Bulk Polymerization Technique Research Articles

Bright Nanocomposites based on Quantum Dot‐Initiated Photocatalysis

Integrating quantum dots (QDs) into polymer matrix to form nanocomposites without compromising the QD photoluminescence (PL) is crucial to emerging QD light‐emitting and solar energy conversion fields. However, the most widely‐used bulk polymerization technique, where monomers serve as the QD solvent, usually leads to QD PL quenching caused by radical initiators. Here we demonstrate high‐brightness nanocomposites with near‐unity PL quantum yield (QY), through a novel QDs‐catalyzed (‐initiated) bulk polymerization without using any radical initiators. Different from previous reports where QDs were designed as photo‐sensitizers/catalysts (always with cocatalysts) and hence non‐emissive in catalytic conditions, our QDs combine high brightness with highly effective catalysis, a combination that was previously considered to be hardly possible. In our case, apart from emitting light (at a large probability), the photoexcited QDs act as ‘overall reaction’ catalysts by simultaneously employing photoexcited electrons and holes to produce active radicals without the need of any sacrificial agents. These active radicals, though with a small amount, are sufficient to initiate effective chain reaction‐dominated bulk polymerization, eliminating the requirement of extra radical initiators. This study provides new insights for understanding and development of QDs for energy applications.

Bright Nanocomposites based on Quantum Dot-Initiated Photocatalysis.

Integrating quantum dots (QDs) into polymer matrix to form nanocomposites without compromising the QD photoluminescence (PL) is crucial to emerging QD light-emitting and solar energy conversion fields. However, the most widely-used bulk polymerization technique, where monomers serve as the QD solvent, usually leads to QD PL quenching caused by radical initiators. Here we demonstrate high-brightness nanocomposites with near-unity PL quantum yield (QY), through a novel QDs-catalyzed (-initiated) bulk polymerization without using any radical initiators. Different from previous reports where QDs were designed as photo-sensitizers/catalysts (always with cocatalysts) and hence non-emissive in catalytic conditions, our QDs combine high brightness with highly effective catalysis, a combination that was previously considered to be hardly possible. In our case, apart from emitting light (at a large probability), the photoexcited QDs act as 'overall reaction' catalysts by simultaneously employing photoexcited electrons and holes to produce active radicals without the need of any sacrificial agents. These active radicals, though with a small amount, are sufficient to initiate effective chain reaction-dominated bulk polymerization, eliminating the requirement of extra radical initiators. This study provides new insights for understanding and development of QDs for energy applications.

Bulk and Precipitation Polymerization Techniques in Alpha Mangostin Imprinted Polymers Synthesis

Bulk and Precipitation Polymerization Techniques in Alpha Mangostin Imprinted Polymers Synthesis

Segmented shape memory polyurethane: Influence of soft segment types and length

Shape-memory polyurethanes (SMPUs) with heat induced characteristic can be altered to a programmed shape and return to its original shape upon thermal stimuli. SMPU has prompted a lot of interest for various applications such as biomedical appliances, fabrics, coatings, and sensors. In this study, a series of polyols (polycaprolactone (PCL), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG)) with different molecular weight were used to synthesize SMPU together with 4,4-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI) as diisocyanate, and 1,4-butanediol (BD) as chain-extender via two-step bulk polymerization technique. Palm kernel oil-based polyol (PKO-p) was introduced as part of the soft segment. The SMPUs were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), shape memory and tensile tests. The results showed that SMPU with lower molecular weight (PU-PCL2) achieved higher tensile strength (7.58 MPa) compared to higher molecular weight of PCL (1.55 MPa) apparently due to the low crystallinity. Moreover, PEG based SMPU (PU-PEG3) exhibited good shape memory property with 82% of shape fixity and shape recovery of more than 80%. It was revealed that the variation in molecular weight of the soft segments provides significant effects on the tensile and shape memory properties of SMPU.

