Butanetetracarboxylic Acid Research Articles

Butane Tetracarboxylic Acid Grafted on Polymeric Nanofibrous Aerogels for Highly Efficient Protein Absorption and Separation.

Developing high-performance and low-cost protein purification materials is of great importance to meet the demands for highly purified proteins in biotechnological industries. Herein, a facile strategy was developed to design and construct high-efficiency protein absorption and separation media by combining aerogels' molding techniques and impregnation processes. Poly (ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) nanofibrous aerogels (NFAs) were modified by grafting butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) over them in situ. This modification was carried out using polyphosphoric acid as a catalyst. The resulting EVOH/BTCA NFAs exhibited favorable comprehensive properties. Benefiting from the highly interconnected porous structure, good underwater compressive properties, and abundant absorption ligands, the obtained EVOH/BTCA NFAs possessed a high static absorption capacity of 1082.13 mg/g to lysozyme and a short absorption equilibrium time of about 6 h. A high saturated dynamic absorption capacity for lysozyme (716.85 mg/g) was also realized solely by gravity. Furthermore, EVOH/BTCA NFAs displayed excellent reusability, good acid and alkaline resistance, and unique absorption selectivity performance. The successful synthesis of such aerogels can provide a potential candidate for next-generation protein absorbents for bio-separation and purification engineering.

Microencapsulation of limonene with polyurethane-urea and its application on cotton fabrics

Refreshing scents are encapsulated and bonded to the fabric, and when they stay for a long time, they have a positive effect on people. In the study, limonene was microencapsulated with polyurethane-urea, which formed a strong and stable shell, and was fixed to cotton fabric with intermediate binders (butane tetracarboxylic acid, succinic acid, citric acid) containing multiple carboxyl groups at different curing temperatures. The dimensions of the microcapsules, the effect of mixing speed on the size of the capsule, the efficiency of microencapsulation and the effectiveness of intermediate binders, the fastness of microencapsulated fabrics to UV rays, rubbing and washing were investigated. The following results were obtained: Average microcapsule size 3.18–13.70 µm, microencapsulation efficiency of 73.16–96.24%, active substance loss of 5.7–15.1% for 8 weeks at 20°C and under UV rays 3.32%, binder BTCA that best binds capsules to fabric and capsules adherence to fabric up to 8 washes.

Fabrication of highly carboxylated thermoplastic nanofibrous membranes for efficient absorption and separation of protein

Developing high-performance chromatographic media is of great significance for efficient protein adsorption and separation. Herein, the thermoplastic-poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (EVOH) nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) were fabricated through structure controlled high-speed flow deposition process from EVOH nanofibrous suspensions. Butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) was grafted onto EVOH NFMs to form chromatographic media by impregnation method. The obtained EVOH/BTCA NFMs with highly tortuous structure, excellent structural stability, good hydrophilicity and abundant active carboxyl groups possess selective absorption to positively charge proteins via electrostatic interaction. With increasing BTCA contents, the absorption capacity (take lysozyme as template protein) increased gradually and achieved a maximum absorption capacity of 749.3 mg/g. Meanwhile, the protein absorption performance of EVOH/BTCA NFMs is optimized by the properties of protein solution, physical properties of substrate EVOH NFMs and grafting temperature. EVOH/BTCA NFMs exhibit good reusability and maintain a relatively stable absorption capacity after 10 absorption-elution cycles. Furthermore, superior acid and alkaline resistance of EVOH/BTCA NFMs was proved through being treated in acid and alkaline solutions for 24 h. EVOH/BTCA NFMs can effectively extract lysozyme from egg white. A successful scale-up of such low-cost and high-performance membranes could provide some insights for the design and development of thermoplastic polymeric nanofibrous-based materials with protein separation and purification.

