Buoyancy Ratio Parameter Research Articles

Boost heat transfer efficiency through thermal radiation and electrical conductivity in nanofluids

AbstractThermal radiation and electrical conductivity in nanofluids are crucial for their heat transfer characteristics, especially in applications with elevated temperatures or significant radiative heat transfer. The suspension of nanoparticles in suspension contributes to the fluid's electrical conductivity, which is essential for efficient heat dissipation in electronic cooling systems. Understanding the behavior of electroconductive nanofluids is particularly important in electronic cooling applications, where effective heat dissipation is crucial to prevent overheating. A study using a similarity parameter transformed a system of coupled PDEs into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, revealing significant changes in key physical characteristics, such as temperature distribution, cubic concentration field, and velocity field. The study also examined the effects of parameters like Brownian motion, Rayleigh number, Peclet number, thermophoresis parameter, and buoyancy ratio parameter. The research provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of magnetized non‐Newtonian nanofluids and offers practical implications for applications like microbial fuel cells and heat transmission equipment.

Mixed convection flow and heat-mass transfer of cross liquid near a stagnation region with Dufour, Soret effects and chemical reaction

Heat-mass transfer in a liquid flow over a stretching surface at a stagnation regime is significant in optimal manufacturing and quality assurance depending on the rheological behavior of viscoelastic fluids in process machinery. Stretching sheet flow at a stagnation point is a standard procedure used in the metallurgical industries for manufacturing of different equipment and cooling systems. Due to its various applications in industrial operations, the current study aims to explore the heat-mass transfer of buoyancy-driven flow of cross liquid over a stretching sheet at a stagnation point. The heat and mass transfer under the framework of Dufour and Soret effects, radiant heat, and chemical reactions are assessed. Furthermore, the analysis also takes into account the linear and nonlinear convection-diffusion phenomena. The model findings are obtained by merging the Bvp4c in MATLAB using a local similarity technique up to the fourth truncation threshold. The findings illustrate that the action of magnetic field can be used to control the flow across the sheet. Temperature increases with thermal radiation, Biot number and Dufour number. The action of buoyancy ratio parameter result in improvement in fluid flow. With increasing trend of magnetic and Weissenberg number, the flow field and skin friction coefficient drops.

Numerical study of third‐grade nanofluid flow with motile microorganisms under the mixed convection regime over a stretching cylinder

AbstractThe investigation of mixed convective flow involving microorganisms in nanofluid has garnered considerable interest in recent times owing to its extensive applicability in the biomedical domain. However, there has been a lack of study investigating a comprehensive parameter analysis for the flow of a third‐grade nanofluid around a cylinder in the presence of microorganisms. This study focuses on numerically investigating the flow of nanofluid around a stretched cylinder in the presence of motile microorganisms. The study also considers convective boundary conditions. Moreover, this study explores the nanofluid qualities related to Brownian motion and thermophoresis diffusion characteristics. The variable parameters include the Prandtl number (Pr), Peclet number (Pe), buoyancy ratio parameter (Nr), mixed convection parameter (), bioconvection Lewis number (Lb), Biot number (Bi), and Marangoni number (Ma). The bvp4c issue solver tool in MATLAB is used to numerically solve the nonlinear governing differential equations. The numerical model has been validated using prior papers. Graphical representations are created to depict several important measurements, such as velocity streamlines, velocity profiles, temperature distributions, nanoparticle concentrations, densities of gyrotactic motile microorganisms, local Nusselt numbers, skin friction, and Sherwood numbers. The link between the Nusselt number and the parameters Nt and Rd suggests that as Nt falls and Rd increases, the Nusselt number increases. The skin friction value is directly proportional to the values of Nr and Nc. There is a positive correlation between the rise in the local mass transfer rate and the values of Rd and Nt. The population of mobile microorganisms grows as the values of Lb and Pe decrease.

