Burnout Scale Research Articles

상담자 전문직 정체성, 자기효능감, 상담자 발달 수준, 소진의 구조적 관계

The purpose of this study is to examine the structural relationship between the counselor's professional identity, self-efficacy, the counselor's level of development, and burnout. To this end, a questionnaire consisting of the counselor's professional identity scale, self-efficacy scale, counselor development level scale, and burnout scale was conducted for 356 counselors working as counselors across the country. 356 responses were used for analysis. In order to confirm the structural relationship of the variables, a research model and a comparative model were established, and the final model was selected through the verification of the fit of the model. As a result of the study, first, there was a positive correlation between professional identity, self-efficacy, and the level of the counselor's development, and a negative correlation with burnout. Second, professional identity had a direct impact on self-efficacy, and had a direct/indirect effect on the level of development and burnout of counselors. Third, self-efficacy had a direct effect on the level of development of the counselor, and had a direct and indirect effect on burnout. Fourth, in the relationship between professional identity and burnout, it was confirmed that self-efficacy and the level of the counselor's development had a sequential partial mediating effect. Based on these results, the significance of this study and suggestions for follow-up studies were discussed.

LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF THE MENTAL HEALTH OF THOSE EMPLOYED AS TEACHERS IN A HUNGARIAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN THE LIGHT OF THE SITUATION CAUSED BY THE SARS-COV-2 PANDEMIC, WITH A 5-ITEM WHO WELL-BEING QUESTIONNAIRE (WBI-5)

Numerous studies have examined the effects of the rapidly globalized SARS-COVID virus. The Hungarian government's response to the pandemic required structural changes in education alongside changes in educational methodology. Moving away from traditional practices, educational processes have been placed in digital space - changing the practice of more than 100 years. Regarding the transformation, not only did its speed cause difficulties, but also the necessary systems and digital competences were lacking in many cases; most educators did not have the necessary ICT tools to perform everyday tasks. We used an inductive, empirical research strategy in our research. The aim was to conduct a longitudinal mixed-methods study of school teachers (2779 item were obtained) to evaluate 3 data sets and supplementary interviews for correlations between mental health indicators, burnout scale correlations, self-efficacy, and the use of online platforms. We gathered data from Hungarian teachers by using an online version of the 5 item World Health Organisation (WHO) welfare questionnaire (WBI-5) and analyzed it with SPSS 25.0 statistical software. The results confirmed our assumptions, as the average values of the subjective well-being of the teachers participating in the research were the highest at the time of the first data collection. Values for each subsequent survey show a lower value than the first and a larger standard deviation. Based on the results obtained, a decrease in the subjective well-being of educators completing questionnaires during the SARS-COV-2 virus can be reported. The sum of the average scores obtained during the completion of the WBI-5 questionnaire also confirms this trend. The peculiarity of the data collection is that the values obtained were the lowest during the second survey (when the participants were already past a wave of illness and the news reported new ones). Although the values of data set 3 are lower than the first time, they are better than the values of data set 2, which may be triggered by the appearance of vaccinations. Further data analysis is needed to establish this.

Validation of the academic burnout scale with the Rasch model

Academic burnout can cause exhaustion, frustration, lack of motivation and reduced academic ability in school. This research aims to develop an academic burnout scale with the Rasch model approach. The convenience sampling method was applied in taking samples, which involved 576 high school students. The research instrument used was the academic burnout scale. The analysis technique applied the Rasch model with the Winstep programme. The results of this research show that the developed academic burnout scale indicates better validity and reliability, and so it complies with the psychometric principles of psychology assessment instrument development. The research findings can be utilised as the instruments for student academic burnout assessment. Further experiments involving diverse subjects are necessary to improve the quality of the academic burnout scale’s items. 
 Keywords: Validation, scale, academic burnout, psychology assessment, Rasch model.

