Burned Body Research Articles

Central Venous Catheter Use in Burn Patients: Complications and Preventive Measures

Summary: The use of a central venous catheter (CVC) is essential in the management of burn patients, especially due to the difficulty of venous access, the length of hospitalization, and the need for routine fluid replenishment and medication administration, particularly antibiotics. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to identify the rate of complications associated with central venous catheters in the context of burn patients to discuss its indications and the benefit/risk ratio. Methods: This descriptive retrospective study was conducted in the Plastic Surgery Department of CHU Mohamed VI in Marrakech, involving patients who received a central venous catheter during their admission to the burn unit from March 2023 to March 2024. Data collection included basic demographic data, comorbidities, burn mechanism, burn depth, percentage of burned body surface area (BSA), central catheter location (subclavian, femoral, jugular), the site (healthy/burned), the duration of catheter placement, complications (infection and venous thrombosis), detection of germs during culture, and the length of hospital stay. Results: Infection and venous thrombosis were identified as the most frequent complications of CVC use. Further research is needed to evaluate the role of regular CVC changes (every 10 to 15 days after insertion) in preventing infections and to establish a clear anticoagulation protocol for preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Conclusion: While CVCs can be a valuable resource in the treatment of burn patients, they are associated with significant risks, some of which may be life-threatening. The duration of CVC placement should be minimized, and blood cultures (preferably from the CVC tip) should be systematically sent after 10 days or at the first suspicion of complications to reduce the incidence and severity of CVC-related infections.

A Novel Algorithm for Forensic Identification Using Geometric Cranial Patterns in Digital Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs in Forensic Dentistry.

Lateral cephalometric radiographs are crucial in dentistry and orthodontics for diagnosis and treatment planning. However, their use in forensic identification, especially with burned bodies or in mass disasters, is challenging. AM (antemortem) and PM (postmortem) radiographs can be compared for identification. This study introduces and evaluates a novel algorithm for extracting cranial patterns from digital lateral cephalometric radiographs for identification purposes. Due to the unavailability of AM cephalograms from deceased individuals, the algorithm was tested using pre- and post-treatment cephalograms of living individuals from an orthodontic archive, considered as AM and PM data. The proposed algorithm encodes cranial patterns into a database for future identification. It matches PM cephalograms with AM records, accurately identifying individuals by comparing cranial features. The algorithm achieved an accuracy of 97.5%, a sensitivity of 97.7%, and a specificity of 95.2%, correctly identifying 350 out of 358 cases. The mean similarity score improved from 91.02% to 98.10% after applying the Automatic Error Reduction (AER) function. Intra-observer error analysis showed an average Euclidean distance of 3.07 pixels (SD = 0.73) for repeated landmark selections. The proposed algorithm shows promise for identity recognition based on cranial patterns and could be enhanced with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in future studies.

Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Deep Second Degree Burn Patients Treated with Platelet Lysate

The wound healing process in burn victims is still a problem today despite the advances made in the management of these patients with the different resuscitation regimens, the advent of antibiotic therapy as well as the different local treatments used. The local application of a high concentration of growth factor through the use of halogenic platelet concentrates lyzed by freezing- thawing has been done in the past with the aim of accelerating the healing process of the various wounds. The aim of this work is to describe Clinical and epidemiological profile of deep second degree burn patients treated with platelet lysate. A longitudinal and prospective study was carried out in 30 adult patients with deep second-degree burns with boiling water with a burned body surface area ≤ 5%, treated locally with allogeneic platelet lysate in the Burn centre and Plastic Surgery Service of the General Hospital “Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso” in Santiago de Cuba, during the period of February 2015 to February 2016.A total of 30 adult patients have been studied. The mean age was 33.93. Female sex predominated with a male/female ratio of 1/2. The most frequent location of burns was in the lower limbs accounting for 36.6% of patients, followed by the upper limbs and anterior trunk at 26.7% in both cases. For the study group, the epitelization time was less than 21 days and in the majority of cases (66.7%) this time was 7-13 days. Non-relevant side effects were observed in 80% of patients and included pruritus (50%), perilesional erythema (8.3%) and pain in 29.2% of patients. Apart from these side effects, no complications have been observed in our patients. The promising results reported in this study and in the literature warn that platelet lysate may become a potential therapeutic candidate for deep second- degree burns from boiling water.

