Building Exercise Research Articles

The process of developing a framework for code of ethics

Abstract Issue/Problem The World Health Organisation (WHO) and Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER) roadmap for the professionalisation of the public health workforce has noted ethics as a pillar for professionalisation. It also highlights the need for code of ethics and professional conduct for all public health professionals and institutions. The Global Network for Academic Public Health (GNAPH), in collaboration with EUPHA, ASPHER, and the UK Faculty of Public Health has been working together for a code of ethics. Description of the problem The WHO/ASPHER group asked for a framework to be developed by the expert group as part of the rollout of the professionalisation agenda. The objective of this work was to develop a guide that is applicable to different countries within Europe to develop their own of code of ethics and conduct. A modified Delphi approach to building consensus amongst professionals in ethics included law, academia, and public health professionals. The questions sought to be answered were what and how to develop a framework and what should be included in the guide for creating a public health code of ethics. Results Throughout this method we developed five values, and twelve principles that are essential for the development of a code of ethics through a consensus building exercise. This framework was the first of its kind as part of the professionalisation agenda for different regions. There will be ongoing work piloting this framework in practice with various professional groups and institutions. Lessons Throughout this process, the need and demand across the public health community for ethical education and development of code of ethics was made evident. Collaboration between academics, ethicist, lawyers, and public health professionals and policy makers were key in developing a public health code of ethics. Identifying the challenges with monitoring and evaluating of its implementation a public health code of ethics. Key messages • Ethics, and a code of ethics are an essential component of the professionalisation agenda of the public health workforce. • There is need for continued collaboration and partnership with public health professionals and institutions in enacting its implementation and evaluation.

Applying foresight methods at the national level in the field of substance use: Experience from the DRUG-PREP project

Abstract This presentation will focus on the experience from the DRUG-PREP project. While foresight has been used in other sectors, its implementation in the drugs field has previously remained relatively limited. The application of foresight to the drugs sphere is important in recognition of the fast-changing and intersectional nature of drugs and addiction. At the European level, a futures exercise was organized by the EMCDDA (as of July 2024 the European Union Drugs Agency, EUDA) to explore the future of drugs at the European level until 2030. In this landscape, the DRUG-PREP project implemented foresight approaches at the national level, to support preparedness of national drug monitoring and response systems. The DRUG-PREP partners carried out individual national exercises in six countries: Belgium, Czechia, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Portugal. The link to policy was a key aspect of the project, with each country organising a national dialogue to directly engage policymakers. The presentation will focus on the Belgian research. Horizon Scanning was performed to identify trends and megatrends with potential implications on the national drugs ecosystem, through a literature review. An expert workshop was organized to validate the trends and explore their implications. Subsequently, a small scenario building exercise was organised to explore the consequences of a clearly defined ‘disruptor’: the ban on opium production in Afghanistan. Finally, a national dialogue allowed discussion with stakeholders on how foresight can be integrated more structurally in the drugs field in Belgium. A summary of the results will be presented. Policymakers across all levels (local, regional, federal) have been active participants in the foresight activities and workshops. The link to policymaking has been crystallized in the integration of foresight into the new Belgian National Drugs Strategy 2024-2025.

National Addiction Workshop: A Virtual Adaptation to Support Competency Development in Opioid Use Disorder Management.

Accessible, manualized, skill-based training ready for wide dissemination is needed to prepare healthcare staff to meet the needs of people impacted by the opioid epidemic. A 2-day workshop and simulation training was designed by an interprofessional substance use disorder (SUD) specialty care team, adapted to a virtual platform, manualized, and offered to healthcare staff and trainees from a large healthcare system. The workshop was offered 6 times over the course of 10 months with a total of 177 participants from across the United States enrolled in the training. Interactive experiential learning strategies including games designed to test knowledge, small-group case discussions, video demonstrations of skills, patient panels, and 3 simulations of a patient with chronic pain who developed opioid use disorder in the context of long-term opioid therapy were utilized in efforts to build skills and confidence managing SUDs in primary care and general mental health settings. Of those who completed the post-workshop survey, most found both content and training structure useful, particularly content related to medication management, stigma, and collaborative care. In addition, overall confidence scores in assessing, diagnosing, and treating SUD increased. Skill building exercises, such as interprofessional team simulations, were highlighted as most beneficial. The workshop received national attention leading to a partnership with the healthcare system's simulation center for wider dissemination. Expanding access to SUD treatment requires training healthcare staff to effectively change attitudes, increase knowledge, and improve key skills. This 2-day interprofessional workshop was well-received by participants who reported high acceptability and satisfaction scores and demonstrated improved confidence in the management of SUDs. This type of manualized, collaborative, skill-based learning experience can foster staff preparedness and willingness to conceptualize SUD as a chronic condition amenable to treatment in different healthcare settings.