An Investigation of Readiness and Burnout of Faculty Members of School of Medicine During Distance Education

COVID-19 pandemisi şüphesiz tıp eğitiminin köklü ve geleneksel yapısını bozarak hem asenkron hem senkronize uzaktan eğitimden oluşan çevrimiçi bir öğrenme ortamı hazırlamış ve öğrenci ve eğitimcilere yönelik yeni eğitim yöntemlerinin ortaya çıkmasını hızlandırmıştır. Bu konuda öğrenciler ile ilgili çok sayıda çalışma yapılmış iken eğitimci tarafının kısmen eksik kaldığı izlenmektedir Ayrıca tıp eğitiminin özgün doğası gereği tıp fakültesi öğretim üyeleri bu süreçten en fazla etkilenen eğitimci grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, pandemi dönemine dek eğitimin büyük çoğunluğunu laboratuvar ve hastane ortamlarında aktif bir şekilde sürdüren öğretim elemanlarının yaşadıkları tükenmişlik ve çevrimiçi eğitime olan hazır bulunuşluklarını değerlendirmek amacı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma tıp fakültesinde öğretim üyesi olan ve aktif bir şekilde ders veren 60 akademisyen ile yapılandırılmıştır. Çalışmada “Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği” ile “Çevrimiçi Öğrenme için Hazır Bulunuşluk Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Veriler “SPSS 20.00 for Windows” ile analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcıların tükenmişlik toplam puanlarının 63,35±11,17 olduğu, çevrimiçi öğrenme hazırbulunuşluk toplam puanının ise 2,97±1,18 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların internet kullanma ve erişimleri ve demografik faktörler ile hazır bulunuşlukları arasında istatistiksel fark bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Tükenmişlik değerlendirilmesinde ise cinsiyet, mesleki deneyim, yaş ve internete erişilen yer konularında istatistiksel anlamlılık tespit edilmiştir (p

HUBUNGAN ANTARA HARDINESS DENGAN BURNOUT PADA SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN PERSATUAN ISLAM PUTRA BANGIL

Density of boarding activities demanding students to do more intense routines. These routines can be a pressure for students that experienced mental fatigue of Burnout. Burnout can be affected by external factors or internals. Internals factors become very important because individual assessnebt against external factors depend on its internal factors. The method of this research is quantitative correlational by using the boarding school’s students as subjects. Determination of the subject use proporsionate stratified random sampling. The method of data collection is spread the questioner wich contain Hardiness and Burnout scale based on aspects of each variables. This research analyze the relationship of Hardiness as internal factor with Burnout on boarding school’s students. This research use quantitative correlational method with a scale of Hardiness and Burnout that distribute on 97 boarding school’s students. The result of this research are calculated using the correlational product moment, then obtained a very significant result with a value of correlational is – 0,714. Based on the result , the correlation between Hardiness and Bunrout has proven with a negative direction of hypothesis. Based on simple regression analysis on the results, obtained F of 92,664 with sig = 0.000 which sig <0.05. The effective contribution of Hardiness against Burnout is 50.5%, the meaning there is still a 49.5% chance of Burnout is affected by other variables.

성인발달장애인 부모의 부모소진 척도 개발 및 타당화

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a parental burnout scale for parents of adults with developmental disabilities. This study selected the psychometric properties and preliminary questions of the parental burnout based on the analysis of interview data from parents of adults with developmental disabilities and reviewing of existing literature. Then, preliminary scale was developed after expert’s evaluation of the contents validity and conducted an exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. As a result of the analysis, 20 items consisting of five sub-factors were confirmed as the final question. To secure validity of the developed scale, the convergent and discriminant validity and the reference validity of the scale was examined and confirmed the adequacy of the scale to measure parental burnout of parents of adults with developmental disabilities. Finally, the limitations of the study and suggestions for follow-up studies were discussed.