Critical appraisal of the “one-day-per-percent” rule - A register-based observational study

BackgroundThe ”one-day-per-percent” rule states that for burn patients, one day of hospital stay can be expected for each percentage of burned body surface. This study aimed to test the rule's predictive value. MethodsThe study is a register-based observational study on all burns treated in the Norwegian National Burn Center 2000–22. All children and adults admitted and actively treated in this period were included (2269 patients). Patients receiving palliative care were not included (55). Age when injured, sex, year of admittance, LOS (length of stay), %TBSA (total body surface area), discharged alive/dead, and palliative care: yes/no were extracted from the registry. Quantile regression was used to estimate the quantiles of LOS/%TBSA as a function of %TBSA. ResultsFor injuries < 15 %TBSA, the median LOS/%TBSA values were above 1.0, and the ratio increased as the injury size decreased. The median LOS/%TBSA values were close to 1.0 for patients with injuries ≥ 15 %TBSA (Table 2, Figure 2). The quantile regression analysis revealed a considerable spread in estimated values for both adults and children. Children had a lower median LOS/%TBSA than adults and a value below 1.0 for injuries 15–30 %TBSA. When survivors and non-survivors were compared, a higher median LOS/%TBSA was found for survivors with injuries > 60 %TBSA. DiscussionThe ”one-day-per-percent” rule does not seem applicable for injuries < 15 %TBSA. Even for more extensive injuries, the large spread in estimated values in different quantiles renders it poor at predicting length of hospital stay. There also seem to be many caveats when it is used to measure an institution's efficacy or when comparing different institutions. ConclusionThe predictive value of the “one-day-per-percent” rule is deficient when considering individual patients. It does not fit for injuries < 15 %TBSA, and the significant variation for patients with injuries of a similar extent renders it not viable as a forecasting tool.

A review of methods of age estimation based on postmortem computed tomography

Abstract Age at death is one of the key elements of the ‘biological profile’ prepared when analysing unidentified human remains. Biological age is determined according to physiological indicators and developmental stage, which can be determined by bone assessment. It is worth remembering that the researcher must interpret each case individually and in accordance with the current state of knowledge. One of the most developed tools for analysing human remains is postmortem computed tomography. This allows for the visualisation not only of bones without maceration but also of the entire body under various altered states, including corpses in advanced stages of decomposition and burnt bodies. The aim of this review is to present the current methods for age estimation based on postmortem computed tomography evaluation, comparing the results presented in 18 research projects published between 2013 and 2023 on foetuses, children, and adults from contemporary populations. Recent literature includes assessment of bones and characteristics such as skulls, teeth, vertebrae, pelvises, and long bones to estimate age at death. We cover the methods used in this recent literature, including machine learning, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of them.

The prognostic relevance of full-thickness burns on ABSI

IntroductionThe Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI) by Tobiasen, which is commonly used to estimate the mortality risk of severely burned patients, calculates an additional point for the existence of full-thickness (third-degree) burns. [1] However, the score does not consider the extent of the body surface affected by third-degree burns. To understand whether there is a way to improve ABSI prediction power, this study aims to determine the influence of full-thickness burns on survival rates and how it affects the predictive precision of the ABSI. Material and methodsIn this study, the statistical evaluation of 2538 patients collected prospectively in the context of the German Burn Registry was carried out. A linear regression analysis was carried out to show the prognostic relevance of full-thickness burns. Age, sex, total body surface area burned (TBSA), and the presence of inhalation injury were also observed as further influencing factors. ResultsAmong the 2538 patients meeting our inclusion criteria, full-thickness burns were found in 1233 patients. In patients with a TBSA below 20 %, the extent of full-thickness burns is not relevant to the prognosis in terms of survival probability (p = 0.124). With more than 20 % TBSA, the extent of third-degree burns is of significant relevance (p = 0.000). In patients without full-thickness burns and calculated ABSI values ≥ 12 the survival rate of 46 % was noticeably better than the predicted survival rate of < 10 % according to the ABSI Score, whereas the predicted survival rate in patients with third-degree burns (< 10 %), closely matched the observed survival rate of 11 %. ConclusionFor patients with a TBSA < 20 %, the presence of full-thickness burns is not relevant for survival. In contrast to this observation, the percentage of full-thickness burns is of crucial prognostic importance for patients with a TBSA of > 20 %. By adjusting the ABSI and taking into account the exact percentage of third-degree burns, an improvement in the prognostic precision of the score could be achieved.