Escape the Math Room

Escape the Math Room is a fun, interactive, sequence of puzzles designed to encourage mathematical collaboration, team work, and ingenuity. Using advanced mathematical topics in an accessible way, Escape the Math Room appropriately challenges students ranging from high school to advanced undergraduate. The activity can be adjusted by adding or removing hints and explanations to accommodate the audience. This activity can be used on its own for a mathematical event, in class on a “free day” or as a team building exercise.

Consensus-building to improve implementation of NICE guidance on planning for end-of-life treatment and care: a mixed-methods study

BackgroundDespite the availability of guidance for the provision of good end-of-life care, there are significant variations across the UK in its delivery. This study sought to identify the influences on end-of-life treatment and care planning across several areas where deficiencies in evidence-based practice have been identified, and to develop consensus among healthcare providers and users for recommendations on how to address these deficits.MethodsAn online survey (106 responses), qualitative interviews (55 participants) and a consensus-building exercise (475 participants in the initial round) were undertaken. Participants included people approaching the end of life, people important to them, and health and care practitioners who help people plan for the end of life or provide end-of-life care. Recruitment was via online methods, including social media and online newsletters of relevant charities and professional organisations. Thematic analysis using the framework method was used to analyse qualitative data. Synthesis of qualitative and quantitative data led to the development of statements regarding recommendations for advancing implementation of good practice. A two-stage consensus-building exercise asked respondents first to rate these statements and then to rate and rank further sub-recommendations in three areas.ResultsResults from the consensus building exercise confirmed that end-of-life care planning conversations are to be welcomed and encouraged, and that the priority should be to have the conversation (which could be initiated by a range of professionals, or people planning end-of-life care themselves), rather than to wait for an ideal time to have it. Further rounds identified specific components of a standardised record of end-of-life treatment and care preferences that should be prioritised, specific health and care staff that should be empowered through training in advanced communication, and aspects of communication most important to include in training for healthcare professionals.ConclusionsOur study has identified opportunities for action to improve end-of-life treatment and care by combining multiple stakeholder perspectives and building consensus among them: the resulting recommendations have sufficient granularity to be implemented and evaluated. They are of relevance to policy makers, those who train healthcare professionals, and those looking after patients approaching the end of life.

A STUDY ON ETHICAL PRACTICES OF PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS IN THIRUVANANTHAPURAM DISTRICT

The bank is now a larger and representative institution for the protection of funds and financial of the society. A banker performs many more task than mere regular and conventional banking. As such the role and status of the banker in the modern society has changed significantly. When the banker has acquired a new status and role in the society it should perform the duty in a more diligent and appropriate manner. The performance of the duty has a definite relationship with the kind of ethical practices, values, and system The present study was undertaken the ethical practices of public sector banks in Thiruvananthapuram district. The study mainly focuses on the importance of ethical practices and value building exercise in organizations. The proper functioning of an organization requires various rules and regulations, principles and policies. Due to different type and nature of organizations, the policy formulation and problem solving strategy differs from one organization to other. However, in every work place, the organization adopts a set of rules and policies which are essential for its growth and development. Among various factors, the implementation and adhering to ethical practice and value building is the main foundation for the regulation of organization. Yet, to examine factors as to understand the implication of ethics and value practice in an organization are complex in nature.