Formaldehyde-free sugarcane-derived aldehydes to co-crosslink silk fabrics with diols for improving wet resilience and minimizing pollutions from wet processing of silk

We developed formaldehyde-free sugarcane-derived aldehydes for silk to minimize pollutions from wet processing of silk fibers via substantial improvement in wet resilience of silk fabrics. Developing effective and non-toxic crosslinkers from plant products promotes sustainability of silk textiles. The poor wet resiliency only allows silk materials for dry cleaning, which has considerable environmental and health concerns. Most silk treatments, based on non-biobased chemicals, resulted in lowered mechanical properties and unacceptable color changes to the materials. Here we applied a softener-free and plant-based co-crosslinking system using sugarcane-derived-aldehydes and diols, which ensured high degrees of crosslinkages durable to repeated home launderings for pollution alleviation. Diols increased degrees of crosslinkings and converted hemiacetal to acetal crosslinkages, indicated by 1H NMR, via reaction with aldehydes groups, thus substantially improving shape retention of silk, e.g., improvement of wet wrinkle recovery degree from 180˚ to 248˚, and smoothness after repeated launderings from Steps 1.9–3.3. The lowered crosslinking temperature provided by sugarcane-derived-aldehydes minimized the damage to silk protein fibers and enhanced the retention of dry tear strength, wet tear strength, dry breaking strength, wet breaking strength, and whiteness to 80 %, 95 %, 86 %, 120 %, and 91 %, respectively. The co-crosslinking in this work, 30–60 °C lower than common non-biobased crosslinking methods with dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea and butanetetracarboxylic acid, provides similar wet resilience but higher retention of mechanical properties, whiteness, and higher wet strength. The co-crosslinking system in this work provided silk fibers with high quality and free of concerns from health and the environment.

Production of CS-g-PNIPAM copolymer and stimuli responsive and antibacterial cotton fabric

PurposeIn this study, fabrication of polymer and cotton fabric exhibiting stimuli-responsive wetting and water vapor permeability features together with antibacterial activity was aimed.Design/methodology/approachTemperature and pH-responsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-graft-chitosan) (PNIPAM-g-CS) copolymer were produced via the free radical addition polymerization method and fixed to the cotton fabric using butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) cross-linker by double-bath impregnation method. The chemical structure of the graft copolymer was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy and H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) analyses. Thermo-responsive behavior of the fabric was investigated by wetting time and water uptake tests, contact angle measurement and surface energy calculation. Additionally, antibacterial activity of the fabric treated with copolymer was studied against S. aureus bacterium.FindingsPNIPAM-g-CS graft copolymer was synthesized successfully, which had lower critical solution temperature (LCST) value of 32 °C and exhibited thermo-responsive property. The treated fabrics exhibited hydrophilic character at temperatures below the LCST and hydrophobic character at temperatures above the LCST. It was found that polymer-coated fabric could have regulated the water vapor permeability by the change in its pore size and hydrophilicity depending on the temperature. Additionally, treated fabric displayed a pH-responsive water absorption behavior and strong antibacterial activity against S.aureus bacterium.Originality/valueIn the study, it has been shown that the cotton fabrics can be fabricated which have antibacterial activity and capable of pH and temperature responsive smart moisture/water management by application of copolymer. It is thought that the fabric structures developed in the study will be promising in the production of medical textile structures where antibacterial activity and thermophysiological comfort are important.

Origin of low dielectric permittivity in crosslinked cellulose/ Kevlar fiber composites as revealed via molecular dynamics simulation

The mismatch of the dielectric constant of oil-paper insulation mainly affects the unreasonable field strength distribution of oil-paper insulation under alternating current conditions. Reducing the dielectric constant of insulation paper by using low dielectric constant Kevlar is an effective way to modify natural fibers. However, the bonding capability of Kevlar and natural fibers is poor. Based on the molecular simulation method, the influence mechanism of different butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) contents on the dielectric constant of cellulose-Kevlar composite structures is analyzed from the perspective of free volume, bond length and angle distribution, and glass transition temperature. The bonding performance of Kevlar and cellulose molecular chains is strengthened when BTCA content is increased and the fractional free volume of the composite structure is reduced. Such a reduction restricts the movement of polar groups and decreases the dielectric constant of the composite structure. Further increasing the BTCA content will raise the number of polar groups and gaps in the system, which is conducive to the establishment of the turning polarization, leading to an increase in the dielectric constant. Within the range of BTCA content selected in the paper, the dielectric constant of the composite structure first decreases, then rises with an increase in BTCA content, and finally reaches the minimum value (3.53) when the BTCA content is 3%. The crosslinking modification method achieves the purpose of improving the dielectric properties of the composite structure and provides a certain theoretical basis for the study of low dielectric constant insulating paper.

