Burnout In Critical Care Nurses Research Articles

The relationship between corona phobia and burnout in critical care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review

Corona phobia is a term used to explain apprehension and fear associated with COVID-19. Meanwhile, nurses, particularly those working in intensive care units, have a higher frequency of corona phobia and related consequences. Due to the significant prevalence of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic, this narrative review was conducted to summarize all published articles about the relationship between corona phobia and burnout in critical care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. A literature search was conducted using keywords extracted from medical subject headings such as “Corona Phobia”, “Burnout”, “Critical Care Nurses”, and “COVID-19” through online electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase from December 1, 2019 to May 12, 2023. Finally, 15 studies met our inclusion criteria. Fainting, tonic immobility, sleeplessness, despair, traumatic stress, hopelessness, and suicidal thoughts are all symptoms associated with corona phobia. Among the reasons for the high incidence of corona phobia among intensive care nurses the high rate of patient admission, workload, and death were mostly mentioned. With these interpretations and considering that several studies pointed to a positive relationship between corona phobia and job burnout, it can be said that the rate of job burnout in nurses in intensive care units during the COVID-19 era was higher than in other nurses. As stated in the research results, a strong correlation exists between corona phobia and occupational burnout. Corona phobia was significantly associated with job positions, professional experience in caring for infectious patients, hospital resources, age, marital status, duration of employment, and degree of education.

A National Survey of Stress and Burnout in Critical Care Nurses: A Prepandemic Study.

Critical care nurses (CCNs) experience a higher level of stress and burnout than nurses in other specialties. Approximately 50% of CCNs are mildly stressed, and almost 20% are moderately stressed. Prolonged periods of stress can lead to burnout, which has been shown to have deleterious effects on quality and patient safety. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of burnout among a national sample of CCNs and the association with environmental factors. A national survey of CCNs working in the United States was implemented using an exploratory descriptive design. The anonymous survey was developed iteratively according to best practices of survey design. The survey included the Perceived Stress Scale and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory tool. Pretesting and pilot testing were conducted with CCN specialists, and the survey was revised based on their feedback. An anonymous link was distributed to respondents using convenience sampling through social media and further disseminated via snowball sampling. Two hundred seventy nurses responded to the survey. The mean (SD) Perceived Stress Scale score in the study population was 18.5 (6.4), indicating moderate stress. The mean (SD) Copenhagen Burnout Inventory score was 61.9 (16.5), indicating moderate burnout. Our study found that the overall health of the work environment was one of the most important factors associated with both stress and burnout. This study has demonstrated the relationship between the health of the work environment and burnout among CCNs. It is imperative that health care organizations evaluate and implement strategies to optimize the health of the work environment to mitigate burnout and its negative sequelae on the nurse, patient, and system.

Burnout Level and Its Associated Factors Among Critical Care Nurses: A Literature Review

Burnout is defined as a prolonged response to ongoing interpersonal and emotional stresses at work and has three dimensions: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and decreasing personal accomplishment (PA). Burnout is a condition that affects individuals working in a variety of professions, including healthcare, and is currently the subject of much national and worldwide interest. Burnout in critical care nurses can result from several different things. So, this review aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout among critical care nurses and the risk factors that affect it. The search, filtration, and selection procedures were carried out using the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram. The publications considered for the thematic review were located using Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Wiley Online Library. Items released in English between January 2010 and August 2020 were included in the inclusion period. The search criteria were selected by assessing the abstracts before studying the full-text documents. The keywords to be included in the final analysis were burnout, critical care nurses, critical care units, and the associated factor tied to burnout as the outcome. There was a total of 264 full texts discovered from the electronic databases searched. After the duplicate articles were eliminated and the initial examination of the abstract was finished, twenty studies satisfied the criteria for inclusion. Most of the research used the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire. The prevalence of burnout ranged widely, from 8.7% to 84.4%, according to the findings. EE was shown to have the highest levels of burnout, with DP coming in second with ranges of 38.4% to 84.0% and 26.1% to 77.0%, respectively. The range for PA, on the other hand, was 15.0% to 77.1%. The main risk factors for burnout were age, gender, marital status, having children, education level, and sociodemographic traits. While working shifts, the number of years of experience, the working environment, the nurse-to-patient ratio, workload, job discontent, and workplace conflict were all occupational characteristics associated with burnout. Burnout is a threat to the critical care nurse. It is unknown whether the factors contributing to burnout pose a significant problem for nurses.

