Busan North Port Research Articles

Characteristics of Individual Particles for PM<sub>2.5</sub> Collected around Busan North Port

Characteristics of Individual Particles for PM<sub>2.5</sub> Collected around Busan North Port

Incorporation of Shipping Activity Data in Recurrent Neural Networks and Long Short-Term Memory Models to Improve Air Quality Predictions around Busan Port

Air pollution sources and the hazards of high particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentrations among air pollutants have been well documented. Shipping emissions have been identified as a source of air pollution; therefore, it is necessary to predict air pollutant concentrations to manage seaport air quality. However, air pollution prediction models rarely consider shipping emissions. Here, the PM2.5 concentrations of the Busan North and Busan New Ports were predicted using a recurrent neural network and long short-term memory model by employing the shipping activity data of Busan Port. In contrast to previous studies that employed only air quality and meteorological data as input data, our model considered shipping activity data as an emission source. The model was trained from 1 January 2019 to 31 January 2020 and predictions and verifications were performed from 1–28 February 2020. Verifications revealed an index of agreements (IOA) of 0.975 and 0.970 and root mean square errors of 4.88 and 5.87 µg/m3 for Busan North Port and Busan New Port, respectively. Regarding the results based on the activity data, a previous study reported an IOA of 0.62–0.84, with a higher predictive power of 0.970–0.975. Thus, the extended approach offers a useful strategy to prevent PM2.5 air pollutant-induced damage in seaports.

A Study on Effects The Employee’s Perception of Employment Insecurity for Port Environmental Change of Busan North Port on Dual Commitment

항만은 경제적 이익을 중심으로 한 집단화와 하역기술의 변화로 인해 제2의 항만노동변화가 예상된다. 본 연구는 항만환경의 고용불안정에 노출되어 있는 부산 허치슨부두와 신선대부두에 소속된 항만근로자들을 중심으로 고용불안 지각이 이중몰입에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 있는지를 실증 연구하였다. 선행연구를 바탕으로 연구모형과 가설을 설정하였고, 부산 허치슨부두와 신선대 부두 소속 노동조합 정규조합원 500명을 대상으로 설문을 통한 실증분석을 실시하였다. 연구가설을 분석하기 위해 SPSS 12.0, AMOS 18.0을 사용하여 기술통계 분석, 신뢰성 및 타당성 분석, 구조모형 분석을 실시하였다. 주요 결과는 신선대부두 항만근로자들은 고용불안 지각과 노조몰입의 경로에서 수단적 몰입의 기각을 제외한 나머지 전 부문에서는 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 허치슨부두 항만근로자들은 고용불안 지각과 조직몰입의 경로에서 계속적 몰입의 기각을 제외한 나머지 전 부문에서 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 허치슨부두의 가설검증 결과 조직, 노조 및 일의 몰입 방향을 보면 회사 ⟶ 노조 ⟶ 일 혹은 노조 ⟶ 회사 ⟶ 일 모델 중에서 어느 것에도 해당되지 않는 불안한 형태를 보였다. 항만의 고용 불안정한 요인들이 조직구성원들에게 그대로 전달되어 심각한 고용불안을 지각하고 있음을 증명한다. 이런 결과를 토대로 향후 실제 항만의 현장에서 조직의 효율성 향상을 위해 조직구성원들의 적극적이고 긍정적인 태도와 자세를 형성하고 건전한 노사관계를 만들어 나가야 할 것으로 분석되었다.

Semi-Continuous Spatial Statistical Analysis Using AIS Data for Vessel Traffic Flow Characteristics in Fairway

As high vessel traffic in fairways is likely to cause frequent marine accidents, understanding vessel traffic flow characteristics is necessary to prevent marine accidents in fairways. Therefore, this study conducted semi-continuous spatial statistical analysis tests (the normal distribution test, kurtosis test and skewness test) to understand vessel traffic flow characteristics. First, a vessel traffic survey was conducted in a designated area (Busan North Port) for seven days. The data were collected using an automatic identification system and subsequently converted using semi-continuous processing methods. Thereafter, the converted data were used to conduct three methods of spatial statistical analysis. The analysis results revealed the vessel traffic distribution and its characteristics, such as the degree of use and lateral positioning on the fairway based on the size of the vessel. In addition, the generalization of the results of this study along with that of further studies will aid in deriving the traffic characteristics of vessels on the fairway. Moreover, these characteristics will reduce maritime accidents on the fairway, in addition to establishing the foundation for research on autonomous ships.