Intraluminal release of citrullinated histone 3 from various cellular origins coincides with microvascular thrombosis in burn wounds.

Loss of perfusion in the burn wound might cause wound deepening and impaired healing. We previously showed persistent microvascular thrombosis coinciding with intraluminal neutrophils extracellular traps in human burned skin. This study investigates the presence of intraluminal citrullinated histone 3 (H3cit) from different cellular origins (neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes) in relation to microvascular thrombosis of burn wounds. Eschar was obtained from burn patients (n = 18) 6-40 days postburn with a mean total burned body surface area of 23%. Microvascular presence of tissue factor (TF), factor XII (FXII) and thrombi was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Intramicrovascular cell death was analyzed via immunofluorescent microscopy, combining antibodies for neutrophils (MPO), monocytes (CD14), and lymphocytes (CD45) with endothelial cell markers CD31 and H3cit. Significantly increased microvascular expression of TF, FXII, and thrombi (CD31+) was found in all eschar samples compared with control uninjured skin. Release of H3cit from different cellular origins was observed in the lumen of the dermal microvasculature in the eschar tissue 7-40 days postburn, with release from neutrophilic origin being 2.7 times more abundant. Intraluminal presence of extracellular H3cit colocalizing with either MPO, CD14, or CD45 is correlated to increased microvascular thrombosis in eschar of burn patients.

Do they stay, or do they go? Children presenting to five emergency departments across New South Wales, Australia with acute burn injuries: a retrospective review

ObjectiveThe overall objective of the study was to describe the disposition status of children presenting with a burn injury to five emergency departments (ED) across New South Wales (NSW), Australia.DesignA...

Analysis of fall from height cases due to electrical injury: evaluation by comparing with fall from height and only electrical injury cases

Objective: Trauma is the leading cause of deaths worldwide. Electrical injury causes many damage to the body according to the elektrical load, considerably mortality.&#x0D; Falls from height are one of the most common causes of trauma in the world, it is a condition with high morbidity and mortality.&#x0D; Falls from height due to electrical injury that caused by mechanisms both electrical injury and falling from a height are complex injuries .&#x0D; Although cases of falling from height due to electrical injury have been reported in the literature, there are no studies examining them.&#x0D; The aim of this study is to examine cases of falls from height due to electrical injury, its clinical features were compared to only electrical injury cases and only falls from height.&#x0D; Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Cases admitted to the emergency department of Dicle University Hospital between January 2015 and December 2021 were examined. In this study, 75 cases who fell from a height due to electrical injury, 75 cases who had only electrical injury, and 75 cases who fell only from a height were received.&#x0D; Trauma cases included in the study were examined age, gender, ground of fall, fall height, workplace accident and suicide status, electrical voltage, burn and trauma scores, laboratory findings, mortality.&#x0D; Results: Among the 75 cases falling from height due to electrical injury, 69 (92%) survived, 6 (8%) died. The median age was 24 (IQR: 17-37) years old. Of the cases, 70 (93.30%) were male, 53 (70.70%) were high voltage, 35 (46.70%) were workplace accidents. Among the variables examined, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), creatinine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), total body burn surface area (TBSA%), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) for burns were the factors affecting mortality( p

Pengaruh Latihan High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Terhadap Kadar Triglierida Pada Atlet Lari Jarak Jauh Pasi Kota Malang

