Waste Building Materials Research Articles

Strategies for effective reuse of waste from abandoned buildings under sustainable development

Introduction: In the continuous advancement of urbanization, abandoned buildings are a huge challenge in achieving sustainable development goals. If these legacy buildings are not properly handled, they will cause a huge burden on society, economy, and the environment. Based on the material flow analysis method, an evaluation index system was constructed for legacy building resources, and a systematic study was conducted on the reuse pathways of their waste.Methods: This study focuses on the material flow, reuse pathways, and resource utilization strategies of legacy construction waste, aiming to improve the reuse efficiency of waste building materials and promote the achievement of sustainable development goals. In the study, indicator design was used to quantify the obstacles to the reuse of legacy construction waste, and social and economic costs were analyzed to ensure the comprehensiveness and scientificity of the research.Results: The experimental results show that the waste recycling rate under the implementation of this strategy reached 82.7%, and the resource utilization rate increased by 50.1%. For the obstacles to the reuse of construction waste, the network density reaches 0.052, and the overall network structure shows a lack of concentration, indicating that the current management methods for construction waste reuse have further optimization space.Discussion: The study effectively promotes the sustainable utilization of legacy buildings in cities, which is of great significance for improving the quality of urban space and promoting sustainable social development.

Investigation of Desiccation Cracking Behavior of Waste Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Clay Material

Carbon fiber is a common waste building material, but its effect on the drying and cracking properties of clay materials is unknown. In this paper, crack rate and fractal dimension are used to characterize the influence of waste carbon fiber materials on the development of soil cracking. With the rise in carbon fiber content to 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%, the crack rate of soil cracking decreased by 7.9%, 17.3% and 23.3%, respectively, while the fractal dimension of soil cracking decreased by 2.4%, 8.7% and 21.2%, respectively. Accordingly, the critical moisture content of the soil samples increased by 33.2%, 110% and 151%, and the time of the soil constant evaporation stage decreased by 5.1%, 13.8% and 34.5%, respectively. When carbon fiber is combined with soil, carbon fiber will increase the interface bonding strength, friction and interlocking force, effectively inhibiting the cracking of soil, and it provides a channel for water transport in the soil in the early stage.

Using industrial waste in porous building materials for indoor humidity control

This study uses waste bricks and waste catalyst as raw materials in the synthesis of humidity control building materials with high structural strength. This paper explores the feasibility of producing porous humidity control materials (PHCM) through the billet sintering of waste brick with various quantities of waste catalyst (0 %–40 %) for indoor construction. N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms revealed that PHCM exhibits Type-IV adsorption with H3 hysteresis loops, indicating a network of interconnected mesopores with diameters ranging from 3 to 17 nm. Humidity control analysis revealed that increasing the waste catalyst content significantly enhanced the equilibrium moisture content and moisture adsorption and desorption capacity. This study determined that the adsorption of moisture within the PHCM relies on capillary condensation within the mesopores. Under 95 % relative humidity (RH), the highest equilibrium moisture content (2.97 kg/kg) and 12-h moisture adsorption capacity (72.41 g/m2) were obtained in specimens prepared at a sintering temperature of 1000 °C with a 40 % spent catalyst. This excellent adsorption capacity can be attributed to the high surface area of the waste catalyst, which increased the surface area of PHCM from 0.013 to 8.529 m2/g. This study demonstrates the benefits of synthesizing PHCM using waste bricks and catalysts in terms of porous properties, mechanical properties, and humidity control performance.

Recycling in Islamic Perspective Case Study of Architectural Works Using Waste Building Materials

Waste is a serious environmental problem worldwide. Waste can refer to various types of materials or substances resulting from human, industrial, agricultural and other activities. The waste problem covers aspects such as management, environmental impact and human health. In this paper, an Islamic perspective on waste recycling in building architecture is discussed. Case studies involving architectural works with the use of building waste reflect the principle of recycling in practice. Waste buildings are materials or structures which have been retired for their original purpose but which still have the potential to be reused with little or no major alterations. Architectural works such as households, community facilities, or even commercial buildings can use used materials that are still usable to reduce demand for new resources. However, in implementing the recycling concept in architecture, it is necessary to pay attention to several aspects, such as structural safety, quality of used materials, and compatibility with the surrounding environment. Islam encourages the use of resources wisely and in moderation, as well as minimizing negative impacts on the environment. This is the responsibility of humans as caliphs on earth to preserve the environment and to maintain the balance of the ecosystem. as well as compatibility with the surrounding environment. Islam encourages the use of resources wisely and in moderation, as well as minimizing negative impacts on the environment. This is the responsibility of humans as caliphs on earth to preserve the environment and to maintain the balance of the ecosystem. as well as compatibility with the surrounding environment. Islam encourages the use of resources wisely and in moderation, as well as minimizing negative impacts on the environment. This is the responsibility of humans as caliphs on earth to preserve the environment and to maintain the balance of the ecosystem.
 Keywords: Islamic Perspective; Architecture; Recycle; Building material; Environmental Conservation

