BC) is a multifactorial disease involving many pathways and target molecules. Multi-target therapy through multi-compound herbal medicines is an alternative strategy to treat BC. In the present study, we elucidate the molecular mechanism of Ocimum basilicum (OB) as an anticancer agent using system bioinformatic approach and investigate its cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cells. We performed network pharmacology (NP) and molecular docking studies to provide scientific information regarding the underlying anti-BC mechanism of OB. Based on topology parameters obtained from protein-protein interaction (PPI), we identified six potential targets that play a significant role in the network including SRC, PI3KCA, EGFR, ESR1, AKT1, and MAPK1. Furthermore, consensus docking suggested rutin, quercetin-3-O-diglucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-rutinoside as the potential compounds of OB. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect of OB might be related to the modulation of several pathways such as PI3K-Akt, VEGF, and HIF-1, breast cancer, and estrogen signaling pathways. The in vitro assay revealed that various extracts of OB demonstrated cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 with IC50 = 231 µg/mL (OB ethanolic extract), 408 µg/mL (OB methanolic extract), 479 µg/mL (OB ethyl acetate extract), 1887 µg/mL (OB n-hexanoic extract) and 767 µg/mL (OB butanolic extract) respectively.

Secondary metabolite profile of Streptomyces spp. changes when grown with the sub-lethal concentration of silver nanoparticles: possible implication in novel compound discovery.

The decline of new antibiotics and the emergence of multidrug resistance in pathogens necessitates a revisit of strategies used for lead compound discovery. This study proposes to induce the production of bioactive compounds with sub-lethal concentrations of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). A total of Forty-two Actinobacteria isolates from four Saudi soil samples were grown with and without sub-lethal concentration of Ag-NPs (50µgml-1). The spent broth grown with Ag-NPs, or without Ag-NPs were screened for antimicrobial activity against four bacteria. Interestingly, out of 42 strains, broths of three strains grown with sub-lethal concentration of Ag-NPs exhibit antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus. Among these, two strains S4-4 and S4-21 identified as Streptomyces labedae and Streptomyces tirandamycinicus based on 16S rRNA gene sequence were selected for detailed study. The change in the secondary metabolites profile in the presence of Ag-NPs was evaluated using GC-MS and LC-MS analyses. Butanol extracts of spent broth grown with Ag-NPs exhibit strong antimicrobial activity against M. luteus and S. aureus. While the extracts of the controls with the same concentration of Ag-NPs do not show any activity. GC-analysis revealed a clear change in the secondary metabolite profile when grown with Ag-NPs. Similarly, the LC-MS patterns also differ significantly. Results of this study, strongly suggest that sub-lethal concentrations of Ag-NPs influence the production of secondary metabolites by Streptomyces. Besides, LC-MS results identified possible secondary metabolites, associated with oxidative stress and antimicrobial activities. This strategy can be used to possibly induce cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters for the discovery of new lead compounds.

Urine metabolomics unravel the effects of short-term dietary interventions on oxidative stress and inflammation: a randomized controlled crossover trial

Dietary biomarkers in urine remain elusive when evaluating diet-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. In our previous study, we conducted a randomized controlled crossover trial to compare the short-term (4-weeks) effects of the balanced Korean diet (BKD) with Western diets, including the 2010 dietary guidelines for Americans (2010 DGA) and typical American diet (TAD), on various metabolic indices in obese Korean adults. Building on this work, the current research focuses on the impact of these dietary interventions on oxidative stress (d-ROMs and BAP) and inflammation (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1) biomarkers in serum, and the concurrent urine metabolomes. Each dietary regimen was in silico and experimentally examined for their antioxidant levels using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays, as well as total flavonoid (TFC) and total phenolic (TPC) contents. We assessed post-intervention variations in oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in serum, as well as the urine metabolite profiles for the participants (n = 48, average age: 41 years). Antioxidant contents and associated total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly higher for the recommended diets (BKD and 2010 DGA) compared to TAD (p < 0.05). Butanol extracts from recommended diets (BKD and 2010 DGA) showed significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to TAD in ABTS (p < 0.01), DPPH, and FRAP (p < 0.05) assays. Consistent results were observed in total phenolic and flavonoid contents, mirroring their respective antioxidant activities. Following the intervention period, oxidative stress & inflammation markers in serum varied marginally, however, the urine metabolite profiles were clearly demarcated for the BKD and Western dietary groups (PC1 = 5.41%). For BKD group, the pre- and post-intervention urine metabolite profiles were clearly segregated (PLS2 = 2.93%). Compared to TAD, urine extracts from the recommended dietary group showed higher abundance of benzoic acid & phenolic derivatives (VIP > 0.7, p < 0.05). Metabolites associated with oxidative stress were observed higher in the urine samples from Western dietary groups compared to BKD. Urine metabolomics data delineated the post-intervention effects of three dietary interventions which corroborates the respective findings for their effects on metabolic indices.