Accounting for Iranian EFL Teachers' Burnout: Educational Beliefs and Teacher Self-Disclosure in Focus

Teaching is considered a high-risk profession for suffering from burnout syndrome. Burnout syndrome not only affects the person who suffers from it, but also everyone around them, e.g., family, friends, co-workers, students and parents. The main purpose of this study was to find the correlates of burnout in EFL teachers. Thus, it was conducted to investigate any probable relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ educational belief and their tendency to self-disclose with their likelihood of suffering from burnout. The research instruments were The Teacher Self-Disclosure Scale (Cayanus and Martin, 2008), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-ES) (Maslach and Jackson, 1981), and Teachers' Educational Belief Questionnaire (Chan Elliot, 2004). The participants were 98 EFL teachers selected from 25 private language schools in Shiraz, Iran. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach Alpha coefficients, and Person Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient were used to answer this research questions. Analyzing the data collected through the questionnaires indicated that there was a positive correlation between some dimensions of teacher burnout and those of teachers’ constructive or traditional beliefs. Thus, ‘lack of personal achievement’ and ‘constructive beliefs’, ‘emotional exhaustion’ and ‘depersonalization’ and teachers’ traditional beliefs were positively correlated. Conversely, a negative correlation was identified between ‘lack of personal achievement’ and teachers’ traditional beliefs. Likewise, ‘emotional exhaustion’ and ‘depersonalization’ on the burnout scale were correlated with teachers’ constructive beliefs. However, no significant correlation was observed between teachers’ neutral beliefs and any dimensions of the burnout scale. Moreover, teacher self-disclosure quantity and negativity were found to be corelated with ‘emotional exhaustion’ and ‘depersonalization’ on the burnout scale.

Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Okul Tükenmişlik Düzeyi ile Anne-Baba Tutumu Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışma, ortaokul öğrencilerinin okul tükenmişlik düzeyi ile anne baba tutumu arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla planlanan metadolojik bir çalışmadır.
 Yöntem: Araştırma; İstanbul İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü bünyesinde yer alan Sultangazi İlçesi’nde bulunan 21 temel eğitim kurumunda gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmanın evrenini; Sultangazi İlçe Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı 21 Resmi Okulda okuyan 26.849 ortaokul öğrencisi, örneklemini ise araştırmaya katılmaya
 gönüllü 1047 ortaokul öğrencisi oluşturdu. Araştırmanın verileri “Tanıtıcı Bilgiler Formu”, ‘’İlköğretim II. Kademe Öğrencileri İçin Okul Tükenmişliği Ölçeği” ve “Anne-Baba Tutumu Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplandı.
 Bulgular: Bu araştırmada okul tükenmişliği ölçeğinin güvenirliği Cronbach’s Alpha= 0,912 olarak, anne baba tutumu ölçeğinin güvenirliği Cronbach’s Alpha= 0,844 bulundu. Örneklem grubundaki öğrencilerin “okul tükenmişliği toplam” puan ortalaması 56,318±15,201 bulundu. Öğrencilerin Anne Baba Tutumu Ölçeği “Kabul İlgi” Alt Boyut puan ortalaması 28,189±4,940, “Özerklik” alt boyut puan ortalamasının 22,543±5,181, “Denetleme” alt boyut puan ortalaması 22,331±4,386 saptandı.
 Sonuçlar ve Öneriler: Anne ve babaların çocuklarına yönelik kabul-ilgi ve özerklik gibi demokratik tutumlar sergilemelerinin okul tükenmişliğini azaltmada büyük role sahip olduğu belirlendi. Bu sonuçlar ışığında; Anne ve babaların denetleyici tutumu çocuklarına karşı yerine göre sergilemeleri ve öğrencilerin ders başarılarının artması için anne babaların kabul-ilgi ve özerklik tutumlarını daha çok kullanmaları
 önerilmektedir.