Enhancing the sustainable production of cost-effective ceramics with high strength using kaolin, sewage sludge and blast-furnace slag

Solid waste treatment remains an unavoidable environmental burden for modern cities. Currently, the multipurpose utilization of solid waste in construction and building materials is worth in-depth research as it furnishes high-value commercialization pathways with environmental and economic benefits for managing waste and addressing resource scarcity. This study explored the cost-effective ceramic fabrication from 40 % sewage sludge, 10 % blast-furnace slag and 50 % kaolin through in-situ sintering method, which enhanced the sustainable production of ceramic materials. The influences of firing temperature on the ceramic sintering effects, including mineral composition, micromorphology, pore structure and process performance, were systematically investigated. Results showed that the particle consolidation and sintering degrees of finished ceramics continuously increased as the firing temperature raised, presenting different surface, cross-sectional and pore structure characteristics. This was because increasing the firing temperature changed natures of the formed glass phase, such as content and viscosity. Moreover, variations in the ceramic structure would further affect its process performance. The ceramics prepared at 1250 °C were determined to have best firing effects with the densest structure and excellent performance, and the corresponding water absorption, bulk density, apparent porosity and compressive strength were 0.97 %, 2.32 g/cm3, 2 % and 70 MPa, respectively. Finally, comparisons with other researches confirmed that the developed ceramics possessed strong competitiveness in process performance. The presented study provided data support for the value-added application and sintering optimization of waste slag and sludge in ceramic production.

Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the Secondary Use of Hydrolysis Productions Waste in Composite Building Materials (Review)

The theoretical and practical aspects of the development of relevant technological solutions to improve the efficiency of the secondary use of waste from hydrolysis industries in composite building materials are disclosed. Based on the methods of comparative analysis, the results of domestic and foreign experience in the use of hydrolysis lignin in the practice of building materials science are presented, technological features of its application in the technology of concrete and other building composites are revealed, taking into account the influence of the sequence of introduction of raw materials components on the basic properties of the formulations obtained. The scale of production activities of the cement industry is disclosed with a presentation of the dynamics of development and assessment of the contribution of this industry to the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Thermal Behaviour Assessment of a New Local Clay-Based Building Material and Peanut Shell Waste: Experimental and Numerical Approaches

Thermal Behaviour Assessment of a New Local Clay-Based Building Material and Peanut Shell Waste: Experimental and Numerical Approaches

Clear and simple detection of asbestos stained with two dyes for building materials collected from disaster and demolition sites using a stereomicroscope

Whenever houses are demolished or disasters occur, large quantities of building materials are discharged, which may contain asbestos. To prevent the damage caused by asbestos exposure, a rapid asbestos presence confirmation method is required at demolition sites or temporary disaster storage sites. It is difficult to confirm the presence of asbestos in waste building materials by simple observation. However, it can be confirmed by staining the materials with two dyes: methylene blue (MB) with positive charge, and erythrosine (RED-3) with negative charge, and using a stereomicroscope. The method was applied to samples collected from disaster and demolition sites. Asbestos was stained violet or reddish-purple, and the base material of the building materials remained blue. Using this method, even amateur workers can detect asbestos by means of an image in a different color than the building substrate. Furthermore, the present method detected asbestos more explicitly than the official method (JIS A 1482, 1483; detection limit is < 0.1%) recommended by the Japanese government. This cost-effective method is suitable for detecting asbestos at disaster and demolition sites. The mixture of MB and RED-3 formed nanoparticles of size 151 nm and surface charge of −34 mV that selectively stained asbestos. The staining mechanism was discussed.