Evaluation of destruction of bacterial membrane structure associated with anti-quorum sensing and ant-diabetic activity of Cyperus esculentus extract

Recently, there has been an increasing demand for medicinal plants to control diseases for good health and well-being, as primary health facilities are inadequate in certain populations to cure infections. Since synthetic medicines are toxic to humans and other animals, the present research is thus focused on using traditional medicine for treating various ailments as they are harmless. Based on the above facts, the current study was conducted to assay the antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-cholinesterase, anti-oxidant, anti-quorum sensing, and anti-antibiotic resistance modifying effect of extracts of Cyperus esculentus. This study found 37 and 30 chemicals in butanol and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts using a gas chromatograph mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS). Most active compounds identified were benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-, 1,2,3-benzenetriol, 3-bornanone, oxime and oleic acid by extracts of butanol whereas dichloromethane extracted three major active compounds (2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-, 4H-pyran-4-one 3-deoxy-d-mannoic lactone and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural). Both dichloromethane and butanol extracts showed the highest antimicrobial activity. Compared to aqueous extracts, dichloromethane, and butanol showed excellent anti-diabetic anti-cholinesterase activities and inhibited virulence factors regulated by quorum sensing (QS). Anti-oxidants increased in solvent extracts (DCM and butanol) compared to aqueous extracts. Results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transmission Infrared (FTIR) indicated damage to the cell membrane of S. aureus by the formation of pits and breakage in functional groups exposed to the extracts of butanol and dichloromethane compared to aqueous extracts. The above results confirmed that C. esculentus can be an alternative medicine for treating diseases.

Phytochemical screening and anti-inflammatory activities of different fractions from Citrullus lanatus leaves: A comprehensive study

Inflammation, a protective immune response, can contribute to maintaining homeostasis but can also cause harm when chronic or excessive. Citrullus lanatus has been suggested to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that may aid in preventing and treating oxidative stress and inflammation. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of phytochemicals, as well as the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Citrullus lanatus leaves extract. The ethyl acetate, hexane, butanol fraction and aqueous methanol extract were subjected to various standard quantitative phytochemical analysis, while the hexane fraction and aqueous methanol extract were subjected to standard in vitro anti-inflammatory assays. Spectrophotometric and gravimetric methods were used in this study. The in vitro anti-denaturation (stabilization) assay was used for detecting a wide range of antioxidant compounds. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest flavonoid and polyphenol levels, followed by hexane, butanol, and aqueous methanol extract, respectively. Quantitative phytochemical analysis showed the levels of flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, alkaloids and saponins present in the different fractions of C. lanatus. The human erythrocyte membrane stabilization assay showed that extracts were able to stabilize human red blood cell membrane against hypotonic-induced hemolysis in five different samples. The extract of Citrullus lanatus was found to have the highest antioxidant activity. This study has shown that the leaves of Citrullus lanatus can be used in ethnomedicine for the prevention and treatment of ailments caused by oxidative stress and inflammation-related diseases.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of Verbascum thapsus extract and its combination with polyvinyl alcohol in the form electrospun nanofibrous membrane for efficient wound dressing application

Verbascum thapsus (V. thpsus), family Scrophulariaceae, has considerable importance in traditional medicine worldwide because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. V. thpsus was used in traditional medicines as a useful drug for lung disease, sore throat, wound healing, and treatment of whooping cough. The aim of this study was to extract of V. thpsus bioactive fraction using antibacterial assay guided fractionation methodology and develop a system based on electrospun nanofibrous membrane (NFM) that can be effective by releasing the extract of V. thapsus for antibacterial and wound healing applications. For this purpose, the fractionation of total extract was done using Liquid-Liquid extraction method. The selected fraction based on its anti-bacterial activity was then subjected to the silica gel column chromatography for further purification. Since electrospinning is an economical and relatively simple method to produce continuous and uniform nanofibers, and due to its high specific surface area, adjustable pore size, and flexibility, special attention has been paid to loaded the most effective fraction on PVA nanofibers for applications such as wound dressings. The obtained result showed that, the purified V. Thapsus extract has a concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemically analyses of bioactive fraction by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) proved the presence of 6 phenolic acids, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and flavonoid, rutin, as the major compounds. Also, physicochemical characterization of PVA-selected extract loaded electrospun nanofibrous membranes (NFM) were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). MTT and hemolysis assays were done to affirm the biocompatibility of fabricated scaffolds. Release profile of extract loaded- NFM showed continues release of extract from mat during 90h. Moreover, the capability of these NFM in wound healing application was evaluated in-vitro and in-vivo. The cell viability test (MTT), cell adhesion images, antioxidant, antibacterial, hemolysis assays and in-vitro and in-vivo wound healing assays confirmed that fabricated NFM containing 5 % butanolic extract were the most biocompatible scaffold for wound dressing applications and accelerates the rate of wound closure. The obtained outcomes confirmed that V. thpsus/PVA NFM can be considered as promising scaffold for potential wound dressings.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF 20-HYDROXYECDISONE IN THE SERRATULA CORONATA HERBAL DRY EXTRACT

