Building Inspection System Research Articles

Analysis of Industry 4.0 and the Building Inspection System in the Republic of Türkiye's Applications

Since the enactment of Law No. 4708 on Building Inspection, developments have taken place in the construction sector in Türkiye in terms of material production, their usage in construction sites, construction stages, project management, and implementation, which have led to the need for changes in the inspection field. In this study, the Building Inspection process was classified under seven headings within the scope of the Regulation. The fundamental problems in these headings were analyzed with research methods in the literature. Based on the information, which digital transformation technologies are included in the current practices and which ones are missing have been identified. Collaborations with which technology can solve existing problems have been interpreted, and solutions have been proposed to complete the shortcomings that may be experienced in the inspection field. It has been determined that Industry 4.0 Technologies should be adapted to every step of the inspection process for a healthy inspection system.

Importance of building inspection on the seismic response of a severely damaged RC structure during the February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence

Large magnitude February 6, 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye created a devastating effect on the building stock on a vast region. For earthquakes of this magnitude, severe damage and collapses are indispensable to the old building stock with deficiencies certified in previous earthquakes. But unexpectedly, the newly constructed buildings that were designed by recent version of Turkish Building Seismic Code (TBEC 2018) also experienced severe damage. After conducting site investigations on one of the recently constructed and severely damaged RC building, a detailed numerical study was performed to identify the reasons for the observed seismic damage. This study pinpoints the main cause of such damage due to lack of thorough building inspections during construction to ensure the implementation of the seismic reinforcement detailing specified in blueprints for providing required ductility, as revealed by field investigations. Additionally, it identifies potential issues stemming from a lack of full comprehension of the seismic design philosophy within the code. The existing design pushes the limits on the axial load level on slender column elements and fall short in capturing the soft story irregularity. Although there is a soft base story in the investigated building, using structural walls only in one direction with moderately confined boundary zones increased its vulnerability. This example shows that in Türkiye, where seismic activity is very high and quite lethal, seismic design codes should set stricter limits and measures, and building inspection system must be strictly enforced.

Türkiye’de Uygulanan Yapı Denetim Sisteminin Sorunları İle İlgili Yaklaşımlar

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti toprakları, yeryüzünün en aktif deprem kuşaklarından biri içerisinde bulunmaktadır. Bununla beraber Türkiye Cumhuriyeti sınırları içerisinde yaşayan halkın büyük bir bölümü bu deprem kuşaklarında hayatını sürdürmektedirler. Geçmişte yaşanılan depremlerin getirdiği can ve mal kayıpları, yapılaşma sürecinde devletin sıkı bir yönetim uygulamasını gerektirmiştir. Özellikle doğal afetler sonucunda yaşanan can ve mal kayıplarının önüne geçmek yapı denetim sisteminin önemi ve amacı bu araştırmada belirtilmiştir. Yapı denetimi faaliyetlerini düzenlemek için 2001 yılında uygulanmaya başlanan 4708 sayılı Yapı Denetimi Kanunu bu sistemin sağlıklı bir şekilde uygulanması amacıyla kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu kanunda bulunan kusurlar ve eksiklikler değerlendirilmiş ve düzeltilmesi amacıyla bazı öneriler yapılmıştır. Yapı denetimi görevinde rol alan tüm kişi ve kurumların gerekli görevlerini yerine getirmediği gözlemlenmiştir. Bu kişi ve kurumların üzerine düşen görevleri doğru bir şekilde yapması gerektiği vurgulanmış ve bununla beraber sistemde oluşan sorunları çözüme ulaştırmaları amacıyla bilgilendirme yapılmıştır.

A stakeholder-based review of the building inspection system in Turkey: The case of Yalova

A stakeholder-based review of the building inspection system in Turkey: The case of Yalova

Building Inspection System Software Based on Expert Knowledge

Building Inspection System Software Based on Expert Knowledge

Harmonising correlation matrices within a global building expert knowledge-based inspection system

Building inspection systems must rely on dependable information. Correlation matrices establish expert knowledge-based relationships to swift associations of defects with causes, diagnosis methods, repair techniques, and other defects. A methodology of developing correlation matrices in a global inspection system based on existing element-specific systems is presented. This procedure is influenced by the classification lists’ harmonisation and the transposition from two-dimensional to homogenised three-dimensional correlation matrices. With strict predetermined criteria, four global matrices were built, tested in fieldwork and adjusted. They are an advantageous tool for surveyors. In the future, they will be the basis for the automation of the system.