Micropatterning of acoustic droplet vaporization in acoustically-responsive scaffolds using extrusion-based bioprinting

Acoustically-responsive scaffolds (ARSs) are composite hydrogels that respond to ultrasound in an on-demand, spatiotemporally-controlled manner due to the presence of a phase-shift emulsion. When exposed to ultrasound, a gas bubble is formed within each emulsion droplet via a mechanism termed acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV). In previous in vitro and in vivo studies, we demonstrated that ADV can control regenerative processes by releasing growth factors and/or modulating micromechanics in ARSs. Precise, spatial patterning of emulsion within an ARS could be beneficial for ADV-induced modulation of biochemical and biophysical cues. However, precise patterning is limited using conventional bulk polymerization techniques. Here, we developed an extrusion-based method for bioprinting ARSs with micropatterned structures. Emulsions were loaded within bioink formulations containing fibrin, hyaluronic acid and/or alginate. Experimental as well as theoretical studies elucidated the interrelations between printing parameters, needle geometry, rheological properties of the bioink, and the process-induced mechanical stresses during bioprinting. The shear thinning properties of the bioinks enabled use of lower extrusion pressures resulting in decreased shear stresses and shorter residence times, thereby facilitating high viability for cell-loaded bioinks. Bioprinting yielded greater alignment of fibrin fibers in ARSs compared to conventionally polymerized ARSs. Bioprinted ARSs also enabled generation of ADV at high spatial resolutions, which were otherwise not achievable in conventional ARSs, and acoustically-driven collapse of ADV-induced bubbles. Overall, bioprinting could aid in optimizing ARSs for therapeutic applications.

Effect of macro and molecular initiators on the structure-property relationship of poly(ε-caprolactone)

Ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) was carried out by bulk polymerization technique using stannous octoate (SO) as a catalyst and in the presence of macro or molecular initiator for 5 h under inert atmosphere with mild stirring. The % yield of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) obtained was calculated and compared based on the chemical structure of macro and molecular initiators. Various analytical techniques such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR, XPS, GPC, DSC, TGA, SEM and WCA were used to characterize the PCL. The FT-IR spectrum showed the C=O stretching around ∼1725 cm−1. The aromatic proton signal of isoeugenol (IE) initiator appeared at 7–8 ppm in the proton NMR spectrum. The experimental results obtained were compared with the literature values.

3D-poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate)/divinyl benzene-2D-nanosheet composite networks for organic solvents and crude oil spill cleanup

Herein, we report 3D-cross-linked polymer-2D-nanosheet composite networks for various organic solvents and crude oil spill cleanup. The 3D-cross-linked polystyrene-polymethyl methacrylate/divinyl benzene (PS-PMMA/DVB) with 2D-nanosheets of either boron nitride or commercial graphene (PS-PMMA/DVB-2D-nanosheets) composite absorbents has been successfully prepared by bulk polymerization technique. The effect of the crosslinker concentration (DVB), the 2D-nanosheets, and its weight ratio in the 3D-cross-linked polymer composite absorbents has been optimized based on the demonstrated absorption capacities for the oil and different organic solvents. The preparation of the 3D-cross-linked polymer composite absorbents has been carried out by the in situ one-step bulk polymerization method using styrene (S) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomers, crosslinker (DVB), the 2D-nanosheets, and AIBN as an initiator at 70 °C. The 3D-cross-linked composite absorbents were characterized by FT-IR, thermal, and mechanical analyses. The 3D-cross-linked PS-PMMA/DVB-2D-nanosheets absorbents have demonstrated excellent absorption capacities for both organic solvents and crude oil. The absorption kinetics for all the studied organic solvents and oil from the water was found to be pseudo-second-order kinetics. The thermodynamics of the absorption process indicates that the process is spontaneous and endothermic.

