Built-in Chip Research Articles

Switching and Frequency Response Assessment of Photovoltaic Drivers and Their Potential for Different Applications.

Newly introduced Photovoltaic (PV) devices, featuring a built-in chip with an illuminating Light Emitting Diode (LED), have emerged in the commercial market. These devices are touted for their utility as both low- and high-side power switch drivers and for data acquisition coupling. However, comprehensive knowledge and experimentation regarding the limitations of these Photovoltaic Drivers in both switching and signal processing applications remain underexplored. This paper presents a detailed characterization of a Photovoltaic Driver, focusing on its performance under resistive and capacitive loads. Additionally, it delineates the device's constraints when employed in signal processing. Through the analysis of switching losses across various power switches (Silicon and Silicon Carbide) in both series and parallel driver configurations, this study assesses the driver's efficacy in operating Junction Field-Effect Transistors (JFETs). Findings suggest that Photovoltaic Drivers offer a low-cost, compact solution for specific applications, such as high-voltage, low-bandwidth measurements, and low-speed turn-on with fast turn-off power switching scenarios, including solid-state switches and hot-swap circuits. Moreover, they present a straightforward, cost-effective method for driving JFETs, simplifying the circuit design and eliminating the need for an additional negative power source.

Shooting Speed Differences between Playing Positions in Top Level Handball

Scoring the goal in handball is performed by shooting action. Shooting speed is one of the most important attacking elements that influences successful performance in handball. Anyhow, there is a lack of scientific data considering shooting speed between different playing positions. The main aim of this study was to determine differences in shooting speed between playing positions in top level male handball players. Data used in this study was collected from official match reports of European handball championship held in Austria, Norway and Sweden 2020. Seven hundred and eighty-four (784) shoots were analyzed and variables included were shooting speed and playing position. Shooting speed was collected with iBall (SELECT, Denmark), with a built-in chip that tracks and distributes data in real time (Kinexon, Germany). Differences between playing positions were calculated with Kruskal-Wallis test. Significant difference in shooting speed was noticed between playing positions (Chi-Square=67.34). Post-hoc analysis revealed that line positions (wings and pivots) shoot significantly slower than outfield positions. No differences were noticed between wings and pivots, nor between left, right and center back. On the first sight, results of the study are biomechanically contradictable since faster shoots are from longer distances. Anyway, results could be easily explained if game dynamic is analyzed. Namely, line shoots are executed from narrow angle situations which more often require creative and wise, than strong shooting performance.

Razlike u brzini šuta između pozicija šuta u vrhunskom rukometu

Shooting velocity is one of the most important features that influence successful shooting performance in handball. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine differences in shooting velocity between shooting positions in top level handball. A total of 784 shots were analyzed. Shooting velocity was measured with iBall (SELECT, Denmark), that has a built-in chip for tracking and distributing data in real time regarding ball velocity, shot detection, shot position and the position of the ball in the goal (Kinexon, Germany). Shooting position (SP) is defined as a geometrical point and a tactical situation from which a shot was taken. Differences between shooting positions were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Significant difference in shooting velocity was noticed between shooting positions (Chi-Square=95.83). Post-hoc analysis revealed that shots executed outside the nine meter perimeter are significantly faster than from other shooting positions. Shots taken outside the 9-meter perimeter require the fastest shots since players cannot outsmart goalkeepers with modified slow shots (e.g. lob shot, shot with rotation or "dry leaf" shot). Modified slow shots are commonly used in closer distance shots like wing shot, fast break shot, breakthrough shot or penalty shot. In these situations, players have more demanding angle in which shooting velocity is not always an advantage.