Analysis and Improvement of Communications in Port Areas Using the Queuing Theory

This work quantitatively analyses vessel traffic service (VTS) communications in ports and suggests improvements for more efficient control of the service. For this purpose, analysis of VTS communications was performed on VHF channel 12 in Busan North Port, South Korea. This communications service follows the queue of M/G/1 (the arrivals have a Poisson distribution, the service time is characterized by a general distribution, and with a single server). The degree of congestion of the communication channel was shown as the utilisation rate of the queue, which was 67·7% at peak times and 29·6% at non-peak times. To reduce congestion in the communication channel, we propose to separate the peak time control channel, exclude passing reporting, and decrease the reporting time. With separation of the peak time control channel, the utilisation rate decreased by 41·1%. The utilisation rate decreased by 5·7% when passing reporting was omitted, and by 8·3% when reporting time was reduced by 60%. The results of this study can be used as basic policy data to improve VTS, including reinforcement of the VTS officer's role and adjustment of the control report contents.

Current Status of Ship Emissions and Reduction of Emissions According to RSZ in the Busan North Port

Current Status of Ship Emissions and Reduction of Emissions According to RSZ in the Busan North Port

Coastal Ecosystem Health Assessment in Korea: Busan Case Study

As a pioneering effort to assess the health of marine ecosystems in Korea, coastal ecosystem components were monitored in the Busan coastal area from 2013 to 2015. Pelagic ecosystem assessment focused on eutrophication and plankton communities in surface waters. For benthic ecosystem assessment, sediment environments with regard to toxic organic compounds and heavy metals as well as benthos communities were investigated. Preestablished indicators and criteria based on the relationships between chemical pressures and biological responses were applied to the assessment. Water and sediment qualities and community health of plankton and benthos were expressed in their respective individual indices and finally integrated into a holistic health index or score. From observation across the three-year study period in the Busan coastal waters, water quality index and plankton health index were assessed as “Fair” or “Good”. Sediment quality index was “Very poor” or “Poor” inside harbor areas such as Busan North Port, Busan South Port, Gamchun Port, and Dadaepo Port. Benthic pollution index evaluating the health status of macrobenthic communities also exhibited an unhealthy condition in the harbor areas. The annual health map of the Busan coastal ecosystem was consecutively updated from 2013 to 2015 to provide scientific information on unhealthy spaces and indicators in the Busan coastal area. The annual health maps displayed a hot spot of ‘Poor’ grade in the Busan South Port. Therefore, it is suggested that the top priority for the Busan coastal ecosystem management should be paid to the hot spot to restore the ecosystem health of the Busan coastal waters by especially focusing on the benthic ecosystem. Future coastal management should focus on the mitigation of problematic factors and should be connected to and provide feedback to the health assessment results of the Busan coastal area.

Consideration of the Possibility of Excursion Ship Passage in Busan North Port using Marine Traffic Assessment Index

Consideration of the Possibility of Excursion Ship Passage in Busan North Port using Marine Traffic Assessment Index

부산 북항 유선 관광활성화를 위한 부산항 항법 등에 관한 규칙 개정에 대한 연구

부산 북항 유선 관광활성화를 위한 부산항 항법 등에 관한 규칙 개정에 대한 연구

부산 북항 재개발 지역의 랜드마크 개발에 관한 연구 : 친수공간 대관람차 도입 성공사례를 중심으로

부산 북항 재개발 지역의 랜드마크 개발에 관한 연구 : 친수공간 대관람차 도입 성공사례를 중심으로

A New Hybrid Decision Making Framework for Prioritising Port Performance Improvement Strategies

ABSTRACT This study aims to propose a conceptual decision making framework for prioritising port performance improvement strategies. It can be achieved by the concepts of benchmarking-best practices using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) incorporating a fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (FTOPSIS) method. The leading performer (i.e. Busan New Port) and the poor performer (i.e. Busan North Port) are analysed as real cases to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methodology. The findings from the case study reveal that the terminal operating company (TOC) 2 represents a strong desire to choose the given strategies to improve its performance, followed by TOC3, while TOC1 has the least intention to adopt the given strategies. Amongst the 30 strategies of a benefit feature, optimisation of yard stacking planning (S4) is ascertained as the most crucial one to be implemented, followed by optimisation of berth to yard operations (S27) and optimising crane availability (S2). On the other hand, the formal training/education programmes from external professionals (S7) is identified as the most useful strategy among the 8 cost items. The results yielded by the framework present the ranking of strategy options in terms of their preference to different TOCs, which enables decision makers to find optimal solutions to improve performance under their own dynamic business environments.