290 Are you trust-worthy: Trust-building activities in Translational Sciences

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Many researchers aim to build trust with communities and participants. Trust building is meant to achieve greater representation across aspects of research whether in participation, or more comprehensively as partners from design to dissemination. We provide practical guidance for trust building activities and the ethical issues that can arise. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: While trust itself is inherently seen as an ethical good, often little attention is paid to the ethical aspects of trust building exercises themselves and the fact that trust can vary in type. Using a bioethical analysis of trustworthiness, we discuss how to approach trust in different relationships and settings. Explicit communication about the supports/constraints and potential outcomes of new trusted relationships is required for ethical practice. Where relationships are built without appropriate transparency and follow through, or with misunderstandings about potential shared values, priorities, or desired outcomes, significant harms can occur in the short- and long term. Using a bioethical framework and practical examples we provide guidance on how to engage in ethical trust building activities. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: While many people are good at the trust building work they do, this work is often not shared as best practices and is ascribed to individual skill. This is slowly changing and an evidence-base is being developed that can support those new to these activities. Ethical guidance to support trust building practices, especially for those new to these activities, is currently lacking. By providing both a conceptual and normative bioethical analysis grounded in practice, we provide the foundations for new activities and the necessary support for work that explores and determines best practices. This analysis provides an understanding of trust including a taxonomy and a discussion of how different types of trust can be built and can support research activities, as well as problems that can arise. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Trust building activities with communities and participants are crucial to much of translational science and research, but ethical guidance on how to engage in these activities well is lacking. We provide bioethical guidance and offer practical recommendations.

The effect of osteoarthritis exercise on pain and joint range of motion in osteoarthritis patients

Aims. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative and progressive disease characterized by abrasion of joint cartilage and irregular formation of new bone on the surface of the joints. Pain becomes the main symptom followed by a decrease in joint range of motion, causing disability and interfering with daily activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of osteoarthritis exercise on pain and joint range of motion in osteoarthritis patients. Methods. The research design used a quasy experiment with a non-equivalent control group design approach. The sample used was 70 respondents for each intervention group and control group. Intervention in the form of physical exercise osteoarthritis exercise guided by an instructor and using audio-visual media. Exercise is carried out 3 times a week for 2 weeks. For stretching and flexibility exercises using yoga mats and bath towels and for strength building exercises using chairs. The pain scale was measured with a numeric rating scale (NRS) instrument and measurement of joint range of motion using a goniometer. Data analysis used numerical comparative analytic paired-sample t test and independent t test. Findings. The results showed that the results of the paired t test (p) <0.05. thus indicating that there is an effect of providing osteoarthritis gymnastics training intervention on reducing the pain scale. The results of the paired t test (p) <0.05. thus indicating that there is an effect of providing osteoarthritis exercise training interventions on the scale of joint range of motion. The results of the independent t test (p) <0.05, meaning that there is a difference in the osteoarthritis pain scale before and after the intervention, while the test for differences in joint range of motion scale shows a non-significant value of p> 0.05. Conclusion. The conclusion of the study was that there was an effect of osteoarthritis gymnastics training in reducing the osteoarthritis pain scale and joint range of motion scale. Then there is no difference between the control group and the intervention group who get gymnastic exercises and do not get osteoarthritis gymnastic exercises. Keywords: Osteoarthritis exercise; Osteoarthritis; Pain, Joint range of motion

CLIMATE CHANGE, POLICY DEVELOPMENT, AND GOVERNANCE: A SPECIAL FOCUS ON INDIA

With a focus on the Indian context, this paper explores the complex relationship between governance, policy creation, and climate change. Our study uses a mixed-methods approach and starts with a thorough analysis of the body of knowledge on India's governance systems, climate change policy, and related topics. We gather primary data from key stakeholders through surveys and interviews with them, as well as through secondary sources like academic journals and government papers, including representatives of civil society and environmental experts. The report examines India's climate change policies in-depth, evaluating their coherence, efficacy, and compliance with international obligations. In addition, we conduct case studies in several Indian states to find best practices and areas where policy implementation needs to be improved. In order to identify important lessons and methods that may be applied to India, comparative study of international experiences in climate governance is helpful. Engagement of stakeholders is a key element that offers priceless insights into the difficulties and opportunities involved in developing and implementing climate policies. To forecast the potential impact of various policy options on India's climate resilience and emissions reduction ambitions, scenario building exercises are used. By utilizing this reliable methodology, our research aims to advance knowledge of climate governance and policy formulation while providing detailed suggestions for improving India's climate governance framework and hastening the country's transition to sustainability and climate change resilience.