Passive control of bio-convective flow on Eyring–Powell nanofluid over a slippery surface with activation energy and magnetic impact

The current communication deliberates the consequences of the Darcy–Forchheimer flow of Eyring–Powell nanofluid past a slippery surface containing activation energy and motile microorganisms. The flow is influenced by the consequences of Brownian motion, thermal radiation, the Cattaneo–Christov heat-mass flux theory, and thermophoresis. The framed flow models are transformed into ordinary derivative equations by adopting appropriate conversion variables. The transformed equations are numerically tackled by using the bvp4c scheme in MATLAB. The study is remarkable for its comprehensive analysis of the interplay of several flow factors, such as the Forchheimer number, Richardson number, bioconvection Rayleigh number, radiation, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, thermal and mass relaxation time parameters. The outcomes are visualized through tables and diagrams, which provide significant insights into the intricate physical mechanisms involved in this multifaceted subject. Evidently, the velocity profile declines when there is a rise in the buoyancy ratio parameter and the opposite trend is obtained for the Richardson number. The temperature grows when there is a larger magnitude of the thermophoresis parameter and it reduces for greater values of the time relaxation parameter. The activation energy and mass relaxation parameters enhance the concentration profile. The microbe density increases when enhancing the quantity of Peclet number and it declines for bioconvection Lewis number.

Analysis of the tri-hybrid Maxwell nanofluid flow with temperature-dependent thermophysical characteristics on static and dynamic surfaces employing Levenberg-Marquardt artificial neural networks

Using the Levenberg-Marquardt Artificial Neural Network (LM-ANN) model, this study applies computational neuroscience to the analysis of flow, heat, and mass transport characteristics. The novel characteristics of MHD Maxwell tri-hybrid nanofluid passing through static and moving wedge with temperature-dependent thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity, viscosity, diffusivity, and electrical field) in permeable, radiative, and mixed convection processes are investigated in this paper. Nonlinear PDEs are transformed into nonlinear ODEs using similarity variables. A dataset for the LM-ANN is generated across various scenarios by varying parameters such as the temperature-dependent viscosity parameter ( 0.07 − 0.1 ) , variable diffusivity parameter ( 0.4 − 2.5 ) , thermal buoyancy parameter ( 0.1 − 0.5 ) , nonlinear thermal buoyancy parameter ( 0.2 − 0.5 ) , thermal radiation ( 1 − 1.5 ) , buoyancy ratio parameter ( 0.2 − 0.5 ) , chemical reaction parameter ( 1 − 3 ) , and Schmidt number ( 1 − 3 ) using the Bvp5c numerical algorithm. The testing, training, and validation procedure of LM-ANN is utilized to examine the estimated solutions of specific situations, and the proposed algorithm is then validated. After that, the proposed LM-ANN is validated using regression analysis, MSE, and histogram analysis. The prescribed approach impeccably mirrors the recommended and cited findings, evincing a precision level within the realm of 10−9. Results indicate that increasing the permeability parameter from 1 to 1.2 and the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity parameter from 0.4 to 2.5 enhances the Nusselt number. Additionally, increasing the chemical reaction parameter from 1 to 3 leads to an increase in the Sherwood number. The significance of this study lies in its potential applications in industries such as aerospace, chemical processing, and energy systems, where efficient heat and mass transfer processes are crucial. For instance, the findings can be applied to enhance cooling techniques in high-performance aerospace components, optimize reactor designs in chemical plants, and improve thermal management in power generation systems.

Lie scaling transformations for the analysis of MHD flow with radiation, Soret, and Dufour effects as well as viscous dissipation across a convective surface during triple diffusion

The dynamics of an incompressible, triple-diffusive medium flowing across a linearly stretched surface are examined in this study, taking into account the effects of radiation, viscous dissipation, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and the Boussinesq approximation. The work uses simulations to investigate how the combined effects of Soret (thermal-diffusion) and Dufour (diffusion-thermo) phenomena interact with MHD restrictions. Using the Lie-group transformation approach, the goal is to find symmetry reductions in the governing partial differential equations. The method of Runge-Kutta shooting is used to solve the modified system of equations. To show the effects of key factors, such as the buoyancy ratio and magnetic field parameters, a visual analysis is performed. The results show that for both fluid flow scenarios, a rise in the magnetic field parameter causes a drop in the velocity profile, with velocity gradients decreasing by a good percentage. Similar to this, changes in the buoyancy ratio factors cause notable adjustments to the distributions of salt concentrations. When the magnetic parameter varies, the Nusselt number decreases approximately 14.29 %. While interesting behavior is depicted in triple diffusion scenarios, the Nusselt number increase approximately 9.52%. when values of soret effect Sr varies, the percentage of Sherwood number Shr in double diffusion decreases by 40% whereas in triple diffusion the Sherwood number increase interestingly about 33.33%. The precision and dependability of the conclusions are verified by contrasting the simulation results with previously published research.