A Study on the Traffic Patterns of Dangerous Goods Carriers in Busan North and Gamcheon Port

A Study on the Traffic Patterns of Dangerous Goods Carriers in Busan North and Gamcheon Port

Collision Risk Analysis in Busan Harbour

This thesis, concentrates on marine collision risks of the area divided by cells. Using a gas molecular collision calculation model, a collision risk model is proposed. Collision risk is estimated by relative angle, relative speed, and ship's density in the cell. For one week, Automatic Identification System (AIS) data was collected and analyzed on the Busan North Port area. The results indicate a high-risk area at the sea route connection point in Busan North Port. It also shows that twilight is the time of day when most collisions occur. This means that the area is high risk due to the number of collisions and other dangerous factors related to twilight. Although there is still need to consider other risks such as grounding risks, the results of this study are useful to for plotting a risk map for the port.

부산항 항만하역시장 안정화 방안에 관한 연구

항만간 허브항 경쟁이 극심해 지고 있는 오늘날, 컨테이너 선사는 M&A 및 전략적 제휴로 컨테이너터미널 운영사와의 가격 협상력의 우월적 지위를 갖게 되어 컨테이너터미널 운영사간에 선사 및 화물유치를 위한 경쟁을 더욱 부추기고 있다. 그러나 수요측면에서 컨테이너물동량 증가율 둔화로 컨테이너터미널에서 처리해야 할 물동량은 한정되어 있는 반면, 공급 측면에서 항만터미널의 지속적인 건설은 항만간 또는 터미널간 물량 유치경쟁을 과열시키고 있다. 특히 부산항은 신항 개장이후 북항과 신항간 물동량 유치경쟁으로 인하여 항만하역시장의 교란을 가져오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 부산항 컨테이너 항만하역시장의 구조적 특성분석과 설문조사 방법론을 통하여 향후 부산항 항만 하역시장의 안정화 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 하역시장 안정화 방안으로 항만하역 요율결정체계 개선, 요금신고제도의 개선 및 공정경쟁규약의 제정 등과 같은 법 제도적 개선방안과 컨테이너터미널 운영사별 처리물량 상한제를 도입을 전제로한 항만풀링제도 및 물량연동 임대료제도의 도입방안을 제안한다. Today, the competition for hub-port is getting fierce and the shipping liners have enjoyed the increased bargaining power over the terminal operators through the mergers & acquisitions (M&A) and strategic alliances. This result leads the competition among terminal operators to attract liner companies and cargoes in their terminals. In demand side, however, there is a limited container cargo volume to handle because of a steady growth of cargo traffic. While, in supply side, continuous development of port terminals increased more competition among ports or terminals for cargoes. In particular the terminal operating market of Busan port is distorted because of the cargo competition between Busan North-port and Newport. The main purpose of this study is to suggest the stabilization measures of container terminal operating market in Busan port through analysis of the terminal operation market structures and market survey analysis method. For stabilizing the container terminal market, this study suggests the improvement of the legal and institutional system such as improvement in determining and reporting system of stevedoring tariff, establishment of fair competition rules etc., the introduction of port pooling system and adoption of volume-linked terminal lease system with cargo volume ceiling system for each terminal operator.

부산북항재개발사업에서 색채계획을 통한 경관조성방안

In the Busan North port redevelopment project, which is the first large scale port redevelopment project in this country, it adopted the national landscape plan for competitiveness of port city. Furthermore, it includes many efforts on landscape formation in the process of improvement of ocean city image and enhancement of its value, which fits for the situation and characteristics of the original nature, history, and culture resources, together with all facilities, structures, symbols, and eco green belt. Firstly this study attempted to analyze the characteristics of Busan landscape, Busan city design plan(2010), especially coloring plan, together with the case study of landscape color plan for foreign countries. From the basis of this analysis, it was proposed a landscape enhancement strategy in the Busan North port redevelopment project through the coloring plan and it is expected that the result would be used for the basic data for other redevelopment project.

High Benthic Foraminiferal Diversity in Polluted Busan North Port (Korea)

Surface sediments were collected from Busan North Port (southern coast of Korea) and the outer port area (OPA) in February and August 2009 to ascertain the distribution of benthic foraminifera and assess controlling environmental factors. Ninety-eight species (81 calcareous and 17 agglutinated), 40 of which had live representatives, were identified. Busan North Port can be divided into distinctive regions according to different depositional environments and to the degree of influence from pollution sources, such as nearby streams and industrial facilities around the inside north port (INP) and outside north port (ONP). The OPA is characterized by inner continental-shelf environments. These areal distinctions corresponded well to cluster- and principal component-analysis results based on foraminiferal-assemblage and heavy-metal data. The degree of organic enrichment and heavy-metal concentration in the sediments were major factors explaining the distributions of the foraminiferal assemblage. The low abundance of benthic foraminifera in the INP compared to the OPA seems to be directly related to heavymetal toxicity caused by high Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations. The dominant occurrence of pioneer species Cribroelphidium excavatum and Trochammina hadai appears to indicate the adverse effects of heavy metals and high levels of organic matter on benthic foraminiferal distribution in the INP. Species diversity, however, was unusually high in Busan North Port across all pollution levels, and can possibly be explained in two ways. Short water-residence time in the inner port and maintenance of high salinity through active seawater exchange may reduce the effects of heavy metals and possibly make the area hospitable to a variety of species. High diversity may also be attributed to “rare short-lived” species that favor unstable conditions. The response of the benthic foraminiferal community to the unstable environment seems to be a succession of these “rare short-lived” species rather than a predominance of a few opportunistic ones. The uncoupling of species diversity and pollution level observed in Busan North Port might not be uncommon, and caution should be exercised when benthic foraminiferal diversity is used as an index of relative environmental health. Presence of indicator species and/or size distribution in the foraminiferal assemblage should be considered as well as species diversity to correlate the community structure with environmental change and pollution level.