Unraveling effort thrombosis: a comprehensive case report on page-schroetter syndrome

Background: Page-Schroetter Syndrome (PSS) is a rare variant of thoracic outlet syndrome which requires early intervention to prevent formation of deep vein thrombosis in the upper limbs. Development of PSS depends on risk factors such as young-aged athletes, typically of male sex, who exercises using repetitive arm movements such as swimming, muscle building exercises, and handball, aggravating microtrauma to venous intima leading to activation of coagulation cascade. Case Presentation: A case of 33-year-old Saudi male was presented to the emergency department on an acute onset of right arm swelling, redness, and pain. Following calisthenics exercises where he was doing push-ups on an open door. The patient was hemodynamically stable, negative for signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolism, and he denied any history of thrombus-forming events. The patient was diagnosed with PSS after detecting filling defect on Doppler ultrasound, and severe stenosis of the right subclavian vein on venogram. The patient was treated accordingly and was discharged on long-term oral direct anticoagulants. Conclusion: PSS is easily missed due to scarce number of reported cases, and unfamiliarity from the medical personnel with the approach to detect and treat upper limb deep vein thrombosis.

OASES project: promoting evidence-based reforms on medical deserts

Abstract The OASES project aims to strengthen the capacity of public health authorities to reform their health systems and address all the key issues to successfully deal with the challenges posed by medical deserts. The project has adopted a broad definition of “medical desert”: it encompasses any situation in which critical issues arise in the meeting of health needs, demand and supply of health care, i.e. not only the simple shortage of health professionals and services, but also poor quality and low accessibility of health care. The project has developed: • a set of indicators to assess medical desertification, in terms of availability, quality and accessibility of health workers and services; • an analysis of the main causes of the phenomena and possible solutions or mitigation actions, through the literature review; • pilot studies in seven European countries consisting in measuring medical deserts and discussing the antecedents and possible solutions with local stakeholders (consensus building exercise). So far, the project has completed the activities related to the measurement methodology. Currently, pilot studies have been launched, with the aim to: • provide a national overview of medical deserts in the participating countries (Cyprus, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Republic of Moldova and Romania); • assess and characterise the medical desert at national and/or regional level, and the mitigation strategies in place and/or planned; • facilitate consensus on medical deserts mitigation strategies among national/local stakeholders; • provide evidence-based recommendations to mitigate medical deserts in the seven participating countries. The results of the project will provide a proposal for policy actions and solutions against medical desertification for all the EU Member States.

Promoting Crucial Team Building, Collaboration and Communication Skills in Graduate Students through Interactive Retreats.

To promote team building, improve collaborations and enhance communication skills. An offsite yearly retreat was organized for the graduate students in our NIH-funded RISE graduate training program. Retreat themes were addressed through short presentations, case studies, live podcasts, webinars, focus groups, role play, and breakout sessions with various team building exercises to practice communication skills, and identify abilities, knowledge, values, and behaviors. Trainees gave short presentations and served as discussion leaders on topics related to the central theme. Expert guest speakers participated in discussion sessions with the trainees. Trainees evaluated the retreats at the end. A total of 48 trainees, 12 RISE Program faculty and staff, and 26 external speakers from industry, academia, media/journalism, the arts, psychology, and holistic medical fields participated over 9 years. The overall average benefit of the in-person retreats was rated 4.80 on a Likert scale of 1-5 by trainees. Trainees particularly enjoyed the informal interactions with program faculty, staff, and fellow trainees. They appreciated the opportunity to learn soft skills, such as interpersonal communication, conflict resolution and leadership. Two additional retreats conducted virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic were perceived as less beneficial. Off-site interactive retreats are a valuable tool for enhancing soft skills and a sense of team identity in a biomedical sciences graduate program, while covering important issues related to scientific careers.