Triglycerides are fats carried by the lipoprotein system located in the blood, are the main cause of arterial diseases and are usually compared with cholesterol using lipoprotein electrophoresis. Triglycerides consist of glycerol linked to fatty acid groups. The High Intensity Interval Training method is a sport designed to increase metabolism and burn body fat so as to balance triglyceride levels in the body. This exercise is often included in training programs for long-distance runners. This study aims to obtain information about the effect of the High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) exercise on the interval running model on triglyceride levels in PASI Athletes in Malang City. The research method and design used was an experiment in the form of the one group pretest-posttest design, namely recording the results of triglyceride levels before HIIT training and after HIIT training. This study involved 8 long-distance runners whose blood was taken from the cubital vein before the HIIT treatment. The design of this study was initiated by screening all research subjects according to predetermined inclusion criteria. And all subjects were instructed to fill out a willingness form (informed consent) then proceed with taking a blood sample before the HIIT exercise treatment of ± 10 µL. After taking blood, the HIIT training program is continued with an interval running model, namely by running fast for 2 minutes, then walking for 2 minutes, doing 10 repetitions. After completing the HIIT training treatment, all subjects took blood again as much as ± 10 µL. When all subjects' blood samples have been taken, it is followed by laboratory tests in the clinical pathology laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University. The results of the study by conducting a paired sample T-test were used to analyze the data obtained with a significant (2-tailed) value of 0.938 greater than the p value of 0.05 (0.938&gt; 0.05) indicating H0 was accepted and Ha was rejected which means that HIIT training has no significant effect on the leukocyte levels of PASI Athletes in Malang City. So it can be concluded that HIIT training has no effect on increasing leukocyte levels in PASI Athletes running long distances in Malang City. The conclusion in this study was that the HIIT training provided had no significant effect on the amount of triglycerides after and after exercise. Triglyceride levels in long-distance runners are at normal levels. This is because there has been regular practice given by the coach as preparation for the match.

Medico-legal scene investigation in the case of burned bodies - a systematic review.

A judicial on-site examination is essential for the correct analysis of a forensic case, particularly when there has been a fatal fire, as heat-related changes to bodies make identification by the forensic pathologist and other specialists difficult along with estimating the post-mortem interval and determining the precise cause and manner of death. We systematically reviewed all relevant articles dating from 2003 to 2022 in the PubMed database with a view to updating recommendations on how best to proceed. Our recommendations highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach involving various forensic specialists.

Burn surgery

Burn injuries represent a special type of injury that requires special expertise. Both in adequate wound treatment and in intensive medical care, there are various special features that must be considered and due to which treatment by experienced medical personnel is necessary. In the clinical, but also in the preclinical course, the most important points in the treatment of the burn injury should be known to be able to guarantee adequate treatment. In this context, in addition to the knowledge of the different degrees of burns, the estimation of the burned body surface area (VKOF) is essential. Intensive medical treatment as well as surgical therapy of deep burn wounds should then be performed in a burn center. The article provides an overview of the classifications of burn injuries, the management of wound care, the various therapeutic options, both conservative and surgical, and the special features of burn disease.

MANIFESTATIONS OF TORTURE OF UKRAINIAN CITIZENS BY THE RUSSIAN MILITARY IN SOME DEOCCUPIED TERRITORIES ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF FORENSIC AND MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS AND IDENTIFICATION OF VIOLENCE VICTIMS AND EXUMBED BODIES

The article highlights cases of brutal treatment by the Russian military in February-April 2022 against citizens of the de-occupied territories of Ukraine, which correspond to both the list of physical evidence of torture of the «Istanbul Protocol» and the list of war crimes of the «Rome Statute».&#x0D; Aim of the work. Forensic-medical characterization of bodily injuries as manifestations of torture of Ukrainian citizens by the Russian military in de-occupied territories based on the results of forensic investigations of victims of violent acts and examinations of exhumed and identification corpses conducted in 2022.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The research material was archival data of the Chernihiv, Kyiv, and Kharkiv regional bureaus of forensic medical examination (SME) related to cases of violent death. Well-known forensic and statistical research methods were used.&#x0D; Results. Damages in the form of numerous bruises were found on the corpses of persons from the Chernihiv region who were under the occupation of Russian troops in the period from 27.02.2022 to 01.04.2022, as well as on the bodies of exhumed corpses from the de-occupied territories of Kyiv and Kharkiv regions; stab, stab and gunshot wounds; fractures of the bones of the head and trunk, in particular, tying hands, gunshot wounds in the back of the head, burning bodies.&#x0D; Conclusions. Injuries in the form of numerous scars were found on the bodies of persons from the Chernihiv region who were under the occupation of Russian troops in the period from 27.02.2022 to 01.04.2022, as well as on the bodies of exhumed and identification corpses from the de-occupied territories of Kyiv and Kharkiv regions; stab, stab and gunshot wounds; fractures of the bones of the head and torso – are clear physical evidence of torture and mutilation and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment in accordance with the «Istanbul Protocol». The multiplicity of bodily injuries, the peculiarities of their localization and the long duration of their infliction, the similarity between the nature of the injury and the instrument of injury, the binding of the hands, the gunshot wounds in the occipital region of the head, which were found on the exhumed corpses of executed civilians and military personnel and their burning – are expressive manifestations of not only torture, but also evidence of war crimes committed by the Russian military, in accordance with the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.