Dynamics of magneto-bioconvection thermal casson nanofluid with activation energy and joule heating

As nanotechnology is expanding its application in engineering science, it provides ample opportunities to explore fluid properties with the help of nanoparticles for growing significance in different industries. Heat and energy management are the major concerned areas to the industries as well as researchers. This article carried out the investigation of gyrotactic microorganisms incorporated in Casson nanofluid, with activation energy, Hall, Joule heating, and other parameters. The major interest of this article was to explore the characteristic of the bioconvective magneto Casson nanofluid by analyzing the influence of the key parameters on the heat, flow, concentration and microbial concentration profiles. Thepreliminary borderline circumstances with prevailing partial differential equations by use of appropriate similarity variations were rewritten as ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and ultimate borderline environments correspondingly. Furthermore, we used the Spectral Quasi-Linearization (SQLM) method for the numerical calculation of ODEs to get the consequences of the key parameters. Analysis of the flow in both directions i.e. the tangential and circumferential, temperature, solutal, and microbial distribution with activation energy, and the ion-slip, Hall current, and other interesting parameters was done by their pictorial views. The quantities of physical attention were examined and reflected the flattering outcomes. The increasing Casson nanofluid parameter reduces the velocity outline of the flow while expanding the temperature outline, on the other side the microbial, and solutal profiles was enriched by the rising values of the activation energy constraint. The rising of temperature profile has been observed for the increasing values of the thermal radiation as well as buoyancy ratio parameters. The effect of different parameters on engineering interest quantities was also considered. The growing Casson fluid parameter, minimize the local Nusselt number approximately 43%, while the quantities of local Sherwood and local density of microbial increase by approximately 16% and 22%, correspondingly. The local Nusselt number decreases about 87%, however, the local quantities of Sherwood, and density of microbial increase by about 13% and 12%, respectively for increasing values of thermal radiation.

Incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations enhanced by hybrid artificial intelligence for investigating magnetic field influence on double diffusion in an arc-shaped cavity

Optimizing heat and mass transfer of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material (NEPCM) within complex geometries has numerous practical applications across various industries. These include enhancing the performance of heat exchangers, improving the efficiency of solar energy systems, optimizing the cooling of electronic devices, designing more efficient energy systems, and enhancing the processing efficiency in food industry applications. The incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method with artificial intelligence (AI) are joined to handle the thermosolutal convection of NEPCM inside an arc shape. Different lengths of heat/mass sources are considered in this work. The embedded tree fin is maintained at low temperature and concentration with zero velocities. AI predicted accurately the mean Nusselt and Sherwood numbers by integration with the ISPH simulations that have been done. Heat and mass transmission were investigated for various lengths of partial heat/mass sources, fractional time derivative, Frank-Kamenetskii number, Hartmann number, Rayleigh number, buoyancy ratio parameter, Soret number, Lewis number, and Dufour number. Expanded lengths of heat/mass sources in arc borders improved heat and mass transport inside an arc shape. The fractional time derivative helps in reducing the computing time necessary to achieve a steady state. The Rayleigh number supports the buoyancy forces that raise the velocity field and temperature and concentration distributions inside an arc shape. By including an arc-shaped cooling tree fin, the magnetic field, Lewis number, and buoyancy ratio characteristics are reduced. The Frank-Kamenetskii number contributes to better temperature dispersion. Examples of heat/mass transfer in an arc form with a tree fin include heat exchangers, solar cells, energy systems, electronic device cooling, and food processors.

Computational Analysis of Magneto Bioconcvection Casson Nanofluid Flow Containing Gyrotactic Microbes: A Bio-Microsystemtechnology and Bio-Fuel Cells Application