An exploration of burnout and resilience among emergency physicians at three teaching hospitals in the English-speaking Caribbean: A cross-sectional survey

Burnout is common among doctors working in emergency departments. It has significant consequences and is multifactorial. Self-care and resilience tendencies may contribute to being burnt out, or not. This study explores burnout and resilience amongst physicians working in Caribbean emergency departments. Data were collected from 111 participants using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Resilience Scale-14 (RS14) as measures of burnout and resilience, respectively. Questions collected data on participant demographics and characteristics related to self-care. The associations between demographic characteristics and total burnout and resilience scales were explored. Among participants, 88.6% had medium to high range emotional exhaustion, 82.8% exhibited medium to high range depersonalization, and 19.6% had low to medium range personal accomplishment. Participants in Barbados had higher emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores (p=0.009), and those in a postgraduate programme had higher depersonalization scores (p=0.047). The mean RS-14 score was 81.1 out of a maximum of 98.0 with a standard deviation of 13.1 and a range of 26 to 98. Depression correlated with high emotional exhaustion scores (p=0.004) and low resilience scores (p<0.0001). Emotional exhaustion scores increased among participants using alcohol daily (p=0.01), using recreational drugs (p=0.021) and sleeping aids (p=0.028). High burnout, despite high resilience, is present in this sample of physicians working in emergency departments of teaching hospitals in the Caribbean. Although resilience scores were high, those with lower resilience tendencies had poorer self-care habits. No external funding.

Emergency medicine physician burnout before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundBurnout is a common issue among physicians, and the rate among emergency medicine physicians (EPs) appears to be higher than those of other medical specialties. The COVID-19 pandemic presents unprecedented challenges to the medical community worldwide, but its effects on EP burnout has not yet been determined.MethodsWe conducted a three-stage nationwide study between July 2019 and June 2021. First, we evaluated the responses to burnout questionnaires that had been filled in by EP before the COVID-19 pandemic. We then re-sent the same questionnaires, with an addition of pandemic-specific questions. The third step involved a small group of EPs who participated in a burnout reduction workshop and re-took the questionnaires after a 3-month interval. The Maslach Burnout Inventory measured three burnout scales and a Work and Meaning Inventory predicts job satisfaction. Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate statistical tests were used to analyze the data.ResultsIn the first stage, 240 questionnaires were sent by email to all Israeli EPs listed in emergency departments nationwide, and 84 out of 88 submitted questionnaires were completed in full before the pandemic. 393 questionnaires were sent in the second stage during the pandemic and 93 out of 101 submitted questionnaires were completed in full. Twenty EPs participated in the workshop and 13 out of 20 submitted questionnaires were completed in full. Burnout levels were high (Maslach) among EPs before the pandemic and increased during the pandemic. The feelings of personal accomplishment and work meaning—both protective factors from burnout—were significantly higher in the second (pandemic) stage. The pandemic-specific burnout factors were fear of infecting family members, lack of care centers for the physician’s children, increased workload, and insufficient logistic support. The physician-oriented intervention had no significant impact on burnout levels (p < 0.412, Friedman test).ConclusionsPhysician burnout is a major global problem, and it is now being aggravated by the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare administrators should be alerted to pandemic-specific stress factors in order to help teams cope better and to prevent further worsening of the burnout. Further research is warranted to determine the lasting effect of the pandemic on EM physician burnout and the best means for reducing it.

The psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT-23) in South Africa

BackgroundBurnout is an increasing public health concern that afflicts employees globally. The measurement of burnout is not without criticism, specifically in the context of its operational definition as a syndrome, also recently designated as such by the World Health Organisation. The Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT-23) is a new measure for burnout that addresses many of the criticisms surrounding burnout scales. The aim of this study is to determine the validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of the BAT-23 in South Africa.MethodA quantitative, cross-sectional survey, approach was taken (n = 1048). Latent variable modelling was implemented to investigate the construct-relevant multidimensionality that is present in the BAT. For measurement invariance, the configural, metric, scalar, and strict models were tested.ResultsThe analyses showed that the hierarchical operationalisation of BAT-assessed burnout was the most appropriate model for the data. Specifically, a bifactor ESEM solution. Composite reliability estimates were all well above the cut-off criteria for both the global burnout factor and the specific factors. The measurement invariance tests showed that gender achieved not only strong invariance, but also strict invariance. However, ethnicity initially only showed strong invariance, but a test of partial strict invariance did show that the mean scores could be fairly compared between the groups when releasing certain constraints.ConclusionsThe BAT-23 is a valid and reliable measure to investigate burnout within the Southern African context.

Covid-19 Pandemisinde Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Çalışan Hemşirelerde İş-Aile Çatışmasını Yönetme Öz-yeterliği, Psikolojik Sağlamlık, Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri ve İlişkili Faktörler

Giriş: Pandemide yoğun bakımda çalışan hemşirelerin iş-aile çatışmasını yönetme öz yeterliklerini etkileyen diğer faktörleri bilmek bu konuda yapılacak güçlendirme çalışmalarında yol gösterici olacaktır.Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı pandemi döneminde yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin iş-aile çatışmasını yönetme öz yeterlikleri, tükenmişlik düzeyleri ve psikolojik dayanıklılıkları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte yürütülen bu çalışma, bir üniversite hastanesinde pandemi döneminde Covid-19 yoğun bakım ünitesinde çalışan 102 hemşire ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma verileri “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “İş ve Aile Çatışmasını Yönetme Öz-Yeterliği Ölçeği”, “Connor-Davidson Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği” ve “Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler SPSS version 22.0 kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan hemşirelerin iş-aile çatışması öz yeterlik düzeylerinin orta (50.27±12.35), psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerinin yüksek (91.73±15.79) olduğu görülmüştür. Tükenmişlikleri değerlendirildiğinde ise “duygusal tükenme” puanlarının orta (18.78±7.83), duyarsızlaşma puanlarının düşük (7.59±4.29) ve kişisel başarı puanlarının ise düşük (13.47±3.32) olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca tükenmişliğin, psikolojik sağlamlık ve iş-aile çatışmasını yönetme öz-yeterliği ile negatif yönde, psikolojik sağlamlık ve iş-aile çatışmasını yönetme öz-yeterliği arasında ise pozitif yönde ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür.Sonuç: Yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin yaşadığı iş-aile çatışmasını yönetebilme öz yeterliklerini arttırabilmek için hemşirelere yönelik tükenmişliği azaltacak ve psikolojik sağlamlığı arttıracak girişimlerin planlanması önerilmektedir.

The influence of emotional burnout and resilience on the psychological distress of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The aim of this study was to measure and analyse the association of emotional burnout and resilience with the psychological distress of students who finished their nursing studies after the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The mental health of nursing students was affected during the pandemic, and resilience seems to counteract the negative effects. This is a cross‐sectional study. The data (quantitative) were gathered at the beginning of the second term of the academic year 2020/2021. The study was carried out in the Spanish university context. Self‐reported measures were gathered using three one‐dimensional, valid, and reliable scales: the Psychological Distress Scale (K‐10), the Emotional Burnout Scale (EBS), and the short version of the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC10). A total of 393 students of different Spanish universities participated in this study. A valid linear regression model was obtained, which allowed verifying that psychological distress is explained, with 37% variance, by emotional burnout and resilience. The total score in emotional burnout has more relevance than the total score in resilience, and the latter has a negative tendency. Facing the factors that generate emotional burnout in students in the academic scope and promoting resilience in them are fundamental aspects that contribute to their psychological well‐being. The reflection should be extended to clinical practices. Universities are urged to think about last‐year students, their experiences, perceptions, and feelings, to determine how their susceptibility to emotional burnout and psychological distress can be minimized in their future clinical practices. Strategies to promote their resilience should also be studied.

