Burden Of Non-melanoma Skin Cancer Research Articles

A study on the global burden of non-melanoma skin cancer from 1990 to 2019

IntroductionThis study aims to provide an overview and analysis of the global disease burden of non-melanoma skin cancer using data from the GBD 2019 database.Material and methodsThis study utilized the global GBD 2019 disease data. The data was categorized into various subgroups based on region, socio-demographic index (SDI), country, gender, and age. We analyzed Incidence Cases, Incidence Rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), DALY Rate, as well as age-standardized indicators and their annualized percent change (EAPC).ResultsThe global burden of non-melanoma skin cancer exhibited an increasing trend from 1990 to 2019. The EAPC for age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 1.13, and the EAPC for age-standardized DALY rate was 0.20. Geographic variations were observed, with the most substantial increase in ASIR observed in High-income North America (EAPC: 2.20), and a significant increase in age-standardized DALY rate in Central Asia (EAPC: 2.32). Countries with high SDI had the highest ASIR and showed the most significant increasing trend (EAPC: 1.97). Overall, the burden of disease for non-melanoma skin cancer increased in all countries globally from 1990 to 2019. The EAPC for incidence cases, DALYs, and ASIR was greater than 0 in almost all countries worldwide, indicating an overall increasing trend.ConclusionsThe global disease burden of non-melanoma skin cancer exhibited significant increasing changes from 1990 to 2019. Several countries in Asia, Africa, and North America experienced a severe disease burden.

Changing trends in the disease burden of non-melanoma skin cancer globally from 1990 to 2019 and its predicted level in 25 years

BackgroundThe disease burden of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has become a significant public health threat. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis to mitigate the health hazards of NMSC.MethodsThis study had three objectives. First, we reported the NMSC-related disease burden globally and for different subgroups (sex, socio-demographic index (SDI), etiology, and countries) in 2019. Second, we examined the temporal trend of the disease burden from 1990 to 2019. Finally, we used the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model integrated nested Laplacian approximation to predict the disease burden in the coming 25 years. The Norpred age-period-cohort (APC) model and the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model were used for sensitivity analysis.ResultsThe disease burden was significantly higher in males than in females in 2019. The results showed significant differences in disease burden in different SDI regions. The better the socio-economic development, the heavier the disease burden of NMSC. The number of new cases and the ASIR of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were higher than that of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 2019 globally. However, the number of DALYs and the age-standardized DALYs rate were the opposite. There were statistically significant differences among different countries. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of NMSC increased from 54.08/100,000 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 46.97, 62.08) in 1990 to 79.10/100,000 (95% UI: 72.29, 86.63) in 2019, with an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of 1.78. Other indicators (the number of new cases, the number of deaths, the number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and the age-standardized DALYs rate) showed the same trend. Our predictions suggested that the number of new cases, deaths, and DALYs attributable to NMSC would increase by at least 1.5 times from 2020 to 2044.ConclusionsThe disease burden attributable to NMSC will continue to increase or remain stable at high levels. Therefore, relevant policies should be developed to manage NMSC, and measures should be taken to target risk factors and high-risk groups.

Burden of non-melanoma skin cancer attributable to occupational sun exposure in Canada.

Outdoor workers are exposed daily to solar ultraviolet radiation, an important contributor in the development of non-melanoma skin cancer. This study aimed to quantify the health burden of non-melanoma skin cancers among outdoor workers in Canada. Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure and estimates of exposure levels were applied to employment information from Canada census data to determine the exposed population in the risk exposure period (1961-2001). Risk estimates were drawn from meta-analyses selected based on quality and relevance to the current study. Population-attributable fractions were calculated using Levin's equation and attributable cases were estimated based on incidence data reported by the Canadian Cancer Society. In 2011, 6.31% (4556 cases) of non-melanoma skin cancer cases were estimated to be attributable to occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation. The majority of these cases occurred in men in the agriculture or construction industries. These estimates of the burden of non-melanoma skin cancer in Canada identify the need for further prevention efforts, particularly in agriculture and construction. Introducing workplace sun safety measures could be an important area for policy development.