Introduction. The development and validation of analytical methods are one of the most important stages in the development of a new drug. As part of the implementation of the scientific research plan, the VILAR has developed a method for obtaining a dry extract Serratula coronata herb and its adaptogenic activity has been proven. The purpose of the study was to develop and validate a method for the quantitative determination of 20-hydroxyecdysone to control the quality of the Serratula coronata herbal dry extract. Materials and methods. The object of the study is a dry extract obtained by extracting dried herb with 70% ethyl alcohol, subsequent concentration, purification with chloroform, liquid-liquid extraction with n-butanol and drying of butanol extracts. Results. As a result of the research, optimal analysis conditions were selected and validation was carried out, which made it possible to characterize it positively in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, reproducibility, and intra-laboratory precision. Conclusions. The developed method is suitable for the quantitative determination of 20-hydroxyecdysone in the Serratula coronata herbal dry extract and can be used in drawing up a regulatory document for this substance.

Evaluation of the Potential of Daucus crinitus Extracts and Their Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles in Inhibiting the Corrosion of Carbon Steel

This study explores Daucus crinitus extracts (DCE) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) synthesized using the extracts as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel (CS) in HCl medium. The synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized via UV-vis spectroscopy, exhibiting a peak at approximately 375 nm. The study employed weight loss (WL) and electrochemical measurements, alongside spectrophotometric evaluation of corrosion products. Surface morphology was assessed via scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Thermodynamic analysis revealed the physical adsorption of DCE on CS according to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Potentiodynamic polarization (PP) measurements indicated DCE as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) exhibited increased charge transfer resistance and reduced double-layer capacitance with inhibitory addition. The most effective inhibition was observed with butanol extract (BE) and improved more with its corresponding nanoparticles (BENPs), exhibiting inhibitory efficiencies of 80.20% and 91.20%, respectively, at 298 K with a concentration of 800 ppm. The evaluation of corrosion products using colorimetry revealed that the concentration of polyphenols decreased after the inhibitory process. Furthermore, the intensity of ferrous ions (Fe2+) decreased as the inhibitory concentration increased. In addition, SEM-EDS analysis confirmed the presence of ZnO-NPs, which enhanced the surface morphology and established a protective layer formed by the adsorbed inhibitors. The SEM-EDS analysis confirmed the presence of ZnO-NPs, the enhancement of surface morphology, and the establishment of a protective layer formed by the adsorbed inhibitors.

Phytochemical Profiling, LC-MS Analyses, Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Ruta montana: An Ethnomedicinally Important Plant in Algeria

Background: Ruta montana (R. montana) is a medicinal plant with a long history of traditional use in treating ailments. Objective: The present work aims to study the phytochemical composition and to evaluate the biological activities of R. montana L. (Rutacea) extracts. Methods: Bioactive compounds were obtained using solid-liquid extraction using solvents of increasing polarity. The obtained extracts were qualitatively analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The pharmacological properties of R. montana were also investigated. Antioxidant activity was achieved "in vitro" using two methods: scavenging of the free radical DPPH and total antioxidant capacity. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion method on 3 pathogenic bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus). In addition, cytotoxic activity was determined by the "Brine shrimp" test. Results: Chemical investigation allowed the identification of 14 phenolic compounds. The identified compounds were mainly phenolic acids, coumarins and flavonoids. The crude extract and the different tested fractions exhibited an interesting antioxidant activity. Chloroform extract was effective against the growth of the tested bacterial strains with zones of inhibition varying between 14 and 18 mm. In contrast, ethyl acetate and butanolic extracts were almost inactive on all of the tested bacterial strains. Furthermore, the crude extract was found to exhibit antibacterial activity with 11 to 11.66 mm of inhibitions zone. No cytotoxic effect was recorded for all the tested extracts up to a concentration of 4000 μg/mL. Conclusion: This work highlights the potent bioactivity and acceptable drug-likeness of this plant, which supports its further uses.