Meraki: Encouraging Language Learning in Real-World Simulations through AI Para-Social Relationship Building

This paper presents a prototype application designed to teach language, using a dialogue-based theatre production experience. The application engages users in the production of a theatrical performance in a graphical 3D environment and incorporates AI verbal assistance to promote language learning. The application combines declarative and non-declarative memory building exercises to teach Hindi, although it is anticipated that this idea could be expanded to any language/culture. Users who have an intermediate knowledge of the language can evaluate their language skills in a social and professional virtual environment which incorporates motivational elements based around the Self-Determination Theory regulatory styles and Loci of Causality. Verbal AI assistance is used to provide an appropriate level of flow during the experience building a para-social relationship with the video game. Sandhi Viched, a Hindi euphonic junction splitting exercise has been incorporated into each language task. Context splitting the words into its constituent meanings is intended to help the players understand and remember the meaning of words and their use in different contexts. Initial Wizard of Oz testing has demonstrated that the AI verbal assistance provides a good balance between autonomy, competence and relatedness. Feedback from users show that by providing a balanced mix of external, introjected, identified and integrated regulatory motivation styles, as adopted from the Self-Determination theory, the AI assistance can speed up the language acquisition process and build a para-social relationship with the user. This initial evaluation suggests that the idea of theatre production that can incorporate many aspects of language provides a good starting point for an engaging learning game. This LLA topples the dominant belief, that the best way of learning a language through an application is to reinforce their behavior with external rewards. Further work is proposed to expand the application and build in more gamification with a view to conducting a more comprehensive evaluation.

Group Model Building on causes and interventions for falls in Singapore: insights from a systems thinking approach

BackgroundFalls in older adults are the result of a complex web of interacting causes, that further results in other physical, emotional, and psychological sequelae. A conceptual framework that represents the reciprocal dynamics of these causal factors can enable clinicians, researchers, and policymakers to clarify goals in falls intervention in older adults.MethodsA Group Model Building (GMB) exercise was conducted with researchers and clinicians from academic units and public healthcare institutes in Singapore. The aim of the exercise was to produce a shared visual representation of the causal structure for falls and engage in discussions on how current and future falls intervention programmes can address falls in the older adults, especially in the Asian context. It was conducted in four steps: 1) Outlining and prioritising desirable patient outcomes, 2) Conceptual model building, 3) Identifying key intervention elements of effective falls intervention programmes, 4) Mapping of interventions to outcomes. This causal loop diagram (CLD) was then used to generate insights into the current understanding of falls causal relationships, current efforts in falls intervention in Singapore, and used to identify gaps in falls research that could be further advanced in future intervention studies.ResultsFour patient outcomes were identified by the group as key in falls intervention: 1) Falls, 2) Injurious falls, 3) Fear of falling, and 4) Restricted mobility and life space. A CLD of the reciprocal relationships between risk factors and these outcomes are represented in four sub-models: 1) Fear of falling, 2) Injuries associated with falls, 3) Caregiver overprotectiveness, 4) Post-traumatic stress disorder and psychological resilience. Through this GMB exercise, the group gained the following insights: (1) Psychological sequelae of falls is an important falls intervention outcome. (2) The effects of family overprotectiveness, psychological resilience, and PTSD in exacerbating the consequences of falls are not well understood. (3) There is a need to develop multi-component falls interventions to address the multitude of falls and falls related sequelae.ConclusionThis work illustrates the potential of GMB to promote shared understanding of complex healthcare problems and to provide a roadmap for the development of more effective preventive actions.

The Role of Skill in Successful Germination of Melia Volkensii Seeds

Melia volkensii (Melia), locally known as Mukau in Kenya, is an important indigenous dryland forestry species. The species is propagated primarily through seeds, with germination percentage ranging from 40- 90%. Successful germination of seeds of forestry species requires skillful application of appropriate pre-sowing treatments. Studies that document and quantify the effect of skill/experience on the germination outcomes for tree seeds are rare. This study sought to fill this gap by documenting the results from a capacity building exercise on testing M. volkensii seeds. Seeds were collected from the KEFRI Kibwezi seed orchard, pretreated and sown by seven participants with different skill levels based on years of experience. The seeds were sown in glasshouse and nursery conditions. There were significant differences (p < 0.001) in germination capacity, mean germination time, T 50, mean germination rate, mean daily germination (MDG) and peak value (PV) depending on the skill level of the participants. The results also varied between germination environment (p < 0.001) for all germination traits except MGD and T50. The highest germination outcomes were recorded for participants with the longest experience in testing of M. volkensii seed germination. These findings therefore signify the importance of skill/experience in germination of M. volkensiiseeds, an outcome that may have implications for other forestry seeds with special pre-sowing requirements.