Chemically Functionalized Polysaccharide-Based Chelating Agent for Heavy Metals and Nitrogen Compound Remediation from Contaminated Water

The aim of this research was to develop chemically functionalized polysaccharide-based chelating materials with unique heavy metal and nitrogen compound absorptive properties from cellulose, butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), and chitosan. The BTCA was incorporated onto cellulose through an esterification reaction in the presence of sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate as catalyst and then cross-linked with chitosan. The effect of BTCA concentration, modification time, and temperature on the carboxylic acid content percentage of modified cellulose was analyzed. Furthermore, modified cellulose was cross-linked with chitosan to produce water-insoluble chelating materials for heavy metals and nitrogen compound remediation from contaminated water. Characterization of the modified cellulose and its water-insoluble chelating foam materials including chemical, structural, heavy metals, and nitrogen compound uptake analyses. The modified cellulose–chitosan foam can absorb up to 8.91–66.45 mg/g arsenic, 6.57–29.1 mg/g mercury, 10–75.6 mg/g lead, 10–45.47 mg/g cadmium, and 6.45–21.2 mg/g selenium when the foam was treated with 100–1000 ppb contaminated water. The heavy metal uptake of modified cellulose–chitosan foam in contaminated water was significantly greater than modified cellulose, cellulose, and commercial metal-chelating agent PuroliteFerrIX A33E. The interesting thing is that only 0.2gram foam material is enough to decrease of 1liter arsenic concentration from 100 to 11 ppb, which meets the EPA standards. However, the modified cellulose–chitosan foam also can absorb about 0.2 g/g ammonium nitrate, 0.14 g/g ammonium chloride, and 0.29 g/g ammonia when it was treated with 0.1% nitrogen compound contaminated water. The modified cellulose and modified cellulose–chitosan foam was characterized with TGA, DSC, FTIR, and SEM, confirming the cross-linking of the materials.

The prediction of optimal conditions for the surface grafting of β-cyclodextrin onto silk fabrics by an artificial neural network (ANN)

PurposeThe purpose of this study is the chemical grafting of β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) onto silk fabrics by the use of butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as a crosslinking agent and nano-TiO2 (NTO) as a catalyst. The effects of different parameters involved in this particular process, e.g. β-CD, BTCA and NTO concentrations, are examined using the artificial neural network (ANN). The method is evaluated for its ability to predict certain properties of treated fabrics, including grafting yield, dry crease recovery angle (DCRA) and wet crease recovery angle (WCRA), tensile strength, elongation at break and methylene blue dye absorption.Design/methodology/approachThis study was conducted to describe the cross-linking of silk with 1,2,3,4-BTCA as a crosslinking agent in a wet state at low temperatures using NTO catalyst to improve the dry and wet wrinkle recovery (DCRA and WCRA) of silk fabrics. An ANN was also used to model and analyze the effects of BTCA, β-CD and NTO concentrations on the grafting percentage and some properties of the treated samples.FindingsAccording to the results, the wet and dry wrinkle recovery of the silk fabrics was improved for about 38% and 11%, respectively, as compared to the non-cross-linked fabrics, without significantly affecting the tensile strength retention of the fabrics.Originality/valueThis research model and analyze the effects of BTCA, β-CD and NTO concentrations on the grafting percentage and some properties of the treated samples for the first time.

Butane Tetracarboxylic Acid as Green Modifier for Tuned Hydrophilicity of Surface Modified Cellulose

This study proposes one straightforward way for butane tetracarboxylic acid modification of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF). Esterified cellulose nanofibrils (ECNF) were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The reaction mechanism between tetracarboxylic acid modification and CNF was discussed. The resultant ECNF exhibited improved hydrophobicity in water compared with pure CNF. These results confirmed how esterified (ECNF) biobased nanoparticles with tuned hydrophilicity, obtained by treatment with a low cost, sustainable and easily soluble cross-linker, have the potential for widespread applicability in the field polymeric based nanocomposites having different polarity.