Use of Waste Building Materials in Architecture and Urban Planning—A Review of Selected Examples

Modern environmental protection standards have a direct impact on the construction and shaping of public space. Designers are increasingly reaching for materials produced via recycling technologies. Waste materials are more readily adopted and used in urban planning and architecture. Current projects in this area are being increasingly designed to meet the requirements of the circular economy, which is facilitated by the reuse of once-used components. The aim of the study is to review research papers in the Scopus database (bibliometric analysis) and other selected materials applied in construction, which are recycled and used again in various ways in the construction of subsequent buildings. The results show various application possibilities of recycled materials in construction. The study draws attention to the fact that the use of recycled materials in modern construction is becoming more and more effective, which may contribute to increasing the share of the circular economy in the implementation process related to this subject.

Existing Building Renovation: A Review of Barriers to Economic and Environmental Benefits.

The renovation of old buildings provides an important approach to energy saving and emission reduction with low economic costs. The current important issue remains how to determine the optimal cost-effective technical path for a specific project, although there are a large number of retrofit technologies to choose from. Based on a systematic perspective, this paper conducts a quantitative analysis of the environmental and economic benefits of building renovation, and compares and studies the role and challenges of different countries in the process of recycling waste building materials and technological innovation to extend the life of buildings. Through the use of VOSviewer, 1402 papers from the Web of Science core collection database were visualized, analyzed, and deduced, and the research context and development trends of architectural renovation were sorted out and presented. Finally, this article discusses the status and application process of existing building renovation technologies, including the current obstacles that need to be resolved. It puts forward a vision for the future development of building renovation, emphasizing that top-down guidance is essential to future carbon neutral goals.

A critical study of the existing issues in circular economy practices during movement control order: can BIM fill the gap?

PurposeThe improper evaluation and information management of circular economy (CE) (i.e. design, planning, supply chain, waste pile and material hazard) is critical for public health and is a major problem in the waste management of precast concrete (PC) building manufacture and construction and demolition wastes industry. The CE model is particularly problematic for PC building construction projects where the standard practices for the total number of waste building materials are not appropriate and do not match the safe disposal design specification, such as the recent number increase in the Malaysian illegal construction waste pile during the Movement Control Order (11 March 2021, about 5 out of 29 landfills related to states enforcing Act 672). The study aims to develop a framework application (i.e. Building Information Modelling [BIM]) that supports intelligent waste recycling management and sophisticated CE model system solutions.Design/methodology/approachThus, the development of a new BIM-based programming algorithm approach is proposed for optimising CE in accordance with the needs of the current PC building construction schemes. As a precursor to this study, the concepts of CE practices are reviewed and the main features of BIM tools and techniques currently being employed on such projects are presented.FindingsSophisticated CE system solutions are described as an essential component of this optimisation to reduce the amount of waste generated at the end of the life cycle of PC building construction projects and to better manage the resources used throughout it.Originality/valueFinally, the potential for a research framework for developing such a system in the future is presented.

Effect of pretreated cow dung fiber on mechanical and shrinkage properties of cementitious composites

The proper disposal of cow dung waste has always been a great challenge for the agricultural sector in China and around the world. In this work, the cow dung was processed into a cheap renewable cow dung fiber (CDF) and applied into cementitious composites. The physicochemical properties of raw and alkali pretreated CDF were analyzed by thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, single fiber tensile test and scanning electron microscopy. The strength and autogenous shrinkage of cementitious composites reinforced with the CDF were measured. The results showed that alkali pretreatment dissolved the amorphous components (i.e., hemicellulose and lignin) and enhanced the crystallinity of cellulose. The pretreatment of CDF by 1 mol/L NaOH solution led the 3 d′s compressive and splitting tensile strength of the CDF reinforced cementitious composites to increase by 21.8% and 12.5%, respectively. The presence of CDF, with or without pretreatment enabled to inhibit the development of autogenous shrinkage of cementitious paste. This work is expected to promote an alternative application for the recycling of cow dung waste in sustainable building materials.

