Business Contingency Research Articles

Projection transformation-based link prediction for possible collaboration connections in bimodal supply chain networks

Aiming at the problems of information disconnection and business interruption in supply chain networks caused by uncertainties such as trade wars and COVID-19, a projection-transformation-based model for predicting possible collaborative relationship links in bimodal supply chain networks is designed from the perspective of network science. The model first transforms the bimodal network structure of supply chain into a corresponding unimodal projection network by projection transformation; then screens the candidate collaborative links in the network; finally assigns weights to the similarity links according to different influencing factors, and calculates the possibility of potential collaborative links in the bimodal supply chain network by this. The experimental results show that the model can achieve higher quality prediction in real bimodal supply chain networks compared with other baseline link prediction models, which provides theoretical and methodological support for better formulation of business contingency plans and risk defense measures.

Exploring the enablers for building resilience in solar photovoltaic Energy supply chains

A solar photovoltaic energy supply chain (SPvESC) is a global network with several linkages, including mineral and metal mining, material processing, and module and panel manufacturing. Due to the wide range of uncertainties and the unfavorable environmental effects associated with current linear business models, this global network is vulnerable to disruptions. Strengthening the resilience of SPvESCs is crucial for addressing any disturbances. This requires identifying the key enablers of resilience in SPvESCs, an area that has been understudied in the existing literature. An enabler is an aspect that facilitates the achievement of a goal by another aspect. This research contributes to the existing literature by systematically investigating the enablers for SPvESCs to achieve resilience. Thus, the objective of this analysis is to identify enablers that have the potential to enhance the resilience of SPvESCs in Türkiye. This was done by applying the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) in conjunction with a review of the current literature. Neutrosophic (N)-DEMATEL was then utilized to determine the relationships between the identified enablers. Finally, the results were validated using N-DELPHI. The results revealed that sensing and seizing new business models, adaptability to changes in novel energy generation and information technologies, and business contingency plans for natural and man-made disasters were the most influential enablers. The findings provide implications for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers to help ensure improved resilience in SPvESCs.

Inter-firm relations and resource-based performance: a contingent relational view of small-scale farmers in Zambia

PurposeEffective and flexible organizational models have become an avenue for driving smallholder competitiveness in the agricultural sector. However, little is understood about the processes by which resource-constrained actors deploy their organizational networks to generate and retain value in rapidly changing agrifood environments. This study examines the moderating effects of business contingencies on the interplay between organizational relationships and the resource-based performance of small-scale farmers in a developing country.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose a novel conceptual framework grounded in the relational view, netchain and contingency theories. Cross-sectional data obtained from 330 maize farmers in rural Zambia were analyzed using variance-based structural equation modeling, which involves mediation-moderation analysis.FindingsThe results show that all relational networks – vertical, horizontal and lateral – positively mediate the effects farm resources and social capital have on farmers' performance. However, these effects change depending on the predominant agency situations. Specifically, asymmetric power from customers and reputable competitors weakens the positive effect of closer horizontal relationships on business performance, while the positive effect of tighter informal vertical relationships on farmers' performance weakens under conditions of high affective trust. Moreover, the gender-based multigroup analyses highlight variations in the contingent relational view of men- and women-headed households.Research limitations/implicationsThe study relies on cross-sectional data from one agribusiness sector in Zambia, thus generalizations should be cautious.Originality/valueThe uniqueness of this study lies in the proposed theoretical framework and new empirical insights, which extend the scope of the relational view to small-scale farming households in developing countries.

COVID-19 Pandemic and its Effect on the Business Development Center (BDC) UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta: An Islamic Management Strategy

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant effect on various business sectors, including the Business Development Center (BDC) at UIN Sunan Kalijaga, which serves as a business management institution at the university. This study aimed to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on UIN Sunan Kalijaga's revenue from business sectors managed by the BDC. Additionally, the study aimed to demonstrate how UIN Sunan Kalijaga employed crisis management to respond to the pandemic's effect through various efficiency efforts and optimization of alternative financial aspects. By implementing Business Continuity Management (BCM), Emergency Response Plan (ERP), and Business Contingency Plan (BCP), BDC UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta was able to maintain its existence in the first year of the pandemic by posting profits and continued with a positive trend in subsequent years. The findings of this study can be applied practically by providing a business model in times of crisis to ensure the company’s survival.