Diagnosis and management of dogs with degenerative myelopathy: A survey of neurologists and rehabilitation professionals.

Antemortem diagnosis of degenerative myelopathy (DM) in dogs is presumptive and there are no accepted guidelines for the management of this condition. Describe current practices of neurology clinicians and physical rehabilitation professionals in the diagnosis and management of DM. None. Online surveys examining diagnosis and management of DM were constructed and distributed via neurology and rehabilitation listservs. One hundred ninety neurology and 79 rehabilitation professionals from 20 countries participated. Most neurology (142/189) and rehabilitation (23/39) respondents required genetic testing for the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutation and 82/189 neurologists also required spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for presumptive DM diagnosis. Most neurology respondents recommended exercise (187/190) and physical rehabilitation (184/190). Over 50% (102/190) of neurology respondents perform rechecks on dogs diagnosed with DM. Rehabilitation respondents reported preservation or improvement of strength (78/79) and coordination (77/79) as therapeutic goals. At-home exercises (75/79), underwater treadmill (64/79), gait training (55/79), and strength building exercises (65/79) were used to maintain strength (58/79), coordination (56/79), muscle mass (56/79), and improve overall wellbeing (54/79). Neurology respondents reported that owners elect euthanasia when dogs become nonambulatory paraparetic whereas rehabilitation respondents report euthanasia when paraplegia and incontinence develop. The majority of dogs diagnosed with DM have not undergone advanced imaging, the combination of history, neurological findings, and genetic testing is heavily relied upon. Whereas the diagnosis of DM is frequently made by veterinary neurologists, continued care is often performed by rehabilitation professionals or primary veterinarians.

Interlaboratory development and proposition for a new quality control sample for chemical forensics analysis of chemical warfare agents

A new quality control (QC) test sample for gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was created and analysed to test the comparability and repeatability of chemical forensics results within the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)–designated laboratories. The QC test sample was designed in collaboration between four laboratories and consists of 27 compounds which evaluate the performance of GC–MS instruments. This solution was analysed with GC–MS(EI) in 11 laboratories, seven of which were OPCW designated. The participating laboratories analysed the sample multiple times on consecutive days, as well as after the analysis of a set of complex matrix samples. Retention times, retention indices, peak areas, peak tailing values, signal-to-noise ratios, and isotope ratios were extracted from the GC–MS data, and statistical multivariate analyses with principal component analysis and Hotelling's T2-tests were conducted. The results from these analyses indicate that differences between GC–MS analyses by multiple laboratories were not statistically significant at the 5% level, as the approximate p-value for the null hypothesis of “no differences between the runs” was 0.69. However, similar data processing methods and data normalisation are essential for enabling the reliable comparison of chemical fingerprints between laboratories. A composition for the QC sample and criteria for acceptable GC–MS performance for chemical forensics are proposed. The composition and criteria differ from the currently used chemical weapons verification analysis QC sample by e.g. broadening the range for retention index calculations by addition of new alkane compounds, including new chemicals with concentrations close to the limit of detection (10–100 ng/ml), and including compounds with higher polarity to emulate real-life forensic samples. The proposed criteria include monitoring of retention indices, isotope ratios, peak tailing, signal-to-noise ratios, peak height, mass spectra, and sensitivity of the instrument. The new compounds and criteria will be the subject of future confidence building exercises to validate their relevancy on a large scale.

Yoga training injury detection method based on multi‐sensor information fusion

AbstractYoga, as a kind of body building exercise, has always been loved by people. However, many people suffer from yoga training injuries due to long‐term incorrect posture and wrong exercise methods. There is an urgent need for a technology to help people detect and improve yoga training methods. Based on the past computer assistance method, this paper started from a new idea, and adopted the method of multi‐sensor information fusion to detect yoga training, aiming to help the masses better participate in yoga training. In this study, 50 volunteers were invited to participate in the comparative experiment. Based on multi‐sensor information fusion, and by building a human model, the tension and compression data before and after yoga training were compared to analyze the differences before and after calculation. It was concluded that the more sensors, the higher the degree of information fusion, and the lower the yoga training injury index. The injury index of yoga training without multi‐sensor information fusion technology in the early stage was 0.39. With the increase of the number of sensors, the injury index of yoga training has gradually decreased to 0.02, which was more than 5 percentage points lower than that of the previous methods. The experiment showed that the method of yoga training damage detection based on multi‐sensor information fusion was feasible, which also provided a new idea for the research of yoga training injury detection methods.