#6505 POST-BURNS PERSISTENT INFLAMMATION LEADS TO KIDNEY PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH THROUGH ACTIVATION OF THE CASPASES SIGNALING PATHWAY

Abstract Background and Aims The underlying mechanism for the increased incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in burn patients discharged from hospital remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that burn patients are discharged from the hospital with chronic inflammation despite normalization of all physiological parameters. We hypothesized that severe burns accelerate the onset and progression of CKD by activating persistent inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of severe burns on kidney and its possible mechanisms. Method The study was divided into three parts. First, to understand the effect of burns on the general population and the CKD population, 4-month-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into a blank control group (Blank) and an adenine-induced CKD group. Some mice were established by burns in a 10% total body burn surface area model at 5-month-old. Experiments were terminated at 7-month-old. The function, morphology, inflammatory response and oxidative stress of the kidney were assayed. Second, the effect of activated macrophages on podocytes was studied by in vitro experiments. Results In the Blank group, burns did not cause kidney function and weight alterations, but caused a small amount of organic lesions, glomerular atrophy, apoptosis, and macrophage infiltration. In the CKD group, burns not only significantly reduced kidney function, but also caused kidney atrophy, organic lesions, glomerular atrophy, apoptosis and macrophage infiltration. In addition, burns significantly increased Caspase-1 and -3 pathway expression in all mice. Electron microscopy showed that burns significantly aggravated glomerular injury in the CKD group, including podocyte injury, cell membrane blubbing and rupture. In vitro studies showed that polarized M1 macrophages increased MPC5 podocytes death. Conclusion Severe burns cause programmed cell death through activation of inflammation-induced Caspase-dependent pathways leading to kidney injury in mice. This phenomenon has a small effect on normal populations and a larger effect on CKD populations. This study has important implications for determining the prognosis of kidney function in burn patients and provides a promising therapeutic strategy.

779 Utilization of Palliative Care in Patients Succumbing to Primary Burn Injury

Abstract Introduction Burn injury is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Access to palliative care (PC) is variable, and many patients who die after burns do not receive specialized PC consultation. We conducted a retrospective nation-wide study of patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of burn injury who died prior to hospital discharge to identify factors associated with receiving palliative care. Methods Data from the HCUP National Inpatient Sample (2016-2019) were queried to identify inpatient deaths among adults ≥18 admitted with a primary ICD-10 burn diagnosis. Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed between patients who did and did not receive PC using chi-square tests and multivariable Poisson regression on data weighted to represent the national population. Baux scores were calculated by adding age and percentage of body burnt based upon ICD-10 code categorizations; a revised Baux score was calculated for inhalation injury. Results Of 98,845 patients admitted to inpatient care from 2016 to 2019 with a primary burn diagnosis, 3250 (3.3%) died prior to discharge. 1390 (42.8%) of patients who died had a PC encounter. Patients who did not receive PC were younger (mean 58.7 vs. 63.9, p=0.0002), had lower Baux scores (mean 104.6 vs. 112.4, p=0.002) and a longer length of stay (LOS) (mean 19.3 vs. 13.3, p=0.008). Controlling for age, sex, Baux score and LOS, White patients had a 35% greater likelihood of receiving PC than Black patients (incidence rate ratio, IRR 1.35, 0.95 CI (1.02,1.79)). All else held constant, patients aged 70-79 had the greatest likelihood (68%, IRR 1.68, 0.95 CI (1.31,2.15)) of receiving PC versus patients &amp;lt; 60 years old. Urban teaching hospitals had the highest percentage of burn patients (92.7% vs. 5.2% non-teaching vs. 2.1% rural) and the highest rate of providing PC (43% vs. 30% non-teaching vs. 20% rural, p=0.446) to patients that died. Insurance type (Medicare, Medicaid, Private, and other) did not correlate with receiving PC (p=0.054). The number of diagnoses, procedures and gender did not differ between deceased patients who did and did not receive PC. Conclusions More than half of burn patients who died prior to discharge did not receive a palliative care consultation. Unsurprisingly, older patients were more likely to receive PC. Patients who did not receive PC were more likely to have been younger, Black, have had lower Baux scores or to have been treated in non-urban non-teaching hospitals. The high Baux score of the younger patients (104.6) is associated with significant risk of death; this population might benefit from PC consultation. The discrepancy between White and Black patients in the delivery of PC services is striking. Further study is necessary to identify not only those burn patients most likely to benefit from PC but also the barriers to receiving palliative care in burn injury. Applicability of Research to Practice Demonstrates the inconsistency of palliative care use in the burn population