Scientists and researchers have been captivated by the field of nanotechnology research, drawn to its diverse applications such as cancer treatment, pharmaceuticals, aircraft manufacturing, nano-robot technology, bionano advancements, heat exchange instruments, engine coolant use, microelectronics, water distillation, pharmaceutical procedures, and rubber materials. Incorporating gyrotactic microbes into nanoparticles is crucial for enhancing the thermal efficiency of various systems, including microbial fuel cells, bacteria-powered micro-mixers, micro-volumes such as microfluidic devices, enzyme biosensors, and chip-shaped microdevices like bio-microsystems.This study focuses on investigating the bioconvectional flow of Casson nanofluid, incorporating nano-particles, gyrotactic micro-organisms, and thermal radiation, passing through a needle. The bioconvection fluid is formed through the combined effects of Lorentz forces, a magnetic field, and the interaction of motile micro-organisms with nanoparticles. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using resemblance transformations, and the solution is obtained through the BVP4C solver shooting technique. The numerical results are presented using MATLAB, depicted in figures and tabular formats. The findings, interpreted from a physical standpoint, reveal that fluid flow decreases with an increase in bioconvection Rayleigh number and buoyancy ratio parameter. Thermal flow, on the other hand, increases with a rise in Brownian motion parameter and thermophoresis effect parameter. Concentration profiles decrease with an increase in thermophoresis parameter and Lewis number, while motile microorganism profiles decline with an augmentation in Peclet number and bioconvection Lewis number.

Numerical comparison of nonlinear thermal radiation and chemically reactive bio-convection flow of Casson-Carreau nano-liquid with gyro-tactic microorganisms: Lie group theoretic approach

The current research presents a mathematical model to study the flow of a non-Newtonian magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Casson-Carreau nanofluid (CCNF) over a stretching porous surface, considering mass and heat transport rates with Stefan blowing, non-linear thermal radiation, heat source-sink, chemical reaction, thermophoretic and Brownian motions, convective heating, Joule heating, motile microorganisms, and bio-convection. The presence of microorganisms is utilized to control the suspension of nanomaterials within the nanofluid. The current flow model has been rendered by the boundary layer approximation and we get the highly nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). These nonlinear PDEs are simplified by the novel Lie group theoretic method. The one-parameter Lie scaling method simplified the PDEs and convert it into the ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Numerical solutions for these ODEs are obtained using the bvp4c scheme built-in function in MATLAB, ensuring reliable outcomes for temperature, velocity, concentration, and motile microorganism density profiles. The numerical results are presented through graphs and compared with available data, showing good agreement. These numerical outcomes reveal several important flow characteristics. Rates of change for Nr are 0.0007 and 0.0005, and for Ω, they are −0.0754 and −0.0536, respectively. Similarly, the rate of change for Rb in both models is −0.002 and −0.0002. Analysis shows a positive impact of the bioconvection Rayleigh number in both models, notably higher for the Casson fluid compared to the Carreau fluid model. Buoyancy ratio parameter exhibits consistent rates of change, while the reduction in impact is more pronounced for the Casson fluid model in the case of the mixed bioconvection parameter. The mixed bio-convection parameter reduces momentum velocity for both Casson and Carreau fluids, whereas the Darcy parameter boosts fluid velocity. As the Newtonian heating parameter increases, the temperature velocity distribution of both fluids also increases. The concentration profile of both Casson-Carreau fluid phases declines as the heat source-sink parameter and Schmidt number increase. Microbial velocity shows a decrease with increasing R values, whereas the opposite trend is observed for the Peclet number Pe.

Effect of inclined Lorentzian force on radiated nanoflow Williamson model under asymmetric energy source/sink: Keller box method

An asymmetric energy source/sink can be designed to efficiently convert ambient energy into usable forms; this could have applications in micro-/nanoscale power generation, i.e., energy harvesting. The asymmetric energy source/sink and inclined Lorentzian force could be used to control the flow of fluids within these devices. This study numerically investigates the model of a Williamson nanofluid influenced by an angled magnetic force and an asymmetric energy input/output on a stretching surface with a convective wall boundary condition. The partial differential equations connected to the momentum, energy, and concentration equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by applying relevant similar variables. The obtained ODEs are handled by the Thomas algorithm and a finite difference in the Keller box method. A thorough examination of a change in velocity, temperature, and concentration is done for all the relevant parameters. A higher buoyancy ratio parameter lowers the streamline density. As far as the numerical method is concerned, the Keller box method gives the highest convergence value when compared to other methods, so we use this method to investigate the sleeping behavior of the Williamson nanofluid. The energy source decreases the non-Newtonian passing surface friction. The concentration gradient increases for an increasing value of the chemical reaction parameter. A decreased diffusion rate is seen for increasing Brownian number, while the opposite behavior is noticed for the thermophoretic parameter. The wall friction coefficient increases for augmenting We but decreases for the angled Lorentzian force. Except for radiation, energy transfer is high in all other flows, affecting parameters such as A, B, Nb, Nt, and Pr. By controlling the magnetic field, MHD heat exchangers can manipulate heat transfer rates for various industrial applications. In fusion reactors, strong magnetic fields confine hot plasma, and understanding the interaction between the field and heat sources is crucial for efficient energy generation.