Français à la Nouvelle-Orléans par Charles A. Mignot

Reviewed by: Français à la Nouvelle-Orléans par Charles A. Mignot Florin Beschea Mignot, Charles A. Français à la Nouvelle-Orléans. OER, 2021. The first observation in this open educational resource is the "can do" approach exhibited by the table of contents by scaffolding students' strengths and interests, rather than insisting on difficulties and rescuing the learner. The learning outcomes are present at the end of each lesson as well, with the option for the student to self-assess their applied readiness on three levels. The author structured the resource as follows: Three sets of textbooks (Livres 1-3) distinguished by three levels (Niveau 1-3) with each containing 24 lessons. Each Livre is accompanied by two Cahiers, in which there are two Devoirs assigned to each corresponding Leçon in the textbook. The copious material (for a total of nine PDF files) offer effective usage as a whole, and by chapter, theme, and individual need. Since this resource is searchable, it is easy to find diverse exercises to supplement class and student needs. I do not feel comfortable assessing this material as I would a normal textbook, since it varies in both format and structure. However, the PDF format is accessible to both instructors and students, offering a more affordable printing option than other materials on the market. The structure of this material is not always systematic; it follows a traditional vocabulary-grammar-pronunciation approach, spoken and written skill building exercises, and activities in the first two Livres. However, Livre 3 is divided between several "Découverte de la langue" sections followed by "Pratique de la langue" sections, spotted with "Pause langue" exercises, and "Compréhension" checks. A plethora of activities are found both in the Livres and the workbooks (Cahiers), including, for instance, fill-in-theblank, transformation, and substitution exercises. However, I could not access many activities that mention videos and audio files so these aspects remain a hidden resource to me. I also noticed that the author is relying heavily on writing. There are no formal new vocabulary or grammar modules to introduce to students (typical for a communicative class or lesson format). The vocabulary is directly introduced in exercises, while the grammar and pronunciation modules have their own set of explanations, which are sometimes extensive. In terms of cultural-learning modules, I believe the exercises focus outside of the New Orleans area or theme, instead of in it (be it Louisiana French language, culture, artistic expression, particularities, etc.). While this extensive language practice resource could focus more on La Nouvelle Orléans, it is a fantastic source of exercises and activities to do in class with your students, or to assign as homework. [End Page 179] Florin Beschea Davidson College (NC) Copyright © 2023 American Association of Teachers of French

The relationship between peer victimisation, self-esteem, and internalizing symptoms in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Peer victimisation is common and predicts increased internalizing symptoms. Low self-esteem, which is associated with both greater peer victimisation and higher internalizing problems, may help explain why victimised adolescents experience greater internalizing symptoms. Objectives of the present research were to establish the relationships between peer victimisation, internalizing problems, and self-esteem, and to test whether self-esteem mediates the effect of victimisation on internalizing symptoms. We conducted a systematic literature search in Psychinfo, ERIC, Web of science, and Pubmed, following PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were: age 10-18 years; empirical studies that measured a) internalizing symptoms, b) self-esteem, and c) peer victimisation or bullying; design was either longitudinal or cross-sectional with a comparison group. Quality assessment were conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. We conducted random effects models and a meta-mediation analysis, with self-esteem acting as a mediator between peer victimization and internalizing symptoms. Sixteen papers with a total of N = 35,032 (53% female) participants met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated an association between peer victimisation and both high internalizing problems (r = .31, CI 95 = .26 to.36) and low self-esteem (r = -.25, CI 95 = -.29; to -.22), and between low self-esteem and high internalizing problems ((r = -.38, CI 95 = -.42 to -.33), as well as an indirect effect of peer victimization on internalizing symptoms via self-esteem (ß = .10, CI lower = .07, CI upper = .13). Peer victimization, high internalizing symptoms and low self-esteem are all mutually related. Peer victimization partially mediates internalizing symptoms via self-esteem. Anti-bullying programmes may consider incorporating self-esteem building exercises in bully-victims. Limitations include high heterogeneity of results.