Superabsorbent polymer: application in natural rubber for making rubber roofing sheets

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to prepare superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) based on acrylic acid, which is considered hygroscopic material to incorporate in rubber formulation, which results in producing moisten rubber that is used as roofing sheets.Design/methodology/approachSAPs were synthesized via free radical bulk polymerization technique using different content of cross-linker N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate. Differential scanning calorimeter, thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize SAPs and confirmed the formation of cross-linked hydrogel structure. The water absorbency and the gel fraction for sodium polyacrylate (NaPA) were investigated. Then, the influence of obtained NaPA on the swelling behavior of the prepared natural rubber (NR) compound has been discussed.FindingsAbsorption characteristics and gel fraction of NaPA were found to depend on the content of the cross-linker in the system. SAPs are used to improve the absorbance behavior and performance of the NR to produce, roofing sheets using in hot weather. The morphology of the obtained rubber compound was well-explained by using a scanning electron microscope.Research limitations/implicationsThe research provides a simple way to produce moisten rubber that can be used as a roofing sheet to overcome warm weather.Originality/valueMoisten rubber roofing sheets provide a low-cost option in many developing countries with hot climates, and thus, help save the environment from global warming.

Biocompatible macro, micro and nano scale guar gum hydrogels and their protein absorption capacity

This work describes the preparation and characterization of different guar gum (GG) hydrogels at different sizes to be used for protein absorption. GG macrogels and micro/nanogels were synthesized through chemical crosslinking via bulk polymerization and reverse micelle microemulsion techniques, respectively, and high yields, for example, 94 ± 4% and 91 ± 6% were obtained. GG micro/nanogels with spherical shape and smooth surface were separated in the range of 1–10 µm and 300–900 nm by the filtration process. The blood compatibility assay revealed that GG micro/nanogels were blood compatible up to 2 mg/mL concentration with maximum 1.59 ± 0.97% hemolysis ratio and minimum 84 ± 2.6% blood clotting index. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that linear GG inhibited cell viability at ≥250 µg/mL concentrations, whereas no significant difference was obtained up to 1000 µg/mL concentration when compared to the control groups statistically (p > .05). It was further demonstrated that GG micro/nanogels retain great potential to absorb hemoglobin and lysozyme with 59 ± 7 and 20 ± 8 mg/g absorption capacity at pH 7.4. Furthermore, the absorption capacity of the negatively charged GG micro/nanogels could be augmented by adjusting the pH conditions down to the isoelectric point (IP) of the proteins.

Microwave Irradiation Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced-(Graphene Oxide-(Polystyrene-Polymethyl Methacrylate))/Silver Nanoparticle Nanocomposites and their Anti-Microbial Activity.

Herein, we report a facile process for the preparation of styrene and methyl-methacrylate copolymer nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles ((R-(GO-(PS-PMMA))/AgNPs)) by using (i) microwave irradiation (MWI) to obtain R-(GO-(PS-PMMA))/AgNPs and (ii) the in situ bulk polymerization technique to produce RGO/AgNPs-(PS-PMMA). Various characterization techniques, including FT-IR, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, DSC, and TGA analysis, were used to characterize the prepared nanocomposites. The Berkovich nanoindentation method was employed to determine the hardness and elastic modulus of the nanocomposites. The results showed that the MWI-produced nanocomposites were found to have enhanced morphological, structural, and thermal properties compared with those of the nanocomposites prepared by the in situ method. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the prepared nanocomposites against the E. coli HB 101 K-12 was investigated, whereby an inhibition zone of 3 mm (RGO/AgNPs-(PS-PMMA) and 27 mm (R-(GO-(PS-PMMA))/AgNPs) was achieved. This indicates that the MWI-prepared nanocomposite has stronger antibacterial activity than the in situ-prepared nanocomposite.