Effect of AgNP distribution on the cotton fiber on the durability of antibacterial cotton fabrics

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) loaded on the cotton fiber can endow the fiber with good antibacterial activity, but the AgNPs on the surface of cotton fiber will leach out with the increase of washing times, which will not only greatly reduce the antibacterial properties of cotton fiber, but also cause pollution to the environment. In this paper, carboxyl groups were introduced into cotton fiber by three methods, namely selective oxidation, butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) grafting and polyacrylic acid (PAA) adsorption. The silver ions (Ag+) were adsorbed on the cotton fibers through electrostatic attraction, and after reduction, the AgNPs were loaded onto the cotton fibers, and the AgNP distribution on the fiber and its effect to the washing resistance of AgNPs were studied. The results showed that the carboxyl groups can be introduced onto the cotton fibers by all the three methods, and the reaction only occurred in the amorphous region of the fibers. The selective oxidation and the BTCA grafting can introduce carboxylic groups into the interior of cotton fibers while the PAA adsorption only imports carboxyl groups on the surface of the fiber. As a consequence, AgNPs were formed inside of the cotton fiber when the selective oxidation and the BTCA grafting were employed, while AgNPs can only be loaded on the surface of the fiber by the PAA adsorption method. AgNPs inside of the fiber have high energetic adherence, resulting in silver-cotton fabric nanocomposites with strong slow-release property and long-term antibacterial ability. The fabric nanocomposites prepared by selective oxidation and BTCA grafting exhibited high AgNP retention rate and excellent antibacterial activity even after 80 washing cycles.

The Removal of Reactive Red 141 From Wastewater: A Study of Dye Adsorption Capability of Water-Stable Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibers

Abstract The dye production and its use in textile and related industries resulted in discharge of dye to wastewater. Adsorption for color removal is known as equilibrium separation process, and the resultant decolorization is influenced by physicochemical factors such as adsorbent surface area. The nanofiber membranes prepared by the electrospinning method have controllable nanofiber diameter and pore size distribution (PSD) with a high surface area to volume or mass ratio. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibrous membranes were prepared by the electrospinning method at different collection times such as 3, 5 and 10 h and heat fixated at 130, 150 and 170°C for 10 min, and then, the adsorption capability of PVA nanofiber membranes for Reactive Red 141 from aqueous solution was investigated. In order to make PVA nanofibers stable to water, the nanofibrous membranes were chemically cross-linked by a polycarboxylic acid (1,2,3,4 butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA)). PVA nanofibrous membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, swelling tests and pore size analysis. The results indicated that BTCA crosslinking improved the thermal and water stability of the nanofibrous structure but has no significant effect on the pore sizes of the membranes. Adsorption of Reactive Red 141 was studied by the batch technique, and it was observed that PVA nanofibers removed approximately >80% of the dye.

Polyacid doping-enabled efficient solar evaporation of polypyrrole hydrogel

Solar evaporation opens opportunities for solving the problem of global water scarcity. Polypyrrole (PPY) hydrogels are promising materials for solar steam generation, however, the improvement of steam generation ability remains a challenge. In this paper, we developed a “polyacid doping” strategy by introducing butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTA) to synthesize a novel BTA-doped PPY hydrogel referred to as PPY/BTA hydrogel, that is cross-linked by PPY ligaments with diameters of ~200 nm. Due to the successful doping with hydrophilic BTA, PPY/BTA hydrogel exhibits an enhanced solar energy conversion efficiency (ƞ = 89%) under simulated sunlight (1 kW m−2). Additionally, the evaporation rate (V) of water can reach 1.90 kg m−2 h−1 which is 1.55 times higher than the value (1.22 kg m−2 h−1) obtained using a common PPY product without BTA. This is the most prominent among the reported PPY hydrogels under 1 sun irradiation. Moreover, efficient solar evaporation is found in regenerating wastewater containing Ag nanoparticles and dye, as well as seawater desalination, displaying wide applications. The synthesis method represents a rational design of a high-performance PPY hydrogel for solar evaporation, and could also shed light on fabricating conducting polymer networks for other applications.