How to Measure the Mental Health of Teachers? Psychometric Properties of the GHQ-12 in a Large Sample of German Teachers.

To improve the health status of teachers, there is a need for good and reliable instruments to continuously assess their mental health. The current study proposed the GHQ-12 questionnaire as an appropriate instrument for measuring the mental health of teachers. The GHQ-12 is a well-established screening instrument that has mostly been applied in non-teaching samples. In the current study, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were analyzed using a large sample of German teachers (N = 3996). The data was collected yearly over an extended period of time (2012–2020). Results showed good to very good reliability, as well as high correspondence to burnout and life satisfaction scales. Principal axis factor analysis supported a two-factor structure: Factor 1 represents “depression/stress” and Factor 2 represents “loss of confidence”. However, the mental health of the investigated teachers was worse than that of a representative sample in Germany. Consequently, this study highlighted the fact that the teaching profession is vulnerable to mental strain and underlined the importance of promoting prevention programs that could help to sustain and foster the mental health of teachers. In this context, the GHQ-12 could be proposed as a good and economic tool to assess and analyze mental health in German teachers. The presented norm could help practitioners and teachers to compare individual scores within a larger peer group.

REGULASI DIRI DALAM BELAJAR DAN ACADEMIC BURNOUT PADA SISWA SMA GLOBAL ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL

Boarding school students, are prone to experiencing academic burnout, a psychological condition where individuals feel tired, apathetic, and cynical about their academic activities. Boarding school students need self-regulation in learning, individual efforts to manage thoughts, feelings, and actions to achieve learning goals. This study aims to determine the relationship of self-regulation in learning with academic burnout in GIBS high school students. The research subjects were GIBS High School students totaling 160 students. The sampling technique used was Stratified Proporsional Random Sampling. The data collection method used the self-regulation scale in learning and the academic burnout scale. The analysis test uses pearson's product moment correlation. The results showed the correlation value (r= -0.370; sig= .000 (p&lt;0.05)) thus the hypothesis was accepted. This means that the higher self-regulation in student learning, the lower the academic burnout experienced by students

대학생의 대처유연성과 주도적 대처가 학업소진에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study verified whether college students' coping flexibility and proactive coping predict academic burnout, and additional hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine whether coping flexibility and proactive coping predicted academic burnout even when other variables(state anxiety and hypervigilance) known to be related to academic burnout were controlled. Methods From June 1 to June 6, 2021, 232 college students were recruited from the online communities of five universities, and participants accessed the announced link and conducted an online survey once. The measured scales Coping Flexibility Questionnaire (COFLEX), Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y (STAI-Y), Brief Hypervigilance (BHS), and Korean Academic Burnout Scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0. Results First, academic burnout showed a significant correlation with control variables state anxiety and hypervigilance, and independent variables coping flexibility and proactive coping. Second, both coping flexibility and proactive coping were significant predictors for academic burnout, and the higher the coping flexibility and proactive coping, the lower the level of academic burnout. Third, coping flexibility and proactive coping significantly predicted academic burnout even after controlling the effects of state anxiety and hypervigilance. Conclusions These results suggest that interventions that promote coping flexibility and proactive coping in college students can help alleviate the level of academic burnout.

Evaluation Of The Mental Status Of Employers In Permanent Worker Status In A University Hospital