Study on the effect of temperature on polymerization of ethyl methacrylate monomer

The polymerization of Ethyl methacrylate has been carried out via, the conventional bulk polymerization techniques. The polymerization of ethyl methacrylate was easily done by conventional method. The polymer is used in various applications such as an oil additive, in paper, coating, adhesive, textiles, drug delivery and biomedical fields. Conventional bulk polymerization method has been used for the synthesis of poly (ethyl methacrylate), as highly pure polymer is obtained by this method. The effect of change of temperature during the bulk polymerization of ethyl methacrylate has not been reported in detail to the best of our knowledge. In this paper, we have studied the effect of temperature on bulk polymerization of ethyl methacrylate under free radical conditions.

Pure and mixed gas permeation study of silica incorporated polyurethane‐urea membrane modified by MOCA chain extender

AbstractPolyurethane‐urea (PUU) nanocomposite membranes have been prepared using various loadings of silica (SiO2) nanoparticles. A Novel PU was fabricated by a two‐step bulk polymerization technique based on polycaprolactone (PCL), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and diamine chain extender, 4,4‐methylenebis(2‐chloroaniline) (MOCA). The FTIR spectra indicated that the extent of phase separation reduces with increasing SiO2 content. The presence of crystal regions in the soft and hard segments was confirmed by DSC and XRD analyses. The obtained results illustrated a decrement in the gases' permeation in the presence of SiO2 particles. By increasing the filler content up to 15 wt% and pressure of 8 bar, the gas permeation value of the CO2, O2, and N2 decreased 36%, 54%, and 59%, respectively. However, the permselectivity of the CO2/N2 and O2/N2 increased considerably, 55% and 13% respectively. On the contrary, by raising the temperature, a dramatic augmentation in the permeability of all gases with a simultaneous reduction in the selectivity values of both gas pairs was revealed. Increasing the pressure led to a decrease in the permeability values of all membranes for O2 and N2, whereas the permeability for CO2 increased with the pressure. Nevertheless, the selectivity values for the pair of gases increased (at a pressure of 10 bar, 1.66 and 1.17 times the neat PU for CO2/N2 and O2/N2, respectively). Furthermore, the permeability of the CO2, O2, and N2 for the mixed gases was smaller than for pure ones at the same gas upstream pressure. Nonetheless, like the pure gas, the selectivity of both pair gases increased.

Synthesis, characterization and sustainable drug release activity of drug bridged diblock copolymer

Ring opening polymerization of e-caprolactone and tetrahydrofuran were carried out by bulk polymerization technique in the presence of a drug molecule as an initiator at 160 °C for 2 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The synthesized homo and diblock copolymer was characterized by various analytical techniques. Further, the sustainable drug release study was carried out at gastric pH of 7.2. The diblock copolymer formation was confirmed by the appearance of aromatic C=O stretching around 1680 cm−1. Due to the hydrophilic nature the diblock copolymer exhibited lower melting temperature. The drug release study confirmed the first order drug release model.

Effect of methyl methacrylate on the properties of transparent flame retardant unsaturated phosphate ester copolymer

The effect of methyl methacrylate (MMA) on the properties of transparent flame retardant unsaturated phosphate ester copolymer (poly[UPE‐co‐MMA]) prepared by bulk polymerization technique was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectra, gel fraction (G) test, and dynamic mechanical analysis revealed the structure and crosslinking density of poly(UPE‐co‐MMA) copolymers. The thermal degradation and flame retardancy of copolymers were indicated by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) test. Besides, the mechanical properties and transparency were tested with testing machines and solid ultraviolet absorption spectra. As the MMA content increased to 50%, the copolymer contained 50 wt% MMA showed the maximal G (88.93%) and transmittance was up to 91.72%. From the poly(UPE‐co‐MMA) copolymers, the tensile strength increased from 14.62 to 26.95 MPa, assigned to the increase of crosslinking density of copolymers. The char yield of poly(UPE‐co‐MMA) was up to 21.18 wt%, which was a result of decomposition of phosphate groups, producing a phosphorus‐rich layer that increased the thermal stability of the residues. LOI and MCC results confirm that the introduction of MMA can retain the flame retardancy of copolymer remarkably. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:2103–2109, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