Eco-friendly and efficient flame-retardant cotton fabric based on a multi-hydroxyl hyperbranched phosphoramidate

A kind of multi-hydroxyl containing hyperbranched phosphoramidate (HPAE) was successfully synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 31P-NMR, and GPC. With the crosslinking of butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), the flame-retardant cotton fabrics were prepared, and the combustion behavior and thermal degradation properties were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical flammability test, cone calorimetry test and thermogravimetric analysis. After treating with 300 g/L HPAE, good flame retardancy was obtained with LOI value of 29.0% and treated cotton fabrics can pass the vertical flammability test without afterflame and afterglow. The peak heat release rate was decreased from 255 to 93 kW/m2 and the total heat release after treatment was reduced by 37%. The thermal stability was greatly improved and over 40% of char residues maintained at 800 °C in N2. The washing durability of HPAE-BTCA treated cotton fabrics was also investigated and LOI value decreased from 29.0 to 25.2% after 25 washing cycles. Besides, the tensile strength, wrinkle recovery angle, and whiteness of cotton fabric after treatment were examined. Overall, our research provides a facile and effective approach to prepare durable flame-retardant cotton fabric, which has great potential in friendly flame-retardant textiles.

Adsorption of nickel ions from aqueous solution using butane tetracarboxylic acid modified cellulose extracted from peanut shell

Adsorption of nickel ions from aqueous solution using butane tetracarboxylic acid modified cellulose extracted from peanut shell

Preparation and application of polyaldehyde trehalose as a new hydrophilic anti-crease finishing agent for cotton fabric

Polyaldehyde trehalose (OTr) was prepared and applied to cotton fabric as an anti-crease finishing agent under Lewis acid conditions. OTr contains reactive groups (aldehyde groups) and hydrophilic groups (hydroxyl groups). After the aldehyde groups crosslink with the hydroxyl groups of the fibers, the hydroxyl groups of the OTr improve the hydrophilicity of the finished fabric. The target product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The optimum process conditions for anti-crease finishing were studied. The optimal anti-crease finishing process for OTr was 10.0%, a MgCl2concentration of 2.0%, a pH of 3, and curing for 3 min at 150℃. The efficiency of the OTr-treated cotton fabrics was examined, and the anti-crease property, whiteness, tensile strength, hydrophilicity, and staining property of the OTr and conventional anti-crease finishing reagents were compared. The anti-crease property, whiteness, and tensile strength of the OTr-treated fabric improved significantly, but were lower than those of the butane tetracarboxylic acid and glutaraldehyde. Fabric that was treated with the new prepared agent presented a satisfactory hydrophilicity, which indicates that OTr can be used as an effective hydrophilic crosslinking agent.

POSSIBLE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF SODIUM SALICYLATE NANOEMULSION AND GINGER ON CISPLATIN‑INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS (BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY)

Objective: To describe the preparation and characterization of nanoemulsion of sodium salicylate loaded butane tetracarboxylic acid (Bt-Sc-NPs). It also investigates the possible protective effects of Bt-Sc-NPs and\or medicinal plant ginger to evaluate the changes of liver functions, oxidative stress and histopathological investigations against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity.
 Methods: Serum was used to determine alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), δ-glutamyl transferase (δGT), serum human laminin (LN) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase1 (TIMP1). Liver tissue samples collected from the rats were used for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1).
 Results: The beneficial effects of Bt-Sc-NPs with its anti-inflammatory effect and the medicinal ginger with its antioxidant effect were observed. Injection of rats with cisplatin significantly increased serum ALT, AST, ɤGT, TIMP1 and LN. It also increased cisplatin-induced oxidative stress by a significant elevation in liver MDA, NO content; however, a significant decrease of PON1 content. While protection with Bt-Sc-NPs or ginger significantly improved these parameters. In addition, combination of both Bt-Sc-NPs and ginger significantly induced a decrease in serum ALT, AST, ɤGT, TIMP1 and LN. It also reduced cisplatin-induced oxidative stress by the significant reduction in liver MDA, NO content and elevation of PON1 content much more than protection with Bt-Sc-NPs or ginger alone.
 Conclusion: Bt-Sc-NPs were synthesized using nanoemulsion with the help of homogenization and ultra-sonication waves. Combination with both of Bt-Sc-NPs and ginger showed a hepatoprotective role in ameliorating cisplatin‑induced hepatotoxicity due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

A physical and chemical double enhancement strategy for 3D printing of cellulose reinforced nanocomposite