부산국제금융센터 해양특성화 개발방안 연구

정부의 금융중심지 조성과 발전에 관한 법률에 따라 부산문현혁신지구에 새롭게 조성될 금융중심지는 기존 금융중심지와 차별화되어 해양특성을 반영한 금융집적지로서 비즈니스 중심지와 연계될 때 국제적 경쟁력을 확보할 수 있다. 본 연구는 금융중심지 개념, 유형 성립여건, 경쟁력 및 해외 사례고찰의 시사점을 통해 개발여건과 관련계획을 분석하여 부산국제금융센터의 국제적 경쟁력은 시민공원 및 북항재개발지구가 연계된 해양특성화에 있음을 제시하고, 관련된 육성 프로그램의 보완방향, 물리적 개발방향, 전략 및 지침을 포함한 개발방안을 제시한다. According to financial hub related law of government, new financial hub in Busan will be differentiated from existing other financial hubs by reflecting regional characteristics as financial cluster and by connecting with business hub. Based on an ongoing busan international finance center in Munhyun innovation city. this study is focused on suggesting development methodes for international competitiveness of Busan international finance center considering of maritime-specialization connecting with citizen park and busan north port renewal districts. through the financial hub concept, types, be valid conditons, competitiveness and international case studies over the analysis of development conditions and a development plans for developing fosterage-programs suppementary and strategy, guidelines of physical developmentde direction.

A Study on Inducing Some Strategic Ideas for the Re-invigoration of Busan North Port

A Study on Inducing Some Strategic Ideas for the Re-invigoration of Busan North Port

Co-opetition Strategy for the Balanced Development of Busan Port

Busan North port is facing crisis due to the opening of the New port. The North Port and NewPort are competing for a limited volume of cargoes and this competition is leading after all to price competition, lowering cargo work fee that may result in the failure of both This paper proposed the balanced development plans, which are the strategies of business tie-up and activation between the North Port and NewPort by introducing the strategy of and the analysis for the success factor of co-opetition: to solve this operational problems on Busan port. It is found out that activation strategy is more successful co-opetition strategy than business tie-up strategy. The execution for the two co-opetition strategies will lead Busan Port to the balanced development as well as the enhanced competitiveness and will leap Busan port into global hub port as well.

부산북항 재개발에 따른 유동장 및 해수교환 변화 모의

부산항(북항) 재개발사업은 노후화된 북항 일반부두를 해양관광의 중심지역 그리고 부산시민을 위한 친수공간으로 개발하기 위해 그동안 많은 연구와 노력이 진행되어 왔으며, 현재 구체적인 방안이 모색되는 실행단계로 진입하였다. 한편, 재개발로 인한 유동장 및 해수교환의 변화는 환경적인 측면에서 중요한 검토사항 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 북항 재개발에 따른 일반적인 자료를 수집 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 하여 재개발에 따른 유동장의 변화와 만 내 해수교환을 수치실험으로 검토하였다. 실험결과, 조류속 변화는 북항 및 내항에서 감소가 나타나고 주수로상에서 증가가 나타나고 있다. 해수교환 변화는 15일이 지난 준 정상상태에서 재개발 전후 공히 약 77% 내외에 달하는 것으로 나타났다. In connection with redevelopment of Busan North Port, there has been lots of studies and efforts for the development of superannuated North general piers into a center of marine tourism and waterfront for the citizens of Busan. Recently it has moved to the stage of execution, after several trials to find concrete solutions. On the other hand, the change of flow field and tidal exchange cuased by redevelopment is one of the important investigation subjects. This study deals with the change of flow field and water exchange after redevelopment using numerical simulation technique, based on the general data which were collected and analyzed. As a result of simulation, the speed of tidal currents are tended to decrease near the North and inner-port and increase at the main waterway. Furthermore, the tidal exchange had a tendency to be small both before and after redevelopment by about 77% in a quasi steady state, which is about 15 days after.