The Cause Of Construction Material Wastage In Building Construction Projects: A Study In Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Construction materials waste causes serious environmental problems and project cost overruns in many construction projects. Building material waste can be defined as the difference between the value of materials delivered and accepted on site and those properly used as specified and accurately measured in the work, after deducting the cost saving of substituted materials transferred. The methods that used for this thesis were by collecting the data require for this study through preparing questionnaires. Based on the results from the analysis the following conclusions have been derived and summarized in accordance with the objectives of the research. Based on finding researchers determined different factors. Key factors were Lack storage of materials near of construction site, Wrong storage of materials, Poorly schedule to procurement the Materials, Purchased materials that don’t comply with specification, Insufficient instructions about storage and Stacking, Over ordering due to mistake in quantity surveys, Overproduction/Production of a quantity, greater than required or earlier than necessary, Inadequate stacking and insufficient storage on site, Damage materials on site, Using excessive quantities of materials more than the required, Wrong handling of materials, Insufficient instructions about handling, Damage during transportation, Manufacturing defects, Ordering of materials that do not fulfill project requirements and Unnecessary inventories in site which lead to waste

A Framework for Managing Building Waste from the Restoration of Historic Cairo

The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for managing wastes resulting from the restoration works in historic Cairo, Egypt. To achieve the above mentioned aim, a research methodology was designed to accomplish four objectives. Firstly, a literature review was used to investigate the nature of historic buildings, and national and international experiences of managing restoration waste. Secondly, 43 case studies from historic Cairo were used to identify the most common practices for managing building restoration waste. Thirdly, a survey questionnaire was conducted with experts to evaluate the most sustainable indicators of assessing building material waste. Finally, a framework was developed to facilitate the management of buildings' restoration waste in historic Cairo. Moreover, it concludes the most important factors of buildings' materials waste management in historic Cairo. The research discusses the importance of historic buildings and their status of ignorance and obsoleteness. In addition, it highlights the deficiencies of the waste management system. Furthermore, it presents a framework to manage waste resulting from restoration work on the buildings of historic Cairo, which represents a synthesis that is novel and creative in thought and adds value to the knowledge in a new way.

Collaborative disposal of multisource solid waste: Influence of an admixture on the properties, pore structure and durability of foam concrete

Solid waste building material treatment is an essential means of disposal and an active research area. Despite this, the multisource characteristics, large volumes and complex compositions of solid waste necessitate new requirements for its treatment. In this paper, a typical resource-based coastal city is considered the research object. Fly ash (FA), furnace slag (FS) and mineral powder (MP) are taken as samples to investigate the influence of admixtures on the properties, pore structure and durability of foam concrete by three-factor and three-level orthogonal tests. Results indicate that foam concrete with different admixtures can have various mechanical and thermal insulation properties. The compressive strength of foam concrete can increase to 3.90 MPa, and its thermal conductivity can reach 0.1347 W/M·k. MP has the largest apparent effect on the compressive strength, while FS has the most obvious impact on the thermal conductivity. The durability analysis shows that the number of freeze-thaw cycles foam concrete can withstand is 25–100 cycles. The collaborative disposal of multisource inorganic solid waste has high potential for being applied as inner partition walls and thermal insulating components in buildings. This paper provides valuable guidance for the sustainable and clean utilization of multisource inorganic solid waste.

Design for disassembly, deconstruction and resilience: A circular economy index for the built environment

Globally, the building, construction and demolition industry generates the largest percentage of waste. Building material waste is still commonly landfilled, and materials such as concrete and steel are increasingly being retained in the material loop through suboptimal operations such as recycling. To contrast this trend, the objective of this paper is to present a new circular economy–based index for the built environment; design for disassembly, deconstruction, and resilience (3DR). We applied this index to our purpose-built prefabricated building, named Legacy Living Lab (L3). The 3DR method illustrates the steps and decision making that, if applied during design, production, maintenance, and end of life, would enable a closure of the building materials loop. To provide a complete picture of the benefits of the 3DR method, the material flow of the building was analysed, including a comparison of the amount of new materials. The amount of reusable materials was investigated to sustain the circularity once dissembling the building. The benefits of applying the 3DR method are proven during and for each stage of the project lifecycle. Specifically, the results of this study show that building refurbishment is possible through the 83% of walls and ceilings that can be disassembled during the operation phase. The prototype building can be relocated, which in the process produces less than 1% of the buildings mass in waste. The 3DR principles extend the knowledge and application of the circular economy approach through the conversion of building waste into new resources in buildings.