Evaluating the COVID-19 impacts on the construction and demolition waste management and resource recovery industry: experience from the Australian built environment sector

The COVID-19 crisis has brought unprecedented challenges to many sectors, including the built environment. The construction and demolition (C&D) waste management and recovery industry is an essential service provider to this sector. Like other industries, this industry has been affected by the pandemic in many ways. However, in Australia, this impact has not been thoroughly investigated. This study, therefore, explores COVID-19 impacts on the Australian C&D waste recovery and construction industry as the major waste consumer and generator. To achieve this aim, a literature review and a series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 participants representing five stakeholder groups (government, construction, waste recovery, material supplying and consultancy) across five Australian states. The research findings established that there is a critical need for leveraging digital technologies, developing business contingency plans, creating coalitions between government and industry, and diversifying supply chains to reduce supply chain risks. This study also uncovered a range of targeted responses and recommendations to manage pandemic-induced disruptions and improve the circular economy in the industry. Our findings can immediately assist industrial practitioners and government decision-makers in managing the impacts of COVID-19 on the waste recovery activities in C&D waste and other waste streams.Graphical abstract

Packaging Materials Dual-Sourcing as Business Contingency Plan to Mitigate Operational Production Disruption

PT XYZ is one of the leading fast-moving consumer goods companies producing packaged mineral water in Indonesia. Water is a daily necessity and one of life’s most basic needs. Therefore, providing healthy hydration through safe and ready-to-consume drinking water aligned with the company’s mission to deliver health through food to as many Indonesian consumers as possible through sustainable operational production. Operational production is one key enabler in delivering these objectives. Dual-sourcing of validated packaging materials could catalyse sustainable production operations through supply risk mitigation, whose root causes come from internal and external factors. This paper uses quantitative, PDCA, and decision tree methods to analyse the supply and demand of packaging materials in short to mid-length timeframes to ensure capacity availability and redundancy, trial, and validation processes. Prioritization through risk assessment of potential net sales loss and probability leads to several implementation phases, periodic monitoring to track initiatives and ensure they stay on course, the timely escalation of solutions, and visibility of acceptable calculated risk.

Packaging Materials Dual-Sourcing as Business Contingency Plan to Mitigate Operational Production Disruption

Packaging Materials Dual-Sourcing as Business Contingency Plan to Mitigate Operational Production Disruption

Quantifying supply chain disruption: a recovery time equivalent value at risk approach

ABSTRACT The global pandemic COVID-19 has disrupted supply chains in many industries all over the world. If not well contained and managed at an early stage, such unprecedented disruptions may lead to even more serious consequences in the era of supply chain reglobalization. The attendant challenge for research and practice is on how to readily measure and quantify the disruption risk. To address the plethora of concerns, this article presents a recovery time equivalent (RTE) disruption risk measurement model using Value at Risk (VaR). We consider a disruption recovery model comprising abrupt, normal, fast, and slow modes. To demonstrate the practical relevance of our study, we establish a case study with a multinational corporation from the IT sector. Decision makers and supply chain managers can use the model to conduct ‘what-if' analyses on their supply chain vulnerabilities and risks for a more proactive business continuity planning and contingency management.

Outsourcing services in a challenging time

The buy-side industry has for many years been looking into outsourcing operational processes to focus more on creating Alpha and value adding to the business. Regulatory requirements increased the aftermath of the financial crisis in 2008, where especially the introduction of Dodd-Frank in the United States and European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) in Europe has changed the role of the operations department. Reporting, monitoring, confirmations, reconciliation, digitalisation in the trading space and collateral management were all part of the new transparency and risk mitigating regime, putting pressure on all players in the financial industry, but the regulation has also catered for innovation, new market players and new services, and we have also seen a shift in the staffing in the back- and middle-office area. You need business analysts who knows more than just how to match a trade, execute payments and do classic reconciliation, and you need an outsourcing provider who is treating the relationship as a true partnership — and what has become even more obvious in 2020 is that you need to have a partner who knows how to (re-) act in a time of stressed market conditions and have prudent business contingency plan (BCP) in place.