Thermal analysis of 3D viscoelastic micropolar nanofluid with cattaneo-christov heat via exponentially stretchable sheet: Darcy-forchheimer flow exploration

This article presents a comprehensive study on the thermal behavior of a three dimensional viscoelastic micropolar nanofluid under the inspiration of Cattaneo-Christov heat conduction model. The nanofluid is subject to an exponentially stretchable sheet and the flow is characterized by Darcy-Forchheimer formulation. Similarity variables are used to convert viscoelastic nanofluids PDEs into ODEs. MATLAB platform with bvp4c command is used to solve resulting ODE. The impact of involving parameters such that velocity ratio, Schmidt number, Prandtl number, Peclet number, Forchheimer number, buoyancy ratio parameter, Brownian motion, Heat source, Magnetic parameter on velocity profiles, rotation, temperature concentration and density profiles via graphs and tables. Temperature curve is improved up for magnetic parameters, temperature exponent parameter and thermopherosis parameter while significance loss is noted for increasing value of Prandtl number Pr and relaxation time λT. This research bears significance in applications related to advanced heat exchangers, microfluidic systems, and other emerging technologies where the interplay of nanofluids, viscoelasticity, and non-local heat conduction is of paramount importance.

Integrating artificial intelligence with numerical simulations of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux on thermosolutal convection of nano-enhanced phase change materials in Bézier-annulus

The numerical analysis based on incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) is introduced to examine the impacts of Cattaneo-Christov (Ca-Ch) heat flux and exothermic chemical reaction on thermosolutal convection of nano-enhanced phase change materials (NEPCM) in Bézier-annulus. The used annulus is formed between inner connected Bézier curves and outer connected spline-Bézier curves. The inner shape of connected Bézier curves is maintained at Th&Ch, left/right walls of spline-Bézier curves are kept at Tc&Cc and other walls are adiabatic. The governing equations, after being converted into non-dimensional form, have been solved by ISPH which is an accurate meshless algorithm the treatment of internal flows inside complex geometries. The simulations are executed for Frank-Kamenetskii number FK, Ca-Ch heat flux δC, buoyancy ratio parameter N, Soret-Dufour numbers SrDu, Rayleigh number Ra, and nanoparticle parameter φ on thermosolutal convection of a suspension fluid. From the numerical simulation values for the average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers (Nu¯, Sh¯) were obtained for some fluid flow scenarios. Then, based on those values an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict the values of Nu¯, and Sh¯ without the need to perform the ordinary simulations again for the new cases which is a high cost compared to ANN. From the obtained simulations, it was concluded that the ANN model is an accurate tool to be used to predict the needed values. Also, the Frank-Kamenetskii number significantly influences the enhancement process of the temperature distributions and velocity field as well as phase change material in Bézier-annulus.

Volumetric thermo-convective and stratified prandtl fluid magnetized flow over an extended convectively inclined surface with chemically reactive species

Substantive applications of stratified flows have been observed in various industrial operating systems. Stratified flows driven by gravity differences possess pervasive significance in the performance of nuclear reactors along with the management of safety problems due to pressurized thermal shock and induced water condensation. In addition, thermos-gravitational stratified regimes also play an exclusive role in multiphase processes in diversified engineering disciplines. Therefore, this artifact investigates the thermal and solutally stratified Prandtl fluid flow over an inclined extendable surface with magnetic field aspects. Convective boundary constraints are prescribed at the surface of the sheet and chemical reaction of first-order is also accounted. Firstly, problem formulation is conceded in the form of PDEs which are later transformed into ODEs by employing a similar set of variables. Then these ODEs are solved by employing the shooting method in collaboration with the Runge–Kutta scheme. A comparison of results in a restrictive sense with outcomes attained from an analytical approach to analyze the robustness and accuracy of currently employed schemes is also executed. The results expressing the behavior of the involved parameters on flow distributions are revealed in graphical and tabular formats. It is revealed that the heat and mass flux coefficients increase by up to 41% and 22%, respectively, in the presence of stratification in comparison to the situation when it is absent. The velocity of the fluid is accelerated by uplifting the angle of inclination and buoyancy ratio parameters. By increasing the magnitude of the model flow parameters, the fluid velocity increased. The Prandtl number tends to reduce the temperature and elevate the heat-flux coefficient. The velocity distribution showed a positive trend with the change in the angle of inclination.