The relationship between secondary traumatic stress and burnout in critical care nurses: The mediating effect of resilience

PurposeTo examine the mediating factor on the association of secondary traumatic stress and burnout among critical care nurses. DesignA correlational study. MethodsData were collected from a convenience sampling of 147 nurses from two general hospitals who had six or more months of experience working in an intensive care unit. The collected data were analyzed through t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Bonferroni correction, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient using SPSS 25.0. The mediating effect of resilience was analyzed through the three-stage mediation effect test procedure using hierarchical regression analysis and the Sobel test. ResultsSecondary traumatic stress had a statistically significant positive correlation with burnout (r = 0.45, p <.001), and a statistically significant negative correlation between burnout and resilience (r = −0.54, p <.001) was observed. Secondary traumatic stress was found to have a statistically significant effect on resilience, which was the mediating variable (β = −0.17, p =.042). Additionally, secondary traumatic stress had a statistically significant effect on burnout (β = 0.45, p <.001). The significance of the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between secondary traumatic stress and burnout was investigated using the Sobel test, and the mediating effect of resilience was found to be statistically significant (Z = 1.98, p =.048). ConclusionResilience was found to have a partial mediating effect in the relationship between critical care nurses’ secondary traumatic stress and burnout. The study thus provides basic data on the importance of resilience in preventing burnout from secondary traumatic stress.

Bullying and burnout in critical care nurses: A cross-sectional descriptive study.

Employee bullying and burnout are two crucial, prevalent and challenging concepts that adversely affect organizational staff behaviours. Also, adverse patient care is associated with nurse bullying and burnout. This study aimed to assess the incidence and association between workplace bullying and occupational burnout among nurses in critical care units in Iran. A cross-sectional descriptive study. The subjects were 184 nurses from critical care units in 6 teaching hospitals in Iran. Three questionnaires were distributed among the study population; (a) demographic characteristics questionnaire, (b) Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and (c) bullying at Workplace Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to present the workplace bullying and occupational burnout status among nurses. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the relationship between workplace bullying with MBI and nurses' demographic characteristics, respectively. 62% of the nurses had moderate emotional exhaustion, 59.8% had moderate depersonalization and 46.2% had a moderate individual achievement. 75.5% faced workplace bullying. There was a positive and significant association between bullying scores and burnout in total (Pearson's r=0.598, p < 0.001). Linear regression test showed a positive and significant relationship between bullying with MBI dimensions (R=0.613, p < 0.001) for emotional exhaustion, (R=0.679, p < 0.001) for depersonalization and (R=-0.417, p < 0.001) for individual achievement. Among Iranian nurses, bullying is a prominent and substantial issue that significantly correlates with their negative performance by enhancing job burnout. It is suggested that some measures are adopted to avoid workplace bullying and to reduce occupational burnout for nurses. Managers should create an environment that encourages nurses to voice their concerns - informing nurses about their rights and creating a positive atmosphere in the hospital.

Nursing workforce, education, and training challenges to implementing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation services in Australian intensive care units: A qualitative substudy

BackgroundThe use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasing in the management of critical care patients. ECMO service delivery requires an organisation-supported approach to ensure appropriate resources to deliver training, equipment, capacity, staffing, and the required model of care for quality care delivery. The aim of this nested substudy was to explore challenges specific to nursing staff in ECMO services in Australian intensive care units. MethodsThis was a nested substudy within a qualitative study using semistructured focus group discussions conducted with 83 health professionals, which included 40 nurses. There were 14 focus groups across 14 ECMO centres participating in the binational ECMO (EXCEL) registry of Australia and New Zealand. An inductive thematic analysis focused on the nurse's experiences of the barriers and facilitators for nursing in providing an ECMO service. ResultsFour themes emerged relating to the nurse's experience of implementing ECMO services: workforce requirements, workload demands, models of care, and level of experience. The complexity and intensity of caring for ECMO patients may need to be considered an additional factor in the burnout in critical care nurses. Current nursing ratios and responsibilities in critical care need to be considered, with the opportunity for the development of specialist advanced practitioner nursing roles. ConclusionThis study highlights the challenges for nursing in providing ECMO services in the intensive care setting. The complexity and intensity of ECMO is challenging and leads to concerns regarding burnout and workforce preparedness. New models of care need to be considered to mitigate the barriers for nursing identified across ECMO centres.