A machine learning approach for predicting hidden links in supply chain with graph neural networks

ABSTRACT Supply chain business interruption has been identified as a key risk factor in recent years, with high-impact disruptions due to disease outbreaks, logistic issues such as the recent Suez Canal blockage showing examples of how disruptions could propagate across complex emergent networks. Researchers have highlighted the importance of gaining visibility into procurement interdependencies between suppliers to develop more informed business contingency plans. However, extant methods such as supplier surveys rely on the willingness or ability of suppliers to share data and are not easily verifiable. In this article, we pose the supply chain visibility problem as a link prediction problem from the field of Machine Learning (ML) and propose the use of an automated method to detect potential links that are unknown to the buyer with Graph Neural Networks (GNN). Using a real automotive network as a test case, we show that our method performs better than existing algorithms. Additionally, we use Integrated Gradient to improve the explainability of our approach by highlighting input features that influence GNN’s decisions. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of using GNN for link prediction, outlining future research directions.

AB0908-HPR SIGNED, SEALED, DELIVERED: PHARMACISTS ACHIEVING BETTER CARE CLOSER TO HOME IN RHEUMATOLOGY HIGH COST DRUG MANAGEMENT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Background:The Pharmacy High Cost Drug (HCD) and Homecare (HC) team, based at a large acute teaching hospital consists of a range of skilled pharmacists, technicians and administrative staff. The team act as a HCD liaison between the hospital and commissioners, working closely with an expanding variety of specialist clinical teams to manage prescription processing for the following patient groups; HC: 2238; Hospital FP10: 1060; Outsourced Subsidiary Pharmacy Model: 41. HCD management, particularly immunosuppressive biologic therapies for complex rheumatology conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, has been challenging during the Covid-19 pandemic. The inelasticity in demand for better care closer to home and a functional Integrated Care Records system has intensified, as many patients are now shielding/self-isolating at home.1 Frugal innovations have been key during this time – achieving value and simplicity in service re-design to deliver better patient care.Objectives:This review explores the support provided by the Pharmacy HCD and HC team to the rheumatology service since March 2020 to aid in service improvements during the pandemic.Methods:The Pharmacy HCD and HC team reviewed existing practice to better respond to the service changes required during the pandemic in regard to the following areas; identifying patients for Covid-19 shielding; responding to changes in HC service provision; communication with commissioners; remote staff working; reviewing HCD formulations and administration routes; changes in commissioning arrangements.Results:i) Rapid development of patient datasets following identification of 1,623 immunosuppressive drug entries in line with BSR Covid-19 guidance (first published in March 2020), thus enabling social distancing/shielding guidance to be issued to patients via letters/virtual platforms.2 ii) Swift re-routing of urgent new biologic HC registrants to a new hospital pharmacy home delivery provision when certain HC providers temporarily imposed restrictions on intake of new registrants. This hospital initiative was further enhanced to a hub and spoke model enabling patients to have easy access to their medications from their nominated local community pharmacy branch. iii) Providing assurance to commissioners that clinical follow up reviews could continue virtually, blood samples could be taken at an external hub and blueteq documentation would be completed covering NICE technology appraisal (TA) criteria. iv) A successful pilot utilising the lean PDSA (Plan, Do, Study, Act) quality improvement methodology, to enable remote working pharmacists and technicians to process HC prescriptions remotely in the absence of an electronic prescribing and medicines administration system. v) Reviewing potential plans to switch certain hospital day-case intravenous biosimilar infusions such as infliximab to subcutaneous administration via HC. vi) Business contingency development plans to protect fragile medication supply chains. vii) Clarifying implications for changes in contracting and payment arrangements announced by NHS England and NHS Improvement due to the pandemic.3Conclusion:In summary, the role of the HCD Pharmacists during the pandemic in supporting rheumatology patients and the multidisciplinary team has been fundamental; ensuring signed prescriptions are securely processed to safely deliver medication to those in need.

