Health risk and disease burden of pork-derived nontyphoidal Salmonella in Chinese households: A quantitative microbiological risk assessment.

Trends in dengue incidence and disease burden in South Asia with special reference to India: Insights from the global burden of disease data, 1990-2021.

Predictive modeling of anxiety and depression DALYs in Indonesia before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study.

Spatiotemporal co-occurrence and shared exposure profiles of adolescent depressive disorders and asthma worldwide and in China (GBD 2021, 1990-2021): an ecological study with bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization.

To explore the geographical and risk factor trends associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data (1990-2021). Age-standardized T2DM incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the GBD for 204 countries stratified by sociodemographic index (SDI). Trends were analysed using joinpoint regression to compute average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) and mapping. Age-standardized burden estimates were calculated across 5-year age groups. Risk factor attribution was performed using Bayesian meta-regression and spatiotemporal analysis, illustrating the relative importance of each risk factor by bubble plots. From 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized incidence rate of T2DM increased (AAPC = 1.83%), with the most pronounced rises in low-middle SDI regions. Mortality slightly increased globally (AAPC = 0.30%) but declined in high-SDI regions. The burden was highest in middle-aged and elderly populations, with a concerning increase in adolescent cases. High body mass index (BMI) was the leading risk factor, estimated to account for 44.5% (95% UI: 19.0%-65.2%) of deaths and 51.9% (95% UI: 24.7%-71.5%) of DALYs in 2021, followed by ambient particulate matter pollution and physical inactivity. The contribution of dietary risks and air pollution varied significantly across SDI regions. Our analysis identifies high BMI, ambient air pollution and physical inactivity as the primary risk drivers of the global T2DM burden. All indicators increased most markedly in low-middle SDI regions, with substantial disparities across age and sex groups. These findings underscore the need for risk-specific and region-tailored preventive strategies.

Pancreatic cancer quality of care index trends, socioeconomic disparities, and future projections (1990-2035): A global epidemiological study.

To forecast the provincial supply of oncologists in South Africa through 2030 using a health need-based approach grounded in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and to identify shortfalls under scenarios aimed at reducing human resources for health (HRH) inequities as highlighted in Disease Control Priorities, Volume 3 (DCP-3). A retrospective forecasting study employing DALY-driven demand projections for oncology services in each of South Africa's nine provinces, with scenario analyses evaluating horizontal equity in HRH distribution. Age-standardized provincial DALYs for cancer were obtained from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease (IHME GBD) estimates via the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx). Mid-year population estimates for 2018 were sourced from Statistics South Africa. Using these metrics, we calculated DALY load per oncologist and projected oncologist requirements for 2020, 2025, and 2030. Under the best guess scenario, South Africa faces a shortfall of 47 oncologists in 2020, increasing to 97 by 2025 and 148 by 2030. The optimistic scenario yields national deficits of 77 (2020), 126 (2025), and 175 (2030). In the aspirational scenario, shortfalls climb to 138 (2020), 184 (2025), and 230 (2030). The Workforce Projection Model offers a replicable framework for low- and middle-income countries to assess oncology workforce needs, optimize HRH allocation, and plan capacity development to enhance equitable access to cancer care.

Simultaneous EEG and fMRI investigation of frontal alpha power and frontal alpha asymmetry in young adults with a history of major depressive disorder.

Communicable diseases platform (CDP): Real-Time clinical analytics for infections.

