Building Design Research Articles

Architectural Design of New Buildings with Seismic Base Isolation and Energy Damping Systems

Architectural Design of New Buildings with Seismic Base Isolation and Energy Damping Systems

System reliability-based design of composite frames with concrete – filled steel plate shear walls

Nowadays, many high-rise buildings are constructed from concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns and concrete-filled steel plate (CFSP) shear walls due to their superior merits. However, these composite buildings are still designed by traditional load and resistance factor design (LRFD) approach which is conservative and impossible to explicitly capture the complex behaviour of CFST structures. Hence, this paper develops an efficient framework for the system design of CFST structures utilizing nonlinear simulation and reliability analysis. Firstly, a C++ source code for a new material model is developed in OpenSees to capture the behaviour of semi-rigid connections. This material is implemented into the numerical model of CFST structures. Secondly, a framework based on subset simulation is developed for the reliability analysis. This code rigorously considers uncertainties of variables such as numerical model, geometric and material properties or applied loads of both American (US) and Australian (AS) standards. Finally, case study and parametric study are conducted by using the developed framework to propose resistance reduction factors for the investigated frames. The results of the study show that the resistance reduction factor can be taken as 0.8 for both AS and US codes. This proposed factor can be a great source of reference for the system design of CFST buildings with composite shear walls.

Impact of Future Climate Change on Energy Consumption in Residential Buildings: A case study for representative cities in Japan

This study examines the impact of future climate change on energy consumption in residential buildings in Japan, taking into account both the current and future typical meteorological year (TMY) database. TMY data is widely used in the building sector for energy performance assessments, system sizing, and optimization. To investigate the impact of current and future TMY databases on energy consumption of buildings, the study predicts the cooling and heating loads of residential buildings in four cities of Japan under the current (2020 ver.) and future (2086 ver.) TMY databases. Results show that the use of future TMY database leads to significant changes in air-conditioning heat loads of residential buildings in Japan. It finds that the annual cooling load in residential buildings of four cites of Japan increases by approximately 12% for Tokyo, approximately 9% for Toyohashi, approximately 8% for Osaka, and approximately 7% for Nagoya, respectively, however the annual heating load decreases by approximately 8% for Tokyo, approximately 9% for Toyohashi, approximately 6% for Osaka, and approximately 5% for Nagoya, respectively, compared to the current TMY database. This finding suggests that climate change will have a significant impact on future building energy consumption, and proposes energy-efficient building design as a solution to mitigate the impact of climate change on building energy consumption.

Design and Analysis of General Hospital Building Using STAAD Pro

Abstract: Structural design is the primary aspect of the civil engineering. The foremost basic in structural engineering is the design of simple basic components and members of a building viz., Beams, Columns and Footings. The principal objective of this project is to analyze and design a general hospital using Staad pro. The design involves manual load calculations, analysis and design of the whole structure using STAAD Pro. The design methods used in STAAD-Pro analysis are Limit State Design conforming to Indian Standard Code of Practice. Structure considered for analysis and design is 21m high hospital building located in the seismic zone III. In this project, we study the effect of various load combinations on the structure by analysing the bending moment diagrams in post processing mode. The project involves detailed drawings of column layout, column detailing and beam detailing

Carbon Footprint of a Nearly Zero Energy Building in Accra (Ghana): an LCA-based Model

This study presents a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) in Accra, Ghana, comparing its environmental impact with a conventional Business-As-Usual (BAU) building over a 50-year lifespan. Adhering to ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 standards, the research evaluates the carbon footprint and operational efficiencies essential to sustainable building designs. Utilizing SimaPro 9.5 software and the IPCC 2021 GWP100 method, the total carbon footprint was quantified at 1727 tons of CO2-equivalent for the NZEB, significantly lower than the BAU comparison. The analysis highlights the operational phase, including waste generation as the most substantial contributor to the NZEB's environmental impact, accounting for 725 tons of CO2-equivalent emissions. Conversely, the strategic inclusion of solar panels and enhanced material selection for the NZEB markedly reduced energy demands, contributing to a net positive environmental outcome with an avoided carbon footprint of approximately -859.72 tons CO2-eq. This reduction underpins the NZEB's effectiveness in leveraging eco-friendly materials and renewable technologies, setting a benchmark for future sustainable construction practices. The study ultimately advocates for an integrated approach, harmonizing technological innovation with environmental stewardship, to mitigate the carbon footprint of the built environment, steering the construction industry towards sustainability.

Challenges That Impact the Development of a Multi-Generational Low-Carbon Passive House in a Small City

The impact of the building and construction sector on climate change is becoming more important and recognized. Multiple initiatives around the globe have been utilized to design and develop residential structures, aiming to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions; yet, there are several barriers to effective construction processes. This research outlines the gaps and barriers encountered by key stakeholders that were engaged during the preconstruction phase of a three-story multi-generational low-impact Passive House in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Through direct observation and open-ended interviews, the primary data are collected, and secondary data from a comprehensive literature review are detailed to capture the challenges faced during different phases of the implementation of sustainable residential dwellings. This study highlights the limited knowledge and experience in sustainable building design as a common barrier among participants along with the insufficiency of the regulatory framework governing adopted building codes in Arkansas, in facilitating sustainable building design implementation. These challenges, among others, are then thoroughly examined, and recommendations to address them are described.