Nationwide hospitalization costs of skin melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancer in Germany

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), in contrast to skin melanoma (MEL), is considered a negligible health problem because mortality of NMSC is low. The aim of this study was to provide insights into the burden of NMSC and MEL by analysing nationwide skin cancer hospitalization data and data from a dermatologist panel of Germany. We wanted to estimate hospitalization costs due to skin cancer in Germany. We analysed the most recent nationwide hospitalization data from 2003 and estimated hospitalization costs due to MEL and NMSC. We estimated the annual number of private dermatologist practice visits in Germany due to skin cancer. In 2003, 20 455 melanoma-related and 41 929 NMSC-related hospitalizations occurred in Germany. Age-standardized hospitalization rates for NMSC were 2.5-fold and 1.8-fold higher among men and women than the rates for MEL, respectively. The age-specific proportions of hospitalizations for NMSC in relation to all cancer-related hospitalizations increased within the age range of 65 years and more. Among people aged 90 years and more, 14% of all cancer-related hospitalizations were due to NMSC. Estimated annual hospitalization costs for MEL were euro50 to 60 million, and those for NMSC were euro105 to 130 million. The estimated number of private dermatologist practice visits in Germany 2003 is considerably higher for NMSC than MEL CONCLUSIONS: Analyses of hospitalizations data and data from private dermatologists give NMSC higher public health relevance than can be obtained from consideration of death statistics.

Malignant melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers in Northrhine‐Westphalia, Germany: a patient‐ vs. diagnosis‐based incidence approach

Dermatologists have repeatedly criticized that the public health importance of nonmelanoma skin cancers is not appropriately reflected by the patient-based cancer incidence rates of population-based cancer registries. The aims of this study were to estimate the patient incidence rates of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and skin melanoma, and to study the effect of multiple primary skin tumors on the incidence rates. We used a network of physicians covering a population of about 75,000 individuals to register all newly diagnosed invasive skin cancers (996 diagnoses in 796 patients), including BCC, SCC, and skin melanoma, from July 1998 to June 2003. We calculated age-standardized (world standard population) incidence rates (cases per 100,000 person-years) for the first diagnoses (called "patient incidence") and for any diagnoses of BCC, SCC, and skin melanoma (called "case incidence"). The patient incidence rates of BCC were 63.6 in men and 54.0 in women, and the case incidence rates of BCC were 82.7 and 71.1, respectively. The patient incidence rates of SCC were 17.4 in men and 9.7 in women, and the case incidence rates were 20.4 and 10.2, respectively. The patient and case incidence rates of skin melanoma were about the same at 13.6 in men and 18.5 in women. Twenty-five per cent of the BCC patients and 14% of the SCC patients suffered from more than one BCC and SCC, respectively, during the 5-year period. Patient incidence rates of BCC and SCC substantially underestimate the burden of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the population.

Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Mortality in the United States, 1969 Through 1988

Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common malignancy in the United States. Despite its importance, patterns of mortality from this cause are poorly documented. Recent insights into sources of misclassification allow for more accurate estimation of these patterns. This investigation describes nonmelanoma skin cancer mortality in the United States during 1969 through 1988 on the basis of routine death certification and adjusts reported mortality data for two major sources of misclassification. Nonmelanoma skin cancer mortality rates decreased by approximately 20% to 30% for both men and women and for both whites and blacks, although the decline among blacks was less consistent than among whites. Mortality was greater among men than among women and greater among whites than among blacks, although the most pronounced difference was between white men and the other three racial/gender groups studied. Approximately 1200 deaths per year are attributable to nonmelanoma skin cancer. Nonmelanoma skin cancer mortality is diminishing despite increasing incidence. Mortality rates among blacks are extraordinarily high in comparison with their incidence rates. More careful attention to misclassification in mortality statistics is crucial for an accurate assessment of the public health burden of nonmelanoma skin cancer.