Medicolegal Aspect Analysis of Burn Cases in Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad

Background: Owing to the high potential of physical injuries, disabilities and even deaths resulting from burn-related injuries, these are considered as injuries of medico-legal importance. The study aims to investigate the medico-legal aspects of selective cases of burn victims admitted to the Burn unit of Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad.&#x0D; Methodology: This study was conducted at the Burn unit of Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad. The information on burn patients was collected retrospectively from the record for the period of three years from January 2018 to December 2020 from the Burn unit. The data related to socio-demographic details, site, cause, severity and outcome of burn cases was recorded.&#x0D; Results: Total 418 victims record was evaluated; the highest prevalence of cases was in the age group of 0-10 years (60.6%). Majority; 58.8% of the victims were males. In more than half (52.6%) of the victims, 20% or less body area was burnt. In 34.2% cases, 21-40% area was burnt. About 48.1% of cases were of wet scalds and 40.2% dry flame burns. About 7.6% were cases of electrocution. Male and female burn victims demonstrated statistically significant difference (p&lt;0.05) regarding site of burn, side, source, manner and survival from burn injuries.&#x0D; Conclusion: Males are more affected by burns than their counterpart while children ≤ 10 years are most commonly reported with burn injuries. Wet scald is the most common type of burn while most victims present with ≤20% burnt body area.&#x0D; Key Words: Accidental injuries, Burns, Suicide

Regulars - Columnist. Dear Evil Engineer: Question - Could I cut back on my energy bills by burning bodies?

This month, the Evil Engineer considers the benefits of repurposing human bodies as biomass feedstock.

Regulars - Columnist. Dear Evil Engineer: Question - Could I cut back on my energy bills by burning bodies?

This month, the Evil Engineer considers the benefits of repurposing human bodies as biomass feedstock.

The Rest Is History

The Rest Is History

Estimation of Stature from the Length of the Sternum in the Ethnic Meitei Population– A Study in Medicolegal Autopsies

Identification is necessary for living persons, dead persons, decomposed bodies, and mutilated and burnt bodies. In some cases where long bones are not available; the fresh sternal length can be used for stature estimation. Forty male cases belonging to the ethnic Meitei population within the age group 14-70 years were studied. Linear regression analysis was applied for the different sternal lengths to derive regression equations for the estimation of the stature of the study population. The linear regression obtained for the length of the manubrium, length of the body, combined length of the manubrium and the body and the total sternal lengths were Y=5.7641X +138.53, 1 Y=2.277X +140.6, Y=2.3229X +128.81 and Y=2.4786X +116.05 respectively. The maximum correlation was observed for the total 2 3 4 sternal length (R=0.569) followed by manubrium (R=0.475), the combined length of manubrium and mesosternum (R=0.462) and mesosternum (0.374). The study showed that there was a moderate positive correlation between all the sternal measurements with the cadaveric length.