Positive Emotion Skills Intervention to Address Burnout in Critical Care Nurses.

Critical care nurses experience high levels of workplace stress, which can lead to burnout. Many medical centers have begun offering wellness programs to address burnout in their nursing staff; however, most of these programs focus on reducing negative states such as stress, depression, and anxiety. A growing body of evidence highlights the unique, independent role of positive emotion in promoting adaptive coping in the face of stress. This article describes a novel approach for preventing burnout in critical care nurses: an intervention that explicitly aims to increase positive emotion by teaching individuals empirically supported skills. This positive emotion skills intervention has been used successfully in other populations and can be tailored for critical care nurses. Also discussed are recommendations for addressing burnout in intensive care unit nurses at both the individual and organizational levels.

Comparative Study of Job Burnout Among Critical Care Nurses With Fixed and Rotating Shift Schedules

Background:Nurses, as health care providers, are insurmountably obliged to the practice of shift work. Literature has reported shift working as one of the inducing factors of burnout. Despite numerous studies in this area, there are inconsistencies on the relationship between shift working and burnout among nurses, especially in those who work in critical care settings.Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare the occupational burnout in critical care nurses with and without fixed shift schedules.Patients and Methods:In this comparative study, 130 nurses with rotating shift schedule and 130 nurses with fixed shift schedule from six university hospitals were selected using stratified random sampling. Maslach burnout inventory was used for data collection. Independent samples t-test, chi-square and one-way ANOVA tests were used to analyze the data.Results:Most of the participants were females (62.7%), aged between 22 - 29 years (38.5%), married (59.2%), and had a bachelor degree (86.9%). The mean score of emotional exhaustion was significantly higher in nurses with fixed shift schedules (P < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the mean scores of the two groups in the personal accomplishment and depersonalization subscales (P > 0.05). Moreover, no significant difference was found in burnout mean scores between nurses with fixed morning and fixed night shifts (P > 0.05). The means of the emotional exhaustion subscale were significantly different in nurses with different characteristics (P < 0.05) except the gender and working unit.Conclusions:As a result of this study, it was found that critical care nurses with fixed shift schedules display more burnout in emotional exhaustion dimension, compared to those working with rotating shift schedules.

Moral distress, advocacy and burnout: theorizing the relationships.

Burnout is a major contributor to shortages of experienced nurses. The research literature shows a correlation between moral distress and burnout in critical care nurses. This paper reports on part of an interpretive interactionist study concerning nurses' experiences of moral distress which prompted attempts to advocate for vulnerable patients. One critical incident is used as an example of the qualitative findings of the study. In this paper, we theorize about what happened when nurses advocated for their patients by challenging medical treatments which the nurses believed to be both inappropriate and to contributing to patient suffering. When attempts at advocacy were unsuccessful, the nurses experienced intensified moral distress, frustration and anger. Being an unsuccessful advocate resulted in nurses being relocated within the hospital, nurses being scapegoated and/or burning out. The theoretical links which this paper makes between advocacy, moral distress and burnout are supported by empirical data from the study.

Personality hardiness, ways of coping, social support and burnout in critical care nurses

Hardiness, ways of coping, social support and burnout in 103 critical care nurses were addressed in this study. Work-related and nonwork-related social support and hardiness were negatively related to burnout. Use of emotion-focused coping was positively correlated with burnout while hardiness was negatively related to the use of emotion-focused coping and positively related to both types of social support. After controlling for working nights, social support, hardiness, emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping accounted for 44% of the variance in burnout scores.

Personality hardiness, occupational stress, and burnout in critical care nurses.

Personality hardiness, occupational stress, and burnout were investigated in 100 critical care nurses. Hardiness was predictive of occupational stress and burnout. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that one of the three dimensions of hardiness, commitment to work, was the only variable to account for significant amounts of variance (up to 24%) across three of four measures of burnout. The study did not provide support for the stress buffering effect of hardiness. That is, an interaction term, hardiness x occupational stress, was not convincingly predictive of burnout in nurses. The findings are discussed in terms of other research on burnout in critical care nurses and recent issues on the conceptualization of hardiness.