Changes and Organizational Development of PT Eiger in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Order to Retain 4,500 Employees without Anyone Having to Be Laid Off

Pandemic forces everyone activate survival mode. All lines are constantly trying to adapt to stay alive on times of crisis, including the fashion industry. Company leaders do three things, viz run remote working, manage employee productivity, and improve the ability of employees to use digital, that is what the leadership of PT Eigerindo MPI, which is a retail industry and distribution of lifestyle products such as Eiger, Bodypack, and Exsport. Currently, the company has 4,500 employees. Coupled with the various small industrial partners who take shelter in Eiger, the number reach 10,000 people. "Of that number, praise God, none were sent home. Me also pay suppliers always on time, "said Ronny. That, admitted Ronny, very not easy. He had to rack his brains to keep the company running and all the workers saved. The company's strategy to survive in the midst of a pandemic is to evaluate existing business models and business processes, and compile Business Contingency Plan to deal with business uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic. In carrying out all strategies, Eiger is also very concerned about fate employees during the COVID-19 pandemic by trying to maintain everything the employees are as many as 4,500 people and provide adequate health facilities.

The Defense Strategy of the Fashion Industry (Pt Eigerindo) in Pandemic Time

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various aspects of human life, including in the fashion sector. The negative impact of the pandemic disrupted the business operations of MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises), including exports that could not be carried out so that production did not run as it should. This greatly disturbed the sustainability of businesses, especially in the fashion industry.Even though fashion products are currently very developed and have many varieties and many people who love fashion. The products on the market are so varied following the ongoing trend. Not only women who love fashion, but not a few men who really pay attention to this. Especially nowadays there are many people who love fashion products more for adventures such as hiking, or traveling far. With such an opportunity, not a few fashion brands take advantage of it. PT. Eigerindo is one company that is consistent in terms of adventure fashion. Starting from the establishment of the company until now, PT. Eigerindo really knows what consumers really want and are looking for. The products it produces are very diverse, ranging from bags as an advantage both for adventure to briefcases available, but or all kinds of adventure accessories, as well as other adventure products. The purpose of this research is to know how the strategy carried out by PT. Eigerindo can survive during the current pandemic so that businesses that have been carried out for a long time do not experience developmental difficulties and losses but experience a long business continuity so that it is the background for consumers to choose products offered to consumers and consumers remain consistent and make Eiger products one of the most popular products. remains in demand by consumers. Currently the Eiger brand always provides products that attract consumers' attention, this is evidenced by products that always innovate so that they can meet consumer desires. The results of this study PT.Eigerindo implemented a strategy This is evidenced by products that are always innovating so that they can meet consumer desires. The results of this study PT.Eigerindo implemented a strategy This is evidenced by products that are always innovating so that they can meet consumer desires. The results of this study PT.Eigerindo implemented a strategyby evaluating existing business models and business processes, and compiling a Business Contingency Plan to deal with business uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Mitigate risks in perishable food supply chains: Learning from COVID-19

Food Supply Chains (FSCs) are among the essential services in a pandemic. Perishable food supply chains (PFSC) perform under higher risks as they struggle against greater wastage and product life cycle issues along with the logistics, operational, financial, and health risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. While facing these contingencies, it is essential to formulate strategies in real-time. In this paper, we identify and analyze risk mitigation strategies for PFSC during the current pandemic. We have initially discussed the uncertainties and risks related to pandemic situations and subsequently identified risk mitigation strategies to manage PFSC in such situations. We prioritized the identified strategies using the fuzzy-best worst methodology (F-BWM). The BWM is a highly effective decision-making method with higher consistency. The fuzzy extension to the best worst method (BWM) helps in incorporating vagueness and fuzziness in the decision. As a result, F-BWM is an excellent approach to analyze risk mitigation strategies as the business contingencies in PFSC during this pandemic are unique, with the industry having only a few clear ideas about how best to mitigate them. Among the risk mitigation strategies, “collaborative management,” “proactive business continuity planning,” and “financial sustainability” are the top risk mitigating strategies. Other identified strategies are also extremely useful for varied environmental contingencies. Thus, this research has been underpinned by the contingency theory and discusses all mitigation strategies concerning the socioeconomic contingencies originating from COVID-19. This research is a novel effort in identifying and analyzing the risk mitigation strategies for enhancing the socioeconomic-ecological performance of PFSCs in meeting the sustainable development goal of healthy and safe food for everyone.