AbstractNanocellulose as reinforcing filler added into resin matrix has been widely used in many studies, but it remains challenging when some rigorous applications are taken into consideration. In this study, a novel nanocomposite with high performance was successfully developed for stereolithography (SLA) through physical (cellulose nanocrystal [CNC] physical enhancement) and chemical (esterification reaction) double enhancement effects during post‐curing process. Compound additive (CA), composed of CNCs, butanetetracarboxylic acid, and sodium hypophosphite, were added into methacrylic acid resin to form a novel nanocomposite for SLA and post‐curing. Mechanical properties of samples added with CA were better than those added with CNC only. When the content of CNC in the CA was 0.5 wt%, the sample possessed optimal mechanical properties and improved thermal stability after post‐curing. Meanwhile, dynamic mechanical analysis showed that samples added with CA improved storage modulus and meaningfully increased toughness when used at near room temperature.

Optimized synthesis of CA/EDTA modified cotton fiber Fe complex as a sustainable hybrid photocatalyst for accelerating simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and azo dye

Tartaric acid (TA), citric acid (CA), or butanetetracarboxylic acid ((BTCA)) was mixed with Na2EDTA to modify cotton fiber. Fe3+ ions were then used to coordinate with the resulting modified cotton fiber to produce a novel hybrid photocatalyst for enhancing simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and azo dye from water. High concentration of TA or CA improved the activity of photocatalyst for Cr(VI) reduction and dye oxidation. CA/EDTA modified cotton Fe complex showed a better Cr removal efficiency than the other two complexes. Cr removal efficiency was further improved when the same molar ratio of CA and Na2EDTA was used. Increasing Fe content of the photocatalyst significantly improved its catalytic performance, especially at the acidic condition. The highest Cr removal efficiency was obtained at Fe content of 0.049 mmol g−1. Moreover, Cr species and dye molecules could almost entirely be removed using 50.0 g L−1 of CA/EDTA modified cotton Fe complex.

Elaborate design of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVAL) nanofiber-based chromatographic media for highly efficient adsorption and extraction of proteins

The development of chromatographic media with superb adsorption capacity and large processing throughput is of great importance for highly efficient protein adsorption and separation, yet still faces a huge challenge. Herein, a new kind of butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) functionalized ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVAL) nanofibrous membranes (BTCA@EVAL NFM)-based chromatographic media is fabricated, for the first time, by combining blend electrospinning technique with in-situ modification technology. The resulting BTCA@EVAL NFM possesses an enhanced equilibrium protein adsorption capability (716 mg g−1), a high saturated dynamic protein binding capacity (490 mg g−1), and a distinctive selectivity towards positively charged proteins, which are attributed to the synergistic effects of the hydrophilic EVAL nanofibrous matrix and the plentiful carboxyl groups introduced by BTCA. Besides, benefiting from its stable physical and chemical structures, the membrane also presents excellent acid and alkaline resistance as well as good reusability. Significantly, the BTCA@EVAL NFM can directly extract lysozyme from egg white with a relatively large capture capability of 353 mg g−1, highlighting its superb potential practicability. We sincerely hope that this new design concept and the highly effective nanofiber-based chromatographic media can provide some guidance for the further development of bio-separation and purification.

Application of Aloe vera microcapsules in cotton nonwovens to obtain biofunctional textiles

The microencapsulation of essential oils and its application in textile articles allows the aggregation of different functionalities to the substrates, imparting them antimicrobial properties, cosmetic effects, UV protection, application of drugs, among others. Therefore, the coacervation technique allows good results using starch to prepare the microcapsules. The objective of this work was the microencapsulation of Aloe Vera with cornstarch using the simple coacervation technique in cotton nonwoven fabric using butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as a binding agent. Optical and Scanning electron microscopy were performed to understand the morphology of the microcapsules obtained; thermogravimetry, to the comprehension of the thermal degradation of the microcapsules; mass gain percentage; FTIR was used to prove the interaction between nonwoven and microcapsule and finally, the CIE WI white index. The micrography allowed the observation of granular morphology, predominantly angular. The thermogravimetric curves have shown two significative thermal events: dehydration of the oil and degradation of the starch. The samples presented darker coloration; however, their quality was not compromised by the finishing. For this reason, the characterizations allowed to infer that the simple coacervation using this method is a simple process, with good results for the encapsulation of essential oils.