L. pneumophila is a waterborne respiratory pathogen that causes Pontiac Fever and Legionnaires' disease, two clinically significant diseases with increasing incidence in Europe. In this study, we develop a Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) framework on the risks of infection from showering in L. pneumophila-contaminated water supplies to inform health-based concentration targets and water quality monitoring programs. The developed QMRA model extends on previous work investigating the relationships between concentrations of L. pneumophila in water sources and infection, illness, and disease burden by incorporating dynamic pathogen concentrations in water and aerosol concentrations, extending the prior reliance on assumptions of constant, average concentrations over the exposure duration. When applying this approach to data collected from within a building in Switzerland at risk for legionellosis cases, we show that initial high concentrations of L. pneumophila in water and aerosols from hot showers contribute to risks above a commonly used benchmark for the acceptable infection risk (10-4 infections per person per year) within the first 1-2 min of showers. Extending the model to estimate critical concentrations of L. pneumophila suggests concentrations at or above 2.5 × 103 CFU/L to 1.6 × 106 CFU/L for first draw samples and 2.5 × 101 CFU/L to 1.0 × 103 CFU/L for samples obtained after flushing would increase infection risks above the benchmark, dependent on site-specific conditions including water temperature and shower head type. These critical values align with, but are less stringent than, values reported by previous studies for showers due to our consideration of dynamic aerosol concentrations. Sensitivity analysis suggests that controlling L. pneumophila concentrations in water is the most effective risk mitigation strategy. Ventilation to reduce risks is dependent on shower conditions but may be less effective. The QMRA model finds that consideration of dynamic L. pneumophila concentrations in water improves exposure estimates and therefore improve the risk assessment, informing the benefits of sampling strategies that assess both first draw and flush samples in routine water monitoring programs.

Cervical Cancer Incidence and Mortality Trends in China: The Role of Screening.

This study aimed to analyze the trends and disease burden of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) among women of childbearing age (15-49years) globally from 1992 to 2021, revealing temporal dynamics and regional disparities to provide scientific evidence for epidemiological research and public health policies. Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2021), this study employed the age-period-cohort (APC) model to analyze trends across different age groups, periods, and birth cohorts. Additionally, a Bayesian model was used to project the disease burden from 2022 to 2040. From 1992 to 2021, the global number of RA cases increased from approximately 202,000 to 327,000, with the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) rising from 15.34 to 16.57 per 100,000, representing an annual net drift of 0.42%. High Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions had the highest incidence (22.77/100,000 in 2021) but showed stable trends, while low SDI regions had the lowest incidence (7.84/100,000 in 2021) but exhibited faster growth (annual net drift of 0.75%). Middle-low SDI regions experienced the fastest growth in incidence (annual net drift of 1.07%). RA risk increased with age, peaking in the 45-49 age group. India saw a significant rise in RA cases, while China showed a declining trend. By 2040, the number of RA cases was projected to reach approximately 378000, with global ASIR expected to show moderate growth but persistent regional disparities. This study revealed the complex epidemiological landscape of RA among women of childbearing age, with global incidence continuing to rise, particularly in low- and middle-income regions. It emphasized the importance of region-specific prevention and management strategies to address the growing burden of RA. Key Points • A significant increase in RA cases globally, from approximately 202,000 in 1992 to 327,000 in 2021, with an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) rising from 15.34 to 16.57 per 100,000. • Regional disparities in RA burden, with high Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions showing the highest incidence (22.77/100,000 in 2021) but stable trends, while low and middle-low SDI regions exhibit the fastest growth (annual net drift of 0.75% and 1.07%, respectively). • Age-specific patterns, with RA risk peaking in the 45-49 age group.Projections indicating a continued rise in RA cases, reaching approximately 378000 by 2040, with persistent regional disparities. • This study highlights the complex epidemiological landscape of RA among women of childbearing age, emphasizing the need for region-specific prevention and management strategies to address the growing burden, particularly in low- and middle-income regions.

Real-world management and clinical outcomes of first line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma in older patients in Canada.