On-line solid phase extraction system using an ion imprinted polymer based on dithizone chelating for selective preconcentration and determination of mercury(II) in natural waters by CV AFS

In the present work is described a new on-line solid-phase extraction system using a novel ion imprinted polymer as adsorbent for the preconcentration and determination of mercury(II) in natural water samples by Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (CV AFS). The ion imprinted polymer was prepared by the improved bulk polymerization technique, occurring in only 3 h, based on mercury(II)-dithizone chelate, using methacrylic acid as monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linking reagent, 2,2′‑azobisisobutyronitrile as radical initiator, and dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile as porogen solvents. The obtained polymer was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetry (TG), Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The on-line system was mounted by the easy coupling the mini-column packed with the Hg2+-IIP sorbent to the cold vapor system of the spectrometer. The optimum experimental conditions for the on-line preconcentration system were established employing multivariate methodology (two-level full factorial design and Doehlert matrix). Under the optimized conditions, limits of detection and quantification of 0.02 and 0.06 μg L−1, and preconcentration factor of 29 were obtained for the determination of mercury using the developed on-line system, considering a sample volume of 50 mL. Precision expressed as a relative standard deviation (RSD%) was of 5.2% (n = 7) for a standard solution with mercury(II) concentration of 0.5 μg L−1. Then, the on-line system was applied for the selective preconcentration and determination of mercury (II) in four natural water samples, and addition/recovery tests were performed to evaluate the accuracy of the method. All analyzed samples presented Hg2+ concentrations below the limit of quantification of the proposed method and the recovery values found were in range from 90 to 105%.

Microphase separation and properties of TPU/Nd2O3 nanocomposites

The thermoplastic polyurethane/Nd2O3 (TPU/Nd2O3) nanocomposites with different content of Nd2O3 nanoparticles are synthesized via an in situ bulk polymerization technique. The results of x-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy show that Nd2O3 nanoparticles with size of 40 nm are uniformly dispersed in TPU matrix. Furthermore, the degrees of microphase separation of the nanocomposites are evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, and the effect of different Nd2O3 nanoparticle contents on the properties of TPU/Nd2O3 nanocomposites is investigated. When the content of Nd2O3 nanoparticles is 0.5 wt%, the nanocomposites has the highest degree of microphase separation, and the corresponding melting temperature, decomposition temperature, tensile strength, and elongation at break of TPU/Nd2O3 nanocomposites reach their maximum values of 196.5 °C, 352.7 °C, 53.9 MPa, and 703%, which are higher by 17.9%, 13.5%, 89.1% and 32.4% than pure TPU, respectively. Meanwhile, the TPU/Nd2O3 nanocomposites also illustrate better chemical resistance characteristics compared with pure TPU. Finally, the interaction mechanism between Nd2O3 and TPU is investigated by x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, which confirms that the coordination bonds between Nd2O3 and carbamate groups of TPU are existed in the nanocomposites.

Synthesis and application of a molecularly imprinted polymer in selective solid-phase extraction of efavirenz from water.

Efavirenz is one of the antiretroviral drugs widely used to treat the human immunodeficiency virus. Antiretroviral drugs have been found to be present in surface water and wastewater. Due to complexity of environmental samples, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is used for isolation and pre-concentration of antiretroviral drugs prior to their chromatographic analysis. However, the commercially available SPE sorbents lack selectivity, which tends to prolong the analysis time. Therefore, in this study a molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized for the specific recognition of efavirenz and then applied as the SPE sorbent for its extraction from wastewater and surface water samples. The imprinted and non-imprinted polymers were synthesized using a bulk polymerization technique where efavirenz was used as the template, 2-vinylpyridine as functional monomer, 1,1'-azobis-(cyclohexanecarbonitrile) as initiator, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker and toluene:acetonitrile (9:1, v/v) as the porogenic solvent mixture. The characterization was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. Results showed better selectivity of molecularly imprinted polymer to efavirenz than did non-imprinted polymer. The analysis was performed using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photo-diode array detector. The analytical method gave a detection limit of 0.41 μg/L and the analyte recovery of 81% in wastewater. The concentrations found in wastewater ranged from 2.79 to 120.7 μg/L, while in surface water they were between 0.975 and 2.88 μg/L. Therefore, the results of this study show a strong need for a detailed screening of efavirenz in major water utilities in the country.