Development of Green Cementitious Materials by Using the Abrasive Waterjet Garnet Wastes: Preliminary Studies

The constant need for recycling, waste prevention and general environmental protection represent the new directive approaches imposed by the geo-political, industrial and environmental context, at the regional, European and global level. Ensuring the environmental protection and reducing the natural resources consumption represent general purposes of the sustainable development and also considerations to implement the Circular Economy Model [1]. The present study is developed with respect to the previously mentioned principles: the waterjet cutting operations by the use of abrasive GARNETs for quality, speed and accuracy gain, are in continuous expansion, generating proportionally increasing wastes, which could be valorized by innovatively integrating them in advanced cementitious materials for the construction industry. The international research regarding the use of abrasive waterjet Garnet wastes as raw material for construction industry are at incipient stage and quite limited, but preliminary results are promising. Further studies are presently developed, considering the potential benefits and also the reduced toxicity degree of abrasive Garnet wastes. This paper offers a general overview concerning the recent studies performed in the topic of efficient use of abrasive Garnet wastes in different building materials. Supplementary, further research, both theoretical and experimental is considered, for developing green, advanced, high performance cement-based materials by using the abrasive waterjet Garnet wastes, mainly as fine grain addition or replacement in the composites.

Sustainable Management of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Wastes in Gypsum Composites

Promoting the use of gypsum and gypsum-based materials in construction is a successful strategy from an environmental point of view; it allows a lower energy demand with a sensible reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. At the same time, the manufacturing of gypsum products can represent an interesting sector to redirect and manage the large amount of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) waste. In this paper a sustainable application of AAC granulate waste in gypsum-based building materials was proposed. The intrinsic compatibility derived their chemical composition and allowed it to partially substitute raw gypsum with the waste up to 30% without affecting the functional and structural properties of the final product. Physical characterization and sound absorption data confirmed that the addition of AAC waste does not significantly alter the typical porosity of the gypsum composite. Finally, all of the composites reached mechanical performances suitable for different building application as gypsum plaster.

Modified gypsum binder for interior systems

As the main component for many interior plaster mixes, a natural gypsum binder or its analogues is used, which are products of processing of local raw materials or by-products of other industries. Under operating conditions, gypsum binder-based plaster coatings have two main features. The first is the ability to regulate room humidity and absorb harmful emissions. The second is the ability to implement the function of barrier protection in the event of a fire. Improving the quality of plastering works and optimizing their cost is associated with the development of modified compositions based on gypsum, justified use of waste and local building materials, which include clay-gypsum binder. Clay gypsum as a natural material of sedimentary origin is widespread both in Russia and in the states formed in the post-Soviet space. In terms of energy intensity and manufacturability, the processing of raw materials into a clay-gypsum binder does not differ from the conditions of traditional processing of natural gypsum. Compared to lime or cement mortars, mortars based on gypsum binder have greater elasticity and plasticity. Such properties associated with the manufacturability of the application, such as workability and thixotropy, as well as the interval for maintaining the pot life of the mixture, are controlled by the introduction of modifying additives, the evaluation of the formulation of which was the purpose of the research, the results of which are presented in the article. The studies carried out have established that varying the recipe parameters make it possible to regulate both the strength and performance characteristics of mixtures based on gypsum plaster, as well as the manufacturability of their application.

A practicable learning under conversion of plastic waste and building material waste keen on concrete tiles

Plastic is utilized in day today life at present almost 56 lakhs ton of plastic waste delivered in India every year. Plastic are all things considered non-degradable in this manner, they may be take several years to decay. This is a result of the intermolecular bonds that set up plastic, whose structure protect that the plastic neither expend nor separate. As home grown blend assets have gotten exhausted in light of unnecessary call for underway industry & the measure of arranged waste fabric continues developing, analysts are investigating the utilization of elective materials which exact save natural sources & store the environmental factors. In this examine, utilization of molten plastic waste as complete substitution of cement & broken glasses as partial substitution of mixture with nice river s& for the manufacturing of building production enter inclusive of roof tile, ground tile & hollow plastic block is a partial way to environmental & ecological troubles. Quality manipulate check of samples of prepared fabric are carried out &as compared with the standard material specification. This investigation took a gander at the possibility of waste glass consideration as fractional FA substitution frameworks. Properties of cement fusing waste glass as halfway replacement for FA measures of 15% were researched. Here the excellent residences of asphalt squares concerning squander plastics & the arrangement considerations for black-top square joining waste plastic sacks is included. It could be a shelter to current society & situation. The essential point is to use the plastic nature being developed fields with limited additions. It will be obviously a cost reasonable & can be applied in different structures.