SOURCING STRATEGY ACROSS PRODUCT LIFE CYCLESTAGES: RELEVANCE OF MULTIPLE-MODE GOVERNANCE

Although researchers have used multiple organisation theories such as transaction cost theory (TCT), resource-based view (RBV), social exchange theory (SET) and resource dependence theory (RDT) to understand governance mechanisms used in sourcing, our understanding of the effectiveness of various sourcing governance mechanisms in a dynamic business context have been inadequate. This is partly because the 'contextual dynamics' has not been kept in perspective while utilising different theories in studies concerning various governance mechanisms. Inadequate consideration of the contextual dynamics has affected the ability to decide the right governance mechanisms over time. As a remedy, we delineate a conceptual framework that considers simultaneous use of multiple modes of governance and their adjustment over time to match the dynamic business contingencies. We incorporate the product life cycle (PLC) framework in characterising the 'contextual dynamics' of sourcing and use of TCT, RBV, SET and RDT tenets to argue that use of 'multiple-modes' of governance can be effective in addressing evolving sourcing needs over time. Our study contributes to theory development by explaining the whys, how and when of 'multiple-modes' governance over time. Managerial implications, limitations and future research opportunities are also discussed.

Halal procurement strategy in the food industry: a focus group discussion

A focus group discussion on halal procurement strategy was conducted with food multinationals. The focus group discussion illustrated that leading halal procurement strategies are founded on solid halal risk and reputation management; harmonise, standardise and simplify halal; backup plans for halal critical items purchasing; local suppliers of halal critical items; all suppliers of halal critical items need to be halal certified; business contingency plans by suppliers; and leveraging synergy advantages. There is a preference for local or regional sourcing instead of global sourcing, and a preference for multiple sourcing, instead of single sourcing. The substance of relationship between buyer and supplier evolves based on the maturity of a supplier relationship. Monitoring and evaluation of halal critical suppliers require a combination of vendor rating, benchmarking, and physical audits. There is potential for collaborative purchasing with purchasing organisations both within and outside their own group of companies. As halal procurement is a new field of research, further qualitative research has been recommended.

A contingent assessment of the structural and governance characteristics of interconnected dyads in multitier supply chains

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the buyer–supplier exchange dynamic in terms of the influence of product and market contingencies on the interfirm connectivity, governance and exchange performance of interconnected dyads in multitier supply chains (MSCs). Design/methodology/approach Using an inductive approach, the authors analyzed the supply network of a high-end motorcycle manufacturer (OEM). Four sets of “interconnected dyads” constituting four embedded units of analysis were considered, each involving the OEM, its tier 1 and corresponding tier 2 suppliers. These interconnected dyads representing four strategic components and their sub-components offer contrasts in terms of product and market contingencies. Findings This analysis reveals that product and market contingencies influence patterns of dependence among firms. These in turn impact interfirm connectivity (i.e. structural characteristic), and the degree of contract formalization, collaboration and concentration of decision-making power (i.e. governance characteristics) in the interconnected dyads. The authors also found that structural and governance aspects can have mutual influence, leading to satisfactory or unsatisfactory outcomes. Propositions synthesizing the relationships among the constructs are developed. Research limitations/implications The constructs and their underlying relationships need to be further refined if we are to devise hypotheses and validate them at a large-scale empirical level. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to explore the influence of business contingencies on the complex buyer–supplier exchange dynamic in MSCs having a “beyond the dyad” perspective. The authors address why and how various types of interconnectivity are developed, and how the interplay among interfirm dependence, connectivity and governance influences the suppliers’ performance in the MSCs.

特別養護老人ホームにおける事業継続計画(BCP)のガイドライン作成に関する基礎的研究

特別養護老人ホームにおける事業継続計画(BCP)のガイドライン作成に関する基礎的研究

The ‘First Wave’: Earliest Intervention in Peritraumatic Processes among Survivors of Catastrophic Events

A longitudinal perspective on findings of earliest reactions to catastrophic events and psychoanalytic and neurobiological approaches to treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Syndromes from a developmental framework is utilized to create consultation products for business contingency planning. Immediate intervention in peritraumatic processes protects the functionality of individuals and work groups charged with emergency response and recovery, and mitigates the cumulative impact of trauma upon the organizational system.

업무연속성 계획 수립을 위한 정보시스템 평가 연구

업무연속성 계획 수립을 위한 정보시스템 평가 연구