Micro structural and non‐isothermal crystallization and degradation kinetics studies on manganese thioglycolate end capped poly(ε‐caprolactone)

The Manganese thioglycolate (Mn‐TG) end capped poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) was prepared by ring opening polymerization at 160°C under inert atmosphere in the presence of Mn‐TG as an initiator and stannous octoate as a catalyst by bulk polymerization technique. The prepared PCL was investigated using various analytical tools to assess its physico‐chemical properties. The chemical structure of PCL was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. The particle size and morphology of the sample was examined by atomic force microscopy and TEM. The melting and crystallization behavior of PCL was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal property of PCL was assessed with the help of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics was carried out to understand the nucleation type and crystal growth for the prepared PCL. The energy of activation (Ea) for crystallization process of PCL was determined. The thermal degradation of PCL and its Ea was determined under non‐isothermal condition using important kinetic models. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:633–642, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

Thermal Degradation Kinetics and Viscoelastic Behavior of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)/Organomodified Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Prepared via In Situ Bulk Radical Polymerization.

Nanocomposites of polymers with nanoclays have recently found great research interest due to their enhanced thermal and mechanical properties. Deep understanding of the kinetics of thermal degradation of such materials is very important, since the degradation mechanism usually changes in the presence of the nano-filler. In this investigation, poly(methyl methacrylate)/organomodified clay nanocomposite materials were prepared by the in situ free radical bulk polymerization technique. The thermal degradation of the products obtained was studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis at several heating rates. Isoconversional kinetic analysis was conducted in order to investigate the effect of degradation conversion on the activation energy. Both, pure poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and its nanocomposites were found to degrade through a two-step reaction mechanism. Data arising from a differential and an integral method were used to disclose the correlation between activation energies (Eα) and the extent of degradation (α). It was found that Eα value improved for all nanocomposites at α values higher than 0.3. Moreover, the viscoelastic behavior of the obtained nanocomposites was examined by means of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. All nanocomposites exhibited higher storage modulus in comparison to the virgin PMMA at room temperature, while the increment of clay amount improved their stiffness gradually.

High-Performing Biodegradable Waterborne Polyester/Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites as an Eco-Friendly Material.

The development of high-performing nanocomposites of homogeneously dispersed graphene oxide in a waterborne polyester matrix with controlled interfacial interactions is a daunting challenge owing to the presence of strong cohesive energy in both. Thus, in this study, graphene oxide was functionalized with toluene diisocyanate and butane diol through a simple method and incorporated into the waterborne polyester matrix through a facile in situ bulk polymerization technique without using any compatibilizing agent or organic solvent for the first time. The thermoset of the nanocomposite was formed by curing it with hyperbranched epoxy of glycerol and poly(amido amine). The resultant thermosetting nanocomposites with 0.1–1 wt % functionalized graphene oxide exhibited significant enhancement in mechanical properties such as elongation at break (245–360%), tensile strength (7.8–39.4 MPa), scratch hardness (4 to >10 kg), toughness (17.18–86.35 MJ/m3), Young’s modulus (243–358 MPa), impact resistance (8.3 to >9.3 kJ/m), and thermostability. Further, the Halpin–Tsai model was used to predict the alignment of graphene oxide. The nanocomposite was also biodegradable against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strain. Furthermore, this nanocomposite exhibited strong catalytic activity for the aza-Michael addition reaction. Thus, the nanocomposite can be utilized as a high-performing sustainable material in different potential applications including as heterogeneous catalysts.