Atlas of Defects within a Global Building Inspection System

Building inspection systems are essential to optimise building maintenance. In the context of developing a global building inspection system, the lack of an expeditious tool to identify defects and their urgency of repair was detected. This study intends to propose an atlas of defects applicable to several types of building elements/materials, simplifying issues associated with the diagnosis of building pathology. A database was devised using previously developed components of the global inspection system: the classification list of defects and the urgency of repair parameters. Such a database was structured using several pages, each one with tables organised according to types of defects, building elements/materials and levels of urgency of repair (five-level scale—0–4). The atlas of defects has 38 pages in total, each for a different type of defect. The levels of urgency of repair are illustrated with photographs and described with concise classification criteria. Not all levels of urgency of repair apply to all defect–building element/material combinations; levels 1, 2 and 3 are those most often considered. The proposed atlas of defects is an innovative approach, useful to assist surveyors during technical inspections of buildings, whose concept may be adapted to other inspection systems.

Harmonising the classification of diagnosis methods within a global building inspection system: Proposed methodology and analysis of fieldwork data

In the context of developing a global inspection system based on previously developed expert inspection systems for specific building elements/materials, this research highlights the importance of a coherent harmonisation of the diagnosis methods in a global classification list. This global inspection system refers to twelve elements/materials (roofing, façades and flooring) used in the envelope of current buildings. Individual expert classification lists of diagnosis methods were analysed to propose a global classification list considering five criteria of harmonisation, and the effects of unifying tests on inspection procedures are discussed. Furthermore, data from inspection campaigns in previous research on the recommendation of diagnosis methods are analysed. The measurement of the ambient and surface temperature and humidity is the diagnosis method most commonly associated with detected defects in more than one building element/material. Additionally, analysing the established relationship between defects and diagnosis methods, infrared thermography is considered useful for a broad range of defects. The use of a crack width ruler and a crack-measuring microscope is highly associated with defects in many types of building elements/materials.

Building Inspection System for Evaluating the Technical Performance of Existing Buildings

AbstractThe technical performance assessment of a building is essential for planning maintenance actions to improve its condition and functionality. The aim of this study is to present a building i...

State-of-the-Art Review of Building Inspection Systems

AbstractThe scientific community is devoting more attention to the wide field of inspection, diagnosis, maintenance, and rehabilitation of buildings, including systems to support the inspection of buildings with anomalies. Since the activities of rehabilitation and maintenance are key factors in buildings’ sustainability, it is essential to develop a correct interpretation of defects, supported by objective and adequate diagnosis means, with the goal of significantly increasing the quality standards of potential intervened buildings and their subsequent service life. In this paper, a brief revision of the scope of building inspection systems/methods is made, presenting some of the challenges in this expertise field. From the analysis of the inspection systems/methods found in the literature, it can be concluded that they all have a similar organization but none are entirely devoted to provide expeditious and objective information on on-site interventions. The importance of establishing a reliable Building...

From Healing to Protective Disaster Coping Efforts: An Evaluation of Building Inspection Approaches within the Disaster Policies Developed between 1924 and 2010 in Turkey

Turkey has long been suffered due to destructive impacts of earthquakes and has tried to develop pre and post disaster coping efforts by means of laws and policies since 1924. During this period, along with the developing national and international policy changes, a shift has occurred from traditional post-disaster (healing) to pre-disaster (protective) efforts in terms of disaster mitigation. During a brief historical evaluation of administrative advancements in terms of shifting understanding of disaster in Turkey a focus is given to development of ideas related to building inspection which was formally initiated as a risk-reduction approach after 1999. Knowledge gathered from interviews conducted among administrative and building professionals between 2008 and 2012 contribute to the critical evaluation of the administrative problems of the Building Inspection System (BIS) carried out today. It is revealed from this research that there is an urgent need for unifying the scattered and complex forms of legislations related to disaster issues in Turkey. It is revealed also that a risk-reduction approach has not been conducted in consistent with the practice of BIS in which the enforcement of the necessary knowledge and ordinances remain insufficient among its participants: building professionals, inspector firms and local authority. It is underlined, also that the legal and administrative advancements are not enough to achieve disaster resilient society if they are not digested by the community from a holistic perspective of disaster perception in the country.

The role of building inspection systems in map and database maintenance

Changes to the landscape in urban areas, and capturing information on such changes, are considered in relation to three revision models used by mapping agencies. The municipality as the locus of de...