Introduction: Evaluation of the mental status of health workers and related factors will be beneficial in terms of reducing mental disorders such as stress, depression, and anxiety, protecting the workforce and increasing the quality of service provided. The study aimed to determine the mental status of the workers and evaluate their burnout levels. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study conducted with 307 workers working in Eskişehir Osmangazi University Hospital. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and Short Form of Burnout Scale (BMS) were used. Shapiro-Wilk, Chi-Square, Logistic Regression, and Spearman Correlation analyzes were used in statistics. Results: The mean age of 163 men and 144 women in the study group was 36.1±7.9 years. Anxiety, depression, and stress suspicion frequencies were 24.4%, 26.1%, and 14.7%. The mean scores of the study group were 2.5 ± 3.9, 3.1 ± 4.7, and 3.3 ± 4.8 for anxiety, depression, and stress sub-dimensions. The mean score they got from the BMS was 24.6 ± 14.8. A positive correlation was found between the scores obtained from the DASS-21 sub-dimensions and the scores obtained from the BMS. Conclusion: In terms of depression, anxiety, and stress, psychiatric treatment history and having problems with physical conditions in the working environment were determined as risk factors. A positive correlation was found between depression, anxiety, stress levels, and burnout levels.

Quality of Life in Schoolchildren, Their Parents and Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Psychosomatic Health, Teachers’ and Parents’ Burnout Along with the Prevalence of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms

The COVID-19 pandemic and the related changes in the implementation of educational activities affected three groups of the school community: schoolchildren, their parents and teachers. The purpose of this study is to assess psychological functioning in these groups in the period before returning to full-time face-to-face education. The study involved 88 schoolchildren, 99 parents and 36 teachers from Poland. Life satisfaction, subjective physical and mental health complaints as well as the quality of life were assessed in students. Anxiety and depressive symptoms, teachers’ and parental burnout were also studied. Additionally, the usage of such maladaptive coping strategies as rumination was assessed in teachers. The analysis revealed that lower levels of psychological well-being were shown by girls (compared to boys) and schoolchildren from grades 7 to 8 (compared to younger pupils). Teachers scored relatively high on the anxiety/depressive symptoms and work burnout scales. In contrast, parents had lower levels of anxiety/depressive symptoms and the level of parental burnout was average.Among the participants of the educational process, pupils in the higher grades (7–8), especially girls, as well as teachers had poorer well-being. We suggest that measures should be taken to provide psychological support to these risk groups.

Psychometric Properties of the COVID-19 Burnout Scale in Brazil

The present study aims to adapt and analyze the psychometric properties (evidence of factor validity and internal consistency) of the COVID-19 Burnout Scale in a sample of Brazilian health professionals. Two studies were carried out (N total = 427). In Study 1 [202 health professionals (age over 18), mainly women (82%) and psychologists (31.2%)], an exploratory factor analysis support the one-factor solution and the suitability of the ten items. Moreover, was also presented in Study 2 [225 health professionals (over 18 years old), the majority of women (79.6%) and psychologists (24.8%)] results of confirmatory factor analysis and item parameters (Item Response Theory) that corroborate the unifactorial structure and convergent validity with the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. The results indicate that this measure may be suitable for use in research and in the burnout evaluation scenario.

The Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence on the Relationship Between Conflict Management Styles and Burnout among Firefighters

BackgroundWhile the organizational factors that account for firefighters' burnout have been extensively explored, the individual factors related to how they regulate interpersonal conflicts and emotions remain to be investigated. Previous research has demonstrated the association between emotional intelligence and conflict management styles and burnout, but no study has looked at the interrelationships among these factors in high-risk sectors. The present exploratory study aimed to fill this research gap by investigating the relationships between conflict management style, emotional intelligence and burnout in a sample of firefighters. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 240 French firefighters. Measures comprised validated scales of conflict management styles, emotional intelligence and burnout. ResultsResults showed that the integrating conflict style reduced burnout. They also revealed the effects of emotion regulation on burnout, whereby the awareness and management of one's own emotions reduced burnout. Moreover, awareness of one's own emotions moderated the relationship between integrating conflict resolution style and burnout, whereby the effect of integrating style on reduced burnout was higher when awareness of one's own emotions was high. ConclusionThese results reveal that strategies used by firefighters to regulate their emotions in order to meet the emotional demands specific to their job are important for reducing the emotional exhaustion component of burnout. Training programs for conflict and emotion management are needed to preserve the mental health of firefighters and ensure the safety of interventions.