Magnetotactic bacteria and Fe3O4–water in a wavy walled cavity

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction between magnetotactic bacteria and Fe3O4–water nanofluid (NF) in a wavy enclosure in the presence of 2D natural convection flow.Design/methodology/approachUniform magnetic field (MF), Brownian and thermophoresis effects are also contemplated. The dimensionless, time-dependent equations are governed by stream function, vorticity, energy, nanoparticle concentration and number of bacteria. Radial basis function-based finite difference method for the space derivatives and the second-order backward differentiation formula for the time derivatives are performed. Numerical outputs in view of isolines as well as average Nusselt number, average Sherwood number and flux density of microorganisms are presented.FindingsConvective mass transfer rises if any of Lewis number, Peclet number, Rayleigh number, bioconvection Rayleigh number and Brownian motion parameter increases, and the flux density of microorganisms is an increasing function of Rayleigh number, bioconvection Rayleigh number, Peclet number, Brownian and thermophoresis parameters. The rise in buoyancy ratio parameter between 0.1 and 1 and the rise in Hartmann number between 0 and 50 reduce all outputs average Nusselt, average Sherwood numbers and flux density of microorganisms.Research limitations/implicationsThis study implies the importance of the presence of magnetotactic bacteria and magnetite nanoparticles inside a host fluid in view of heat transfer and fluid flow. The limitation is to check the efficiency on numerical aspect. Experimental observations would be more effective.Practical implicationsIn practical point of view, in a heat transfer and fluid flow system involving magnetite nanoparticles, the inclusion of magnetotactic bacteria and MF effect provide control over fluid flow and heat transfer.Social implicationsThis is a scientific study. However, this idea may be extended to sustainable energy or biofuel studies, too. This means that a better world may create better social environment between people.Originality/valueThe presence of magnetotactic bacteria inside a Fe3O4–water NF under the effect of a MF is a good controller on fluid flow and heat transfer. Since the magnetotactic bacteria is fed by nanoparticles Fe3O4 which has strong magnetic property, varying nanoparticle concentration and Brownian and thermophoresis effects are first considered.

Finite element solutions of Double diffusion effects on three-dimensional MHD Nano-Powell-Erying fluid flow in presence of thermal and mass Biot numbers

This work uses a numerical method to investigate the effects of diffusion on the flow of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluids. The applicable equations for this problem are derived from the Nano-Powell-Erying fluid model. The result of the differential equation is calculated by solving the problem using the finite element method. The numerical solutions are used to study the three-dimensional structures with the flow of nanofluid to investigate the influence of well-known fluid parameters. The study found that the Hartmann number and buoyancy ratio parameter have a significant impact on the velocity profile, while the Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters, as well as the thermal and mass Biot numbers, are the main factors influencing the temperature and concentration fields. This study aims to analyse the effect of two different parameters on the flow of MHD nanofluids to improve our basic understanding of this phenomenon. The findings that were produced are compared to the previous work and incipiently, the present numerical results are veritably in good agreement with the previous results. The results of this study can be useful for the optimization and design of various engineering applications.

MODELING THE INFLUENCE OF NANOPARTICLES AND GYROTACTIC MICROORGANISMS ON NATURAL CONVECTION IN A HEATED SQUARE CAVITY USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK (ANN)

The phenomenon of natural convection, which is widely used in nature and engineering applications, is a current issue that can be encountered in every field of daily life. In this study, the natural convection characteristics of a complex liquid containing nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms in a heated square cavity were investigated using artificial neural network approach. The Nusselt number, average Sherwood number of nanoparticles, and average Sherwood number of microorganisms were considered as natural convection parameters and an artificial neural network model was developed to estimate these values. The Lewis number, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, and buoyancy ratio parameter values were defined as input parameters in the network model, which has a multilayer perceptron architecture developed with a total of 24 datasets. There were 10 neurons in the hidden layer of the network model, which has a Bayesian regularization training algorithm. The outputs obtained from the network model were compared with the target values; in addition, the prediction performance of the model was extensively analyzed using various performance parameters. It was seen that the predicted values obtained from the neural network and the target values were in an ideal harmony. On the other hand, the value of the coefficient of determination for the network model was 0.99999% and the mean deviation rates were lower than -0.03%. The results of the study showed that the developed neural network model can predict the natural convection parameters discussed with high accuracy.