Epidemiology of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in northern Spain: A population-based study (2000-2024) and literature review.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between tinnitus severity, comorbidities, coexisting symptoms, and work productivity in adults with chronic tinnitus and quantitatively evaluate the disease burden and socioeconomic impact of tinnitus. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted in December 2024, enrolling 1101 adults aged ≥18 years who had experienced tinnitus symptoms for >3 months within the past year. Tinnitus severity was assessed using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and work productivity was assessed using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment-General Health (WPAI-GH) questionnaire. Productivity loss in monetary terms was estimated using data from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. Among the 1101 participants, 52.6 % were classified as having mild to severe tinnitus, indicating a clinically significant group. The proportion of comorbidities, such as anemia, anxiety, and insomnia, and coexisting symptoms, including sleep disorders and fatigue, increased with tinnitus severity. The most frequently reported timings at which tinnitus symptoms became bothersome were "when tired," "before falling asleep," and "when stressed," and these were more common as tinnitus severity increased. The median WPAI-GH outcomes were 0 % for absenteeism and 30.0 % for presenteeism, with overall work impairment and activity impairment significantly higher in groups with greater tinnitus severity than in the "no handicap" group (p < .001). Based on these values, the estimated monthly productivity loss was JPY 147,200 in the clinically significant group, with an annual loss of JPY 2.18 million in severe cases. This is the first study to evaluate the work productivity of individuals with tinnitus in Japan. Greater tinnitus severity was associated with a greater incidence of comorbidities, coexisting symptoms, and more frequent timings at which tinnitus symptoms became bothersome, reflecting an increased physical and psychological burden. Reduced presenteeism was a major factor influencing work productivity. By quantitatively demonstrating the socioeconomic impact of tinnitus, these findings provide evidence for developing future clinical guidelines for tinnitus management.

Pathophysiological impacts of particulate matter exposure on respiratory health and emerging biomarkers for early detection.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic genetic disorder causing severe pain, anemia, and systemic complications that negatively affect patients' physical and mental well-being. The aim of this global cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationship between oral pain medication (OPM) use frequency and health outcomes, emotional well-being, social participation, and satisfaction with care among people with SCD. Data were collected via an online survey across five continents from February to September 2024. A total of 123 participants were divided into two groups based on OPM use frequency: weekly or more (n=62) and once or twice a month (n=61). Participants in OPM weekly group reported poorer self-rated health, shortness of breath, more frequent hospitalizations, and missed school days due to SCD crises compared to the monthly group (p<0.05). However, use of treatments such as hydroxyurea and preventive screenings like transcranial Doppler was similar across groups. Emotional well-being also significantly differed in the weekly group, with lower happiness levels, difficulty in emotional regulation, and reduced social participation (p<0.01). Satisfaction with medical care was significantly lower among weekly OPM users (p<0.001). These findings suggest that higher OPM use is associated with poorer physical, emotional, and social outcomes. The results highlight the importance of comprehensive and multidisciplinary care approaches that may support the overall well-being of individuals with SCD and utilize OPM as a relevant clinical metric to assess disease burden in SCD. The authors have confirmed clinical trial registration is not needed for this submission.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and hospitalizations in infants, particularly during the first months of life. In December 2023, Argentina introduced maternal RSV immunization with the RSV-preF vaccine into its National Immunization Program. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of this strategy, implemented in 2024, on the burden of severe respiratory disease among infants under 6 months of age. We conducted a controlled before-and-after quasi-experimental study using active surveillance data from 3 sentinel pediatric hospitals in Argentina (2022-2024). Hospitalized LRTI cases in children under 5 years were included and stratified into 3 age groups: <6 months (intervention group), 6-11 months and 12-59 months (age-based controls). RSV and human metapneumovirus were confirmed by molecular methods. Hospitalization rates per 1000 all-cause discharges were calculated. Impact was estimated using rate ratios, incidence rate reduction (IRR) and crude difference-in-differences. A total of 4103 hospitalized LRTI cases were included. Among infants <6 months, all-cause LRTI hospitalization rates declined by 41% (IRR: 40.7%; 95% confidence interval: 29.7-49.9), and RSV-associated hospitalizations decreased by 35% (IRR: 34.9%; 95% confidence interval: 16.9-49.0) between pre- and post-intervention periods. An estimated 258 all-cause LRTI and 102 RSV LRTI-related hospitalizations were prevented in this age group. No significant changes were observed in older age groups or in human metapneumovirus-associated hospitalizations. Crude DiD analysis estimated an attributable impact of 15%-16%, although not statistically significant. Maternal RSV immunization was associated with a substantial reduction in LRTI and RSV-related hospitalizations among infants under 6 months. These findings support the use of this strategy to reduce severe respiratory illness during the RSV season.

Behind the plate: revealing the drivers of women's food choices in Senegal.

NIPSNAP3B elevates mitochondrial biogenesis to attenuate lipid accumulation in childhood obesity via AMPK pathway.