Orostachys malacophylla (pall.) fisch extracts alleviate intestinal inflammation in Drosophila

Ethnopharmacological relevanceOrostachys malacophylla (Pall.) Fisch (O. malacophylla) is a succulent herbaceous plant that is the Orostachys genus of Crassulaceae family. O. malacophylla has been widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-febrile, antidote, anti-Toxoplasma gondii properties. However, the biological function of alleviating intestinal inflammation and key bioactive compounds were still unknown. Aim of the studyWe used a Drosophila model to study the protective effects and bioactive compounds of O. malacophylla water extract (OMWE) and butanol extract (OMBE) on intestinal inflammation. Materials and methodsDrosophila intestinal inflammation was induced by oral invasion of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) or Erwinia carotovora carotovora 15 (Ecc15). We revealed the protective effects of two extracts by determining intestinal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) levels and intestinal integrity, and using network pharmacology analysis to identify bioactive compounds. ResultsWe demonstrated that both OMWE and OMBE could ameliorate the detrimental effects of DSS, including a decreased survival rate, elevated ROS levels, increased cell death, excessive proliferation of ISCs, acid-base imbalance, and disruption of intestinal integrity. Moreover, the overabundance of lipid droplets (LDs) and AMPs by Ecc15 infection is mitigated by these extracts, thereby enhancing the flies' resistance to adverse stimuli. In addition, we used widely targeted metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis to identify bioactive compounds associated with IBD healing that are present in OMWE and OMBE. ConclusionsIn summary, our research indicates that OMWE and OMBE significantly mitigate intestinal inflammation and have the potential to be effective therapeutic agents for IBD in humans.

Evaluation of bacteriostatic and antioxidant activities of various extracts from aerial part of Piper nigrum grown in Gulf countries traditionally used for the treatment of various infectious diseases

AbstractPiper nigrum (P. nigrum) is a tropical medicinal plant widely available in Southeast Asian countries including Oman. In Asian It has a long history of usage in places such as Oman for treating of rheumatism, colds, and various infections. Based on the medicinal uses, the purpose of this research is to create diverse fractions using increasing solvent polarity from the aerial part of the collected plant species and evaluate their antibacterial and antioxidant activities by using established bioassays. The aerial part was collected from the Southern part of Oman and processed using the standard method. The processed materials were recovered using the maceration method using methanol, and the methanol raw extracts was further fractionated with water extraction, butanol, ethyl acetate (ETA), hexane, and dichloromethane are produced using different liquid polarities. Each of the six plant extracts was tested for antioxidant and antibacterial potential at different concentrations against DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and agar diffusion methods. All of the fractions at varied concentrations shown promising antioxidant activity with DPPH against the gallic acid. The maximum activity was observed in hexane extract, while the smallest potential was noticed in butanol extract, in the following order: hexane &gt; chloroform &gt; water &gt; methanol &gt; ethyl acetate &gt; butanol extract. The antibacterial efficacy of six different polarities extracts gives moderate activity against two Gram-positive bacteria strains namely S. saprophyticus and S. aureus and three Gram-negative namely P. vulgaris, K. senegalensis and E. coli. Among the six extracts, hexane extract had the most antibacterial activity, whereas butanol extract had the smallest activity. The remaining four extracts, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water, all had comparable activity. In conclusion, the extracts with the greatest activity from the chosen plant types might be employed as natural antioxidants to treat infectious disorders.

Sutherlandiosides E−K: Further cycloartane glycosides from Sutherlandia frutescens

A further chemical investigation of the butanol extract of leaves from the South African medicinal plant Sutherlandia frutescens led to the isolation of eight previously unreported saponins (1−8), together with the known sutherlandiosides A−D. Their structures were established by spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR) analyses, CD, optical rotation, mass spectrometry, as well as chemical conversions. The isolates were screened for their cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line, although no significant activity was observed. In addition to the chemophenetic markers for this genus, i.e. the cycloartane glycosides, the present work also reports on the first isolation of an oleanan-type saponin from the Sutherlandia genus, forming an important fingerprint for the chemical composition of the plant.

Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities for different extracts of Casuarina equisetifolia.

Casuarina equisetifolia belongs to the Casuarina species with the most extensive natural distribution, which contain various phytochemicals with potential health benefits. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of different extracts of Casuarina equisetifolia. The n-hexane extract was analyzed for its unsaponifiable and fatty acid methyl esters fractions, while chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol extracts were studied for their phenolic components. Six different extracts of C. equisetifolia needles were evaluated for their total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. The n-hexane extract contained mainly hydrocarbons and fatty acid methyl esters, while ten phenolic compounds were isolated and identified in the chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol extracts. The methanolic extract exhibited the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content, highest antioxidant activity, and most potent cytotoxic activity against HepG-2 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. The ethyl acetate extract showed the most significant inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Casuarina equisetifolia extracts showed promising antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. Overall, Casuarina equisetifolia is a versatile tree with a variety of uses, and its plant material can be used for many different purposes.