Nonlinear thermal radiation and the slip effect on a 3D bioconvection flow of the Casson nanofluid in a rotating frame via a homotopy analysis mechanism

Abstract This theoretical work suggests a novel nonlinear thermal radiation and an applied magnetic feature-based three-dimensional Casson nanomaterial flow. This flow is assumed in the rotating frame design. Gyrotactic microorganisms (GMs) are utilized in the Casson nanofluid to investigate bioconvection applications. The altered Buongiorno thermal nano-model is used to understand the thermophoretic and Brownian mechanisms. Convective boundary conditions must be overcome to solve the flow problem. With suitable variables, the dimensionless pattern of equations is obtained. The solutions to the nonlinear formulations are then obtained using semi-analytical simulations using a homotopy analysis mechanism. It was found that the velocity outline is enhanced with the enhancing estimations of the buoyancy ratio, rotation factor, and Casson parameter while it is reduced with mixed convection, porosity, slippery parameters, and Rayleigh number. The temperature profile is increased with radiation, the temperature ratio, the thermophoretic parameter, the Brownian parameter, and the Biot number. The Brownian parameter reasons an improvement in the concentration outline contrary to the thermophoretic parameter. The concentration of GMs is decreased with the Peclet number inversely to the Lewis number effect, which causes an increase in the microorganisms’ concentration.

Unsteady Boundary Layer Heat and Mass Transfer Flow of Nanofluid Over Porous Stretching Sheet with Non-Uniform Heat Generation/Absorption and Double Stratification

The influence of thermal radiation and stratification process on unsteady MHD flow over stretching sheet embedded in “nanofluid saturated porous medium with non-uniform heat source/sink was analyzed numerically in the present analysis. Proper similarity transformations reduce the nonlinear partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations and are solved numerically by using Galerkin Finite element method. Impact of different parameters, such as, magnetic parameter (0.1–1.0), buoyancy ratio parameter (0.1–4.5), radiation parameter (0.5–1.7), Rayleigh number (0.1–0.7), thermophoresis parameter (0.4–1.5), thermal stratification parameter (0.01–1.0), Brownian motion parameter (1.0–2.0), solutal stratification parameter (0.01–1.0), unsteadiness parameter (0.1–0.4), space–dependent (-0.5–0.4) and temperature dependent (-0.5–0.2) heat source/sink parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles is calculated and are illustrated graphically. Skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt and Sherwood number are calculated and the results are shown in tabular form. It is found that the thermal stratification parameter deteriorates the temperature of the fluid. The concentration of the fluid diminishes with rising values of solutal stratification parameter. The thermal boundary layer thickness elevates” with higher values of Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters.

Peristaltic flow of a bioconvective sutterby nanofluid in a flexible microchannel with compliant walls: Application to hemodynamic instability

A theoretical investigation is conducted for bioconvective peristaltic transport of a non-Newtonian nanofluid through a porous symmetric channel with compliant walls. The Sutterby nanofluid model is utilized to characterize the fluid under an applied magnetic field. The use of radiative heat flux along with the heat source and the thermodynamics energizes the flow phenomena. In addition, the novelty of the present study is to analyze the behavior of bioconvective Sutterby nanofluid in a chemically reactive porous channel with heat and mass transfer aspects. To reduce the complexity of the system, we used a long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximation. Furthermore, to tackle the dimensionless equations related to the flow phenomena, numerical computations are performed by utilizing MATLAB's built-in bvp5c function. The consequences of the pertinent parameters on the flow characteristics are presented through tables and graphs. An increase in both the Darcy number and the buoyancy ratio parameters raises the velocity distribution of a Sutterby nanofluid. The magnitude of the thermal field is enhanced in a symmetric channel with a rising Eckert number and the energy generation parameter. The thermophoresis diffusion parameter strengthens the temperature profile but decreases the concentration of the Sutterby nanofluid. We believe that the outcomes of this study have a wide range of implications to targeted drug delivery, the pharmaceutical industry, thermal devices, biosensors, sustainable fuel cell technologies, and solar systems.