Smart Catcher of weighted Objects

At present, there is no solution whenever a live person or live animal was fallen from a building or from a high tower. To safeguard the live person, an IoT based adapter to be built whose purpose is to catch the object when a heavy movement is detected in the air. Any building from which a weighted object is dropped, that can be caught by netted sculpt that can get information from the proposed IoT based adapter fixed at someplace at the side view of the building. The components of this smart catcher are catcher device as IoT based adapter in which accurate position is predicted, netted wire with a built-in chip that takes location from the previous module, and catch the weighted object by the netted wire that can be directed by the built-in chip of it, and brings that object to the ground. Hence, the proposed methodology is the interconnection of networked devices that will communicate with each other in order to save the lives or any object that gets dropped from someplace of the high building. Its main advantage is eco-friendly nature and the latest technology adapted to figure out to catch the object that was falling from a remote high place. The sensors of the IoT-based adapter will scan and works to catch whenever the movement of the weighted object is detected. That sensed information to be sent to the chip of netted wire and netted wire will point to an accurate location to catch the object. The result is stored in a report that could be communicated to the nearest office.

A Cardholder Identification System Based on Face and Double-sided ID Information

In this paper, a cardholder identification system based on identity card (ID) and camera video was proposed. Firstly, we realize the double-sided image acquisition of ID card using Acorn RISC Machine(ARM) and Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with two Contact Image Sensor (CIS) and read the face image from the ID's built-in chip through radio frequency technology, and simultaneously capture the cardholder's face from USB camera video. Then a matching algorithm was used to compare the three faces: the segmented face image from ID double-sided image, the face image stored in built-in ID chip and the cardholder's face image captured from the camera video. Finally, based on the matching results, we can identify the authenticity of the ID and judge whether the cardholder is holding his own ID. Another advantage of our system is that we can print the collected double-sided ID images rapidly without manual flip and alignment. Many functions are combined into this system.

An Innovative High-Tech Acupuncture Product: SXDZ-100 Nerve Muscle Stimulator, Its Theoretical Basis, Design, and Application.

We introduce the theoretical basis, design, and application of a patented innovative high-tech product, SXDZ-100 nerve and muscle stimulator. This product is featured with a built-in chip containing transcoding information from different acupuncture manipulation collected from the wide dynamic neurons (WDR) in the spinal dorsal horn in animal experiments, which is bioinformation feedback therapy. The discharges of WDR neurons excited by different manipulations are analyzed using chaos theory in this study. It combines the advantages of manual acupuncture (MA) like no receptor adaptation and treatment individualization and that of electroacupuncture (EA) such as relatively low stimulation intensity and good quantification and thus makes it more effective than common stimulators in acupuncture clinic.

Developments in Digital Addressable Lighting Control

In DALI control, a small built-in chip acts as the de-central controller in the ballast. DALI complies with an open source protocol based on standard IEC60929. One small controller controls up to 64 ballasts. Today, manufacturers are adding more devices, such as sensors, blind motor controllers, and switches. Recently, web browser based remote control was developed for the DALI Lighting Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University. This paper reports on first experiences with advanced DALI features.

Detecting signal-overshoots for reliability analysis in high-speed system-on-chips

The rising level of complexity and speed of SoC makes it increasingly vital to test adequately the system for signal integrity. Voltage overshoot is one of the integrity factors that has not been sufficiently addressed for the purpose of testing and reliability. Overshoots are known to inject hot-carriers into the gate oxide and cause permanent degradation of MOSFET transistors' performance. This performance degradation creates a serious reliability concern. Unfortunately, accurate parasitic extraction and simulation to detect the interconnect problems is very time consuming and very sensitive to the circuit characteristics and thus is not practical for large SoC. This paper presents a built-in chip methodology to detect and measure the signal overshoots occurring on the interconnects of high-speed system-on-chips. This built-in test strategy does not require external probing or signal waveform monitoring. Instead, the overshoot detector cells monitor signals received by a core (e.g. from the system bus) and record the occurrence of overshoots over a period of operation. The overshoot information accumulated by these cells can be compressed and scanned out efficiently And inexpensively for final quality grading, reliability analysis and diagnosis.