Thinking of Green, Low Carbon, and Energy-Saving Designs Based on the Variable Ventilation of Natatoriums: Taking the Jiading Natatorium of Tongji University as an Example

With the increasing demand for sports activities, sports architecture is flourishing. Creating a comfortable and healthy fitness environment while reducing energy consumption has become a focus for architects. Taking the Jiading Natatorium at Tongji University in Shanghai as an example, this study researched green energy in the variable ventilation of sports venues. The Autodesk Ecotect Analysis 2011 was used to conduct computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation analyses on four scenarios of opening and closing the swimming pool’s roof, with ventilation velocity as the primary evaluation indicator to assess the ventilation environment of each scenario. The relationship between the opening ratio of the roof and the ventilation environment of sports buildings was explored. The results showed that when the opening ratio is 37.5%, it achieves good ventilation effectiveness and avoids excessive wind pressure. The study also summarized six common forms of opening and closing roof structures and compared the differences in wind environments of different roof forms. The results indicated that the shape and opening ratio of the roof has a decisive impact on the distribution of indoor wind speed in buildings. Six optimal opening ratios for different roof forms in summer and suitable site conditions were summarized, providing a reference for the design and selection of swimming pool roofs. Furthermore, the wind speed distribution of different roof types showed a trend of gradually becoming uniform with the increase in opening area. However, the position of the wind speed peak is related to the form and size of the roof opening. This research provides valuable references for the low carbon and energy-efficient design of future swimming pool sports buildings.

Electrical Heating of Carbon Textile Reinforced Concrete—Possible Effects on Tensile Load-Bearing Behavior

Carbon-textile-reinforced concrete (CTRC) is currently used as a high-performance composite material in the construction industry, comprising concrete and a non-metallic reinforcement. In addition to remarkable material properties such as tensile-load-bearing behavior, durability and density, this innovative material features high electrical conductivity, offering the potential for electrical heat generation within building components. This paper contributes to the field by exploring the unique combination of properties exhibited by carbon-textile reinforcements (CTR) electrically heated up to 80 °C. The impact of the electrical heating of CTR was evaluated by conducting stationary tests on load-bearing behavior. The tests were conducted on two different CTRs: one impregnated with polystyrene, and the other with epoxy resin additionally surface-modified with quartz sand. In order to quantify the influence of individual material parameters, tensile tests were conducted on the components comprising CTR and mortar, as well as the composite CTRC. The analysis focused on electrically heated carbon-textile reinforcements, comparing them through experiments conducted at varying ambient temperatures. This study presents pioneering findings on heated CTRC, determining that electrical heating decreases tensile strength with increasing temperature for the investigated reinforcement materials. The softening of the impregnation materials proved to be a decisive factor. This interdisciplinary approach bridges materials science with thermal management in construction, offering insights into the practical applications of CTR in innovative building designs.

Finding the gaps in design strategies and technological advancements for net-zero energy buildings development in India

The climate-adaptive net-zero energy building design is an effective trend for achieving a carbon-neutral environment and reducing global energy demand, especially, in India where building energy consumption recorded substantial growth in the past decade. This review article focuses on the development of net-zero energy buildings in tropical climates through the analysis of 44 real case studies. This study investigates the building envelope parameters, advance technologies, and their effectiveness on the building energy models. In the first phase of this study, fourteen net-zero energy buildings or high-performance buildings in the USA, China, and India considering energy-efficient design features and their significant effect on energy consumption have been examined. Moreover, the role of building simulation tools in improving energy efficiency is discussed. The second phase investigates the thirty best practices of net-zero energy buildings in tropical climates worldwide based on envelope choices, heating, cooling, and lighting features. Furthermore, this review discusses the evolving definitions, challenges, and inconsistencies in terminologies of net-zero energy building and illustrates India's initiatives towards net-zero development. The objectives of this review study are to highlight the challenges in building material research, advanced lighting, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning technologies, and integration of renewable energy compared to developed nations. Additionally, the gaps that are the barriers to the development of net-zero energy building in India have been identified. The review eventually concludes by providing policy recommendations and suggesting areas for future research to facilitate net-zero energy-building development in India.

Comparative Study of RCC Structure of different types by using Shear Wall, Damper & Bracing System

In seismically active places, earthquake restrictions would provide a difficulty to the majority of multistory buildings. The fundamental issue in the design of the multi-story building is lateral stability, which is required to control lateral drift and displacement, withstand lateral pressures, and avoid buckling. Reinforced concrete (RCC) structures usually utilise a damper, bracing, and shear wall system to mitigate the impacts of seismic activity. Both systems have significant structural performance. Despite the fact that both technologies are used for the same purposes, their effects and behaviour in response to seismic load differ. The G+12 storey building, shear wall and bracings will all be considered in this project's analysis. The following criteria will be used to evaluate the building's performance: base shear, storey displacement, and storey drift. This research includes dampers, shear walls, and bracings at various places, and the Etabs 2018 programme will be utilised for the entire analysis.

Research on wind resistance principles and design of super high-rise buildings

Due to the high and flexible characteristics of super high-rise buildings, the structure is very sensitive to wind loads, and wind vibration effects and comfort are issues that cannot be ignored in the structural design of super high-rise buildings. The paper mainly introduces the problems in wind resistance design of super high-rise buildings. Including wind load values, wind vibration effects, and vibration control methods and applications. The result show that the wind induced vibration effect and comfort of the structure are often determined through wind tunnel tests. For super high-rise buildings with complex structural forms. There are two methods for controlling wind-induced vibration in high-rise buildings: Optimizing structural form through architectural methods; Take structural control measures. At the same time, with the cost of high-performance materials and engineering technologies, it is a challenge to find building materials and technologies that can meet wind resistance requirements while keeping costs in check. However, as computational technology continues to evolve, the wind-resistant design of tall buildings will benefit from more accurate wind-tunnel simulations and computational modelling, which will help to better predict and address wind-resistance challenges. Scientists and engineers will continue to research novel materials and structural designs to improve the wind resistance of tall buildings and reduce costs.

Анализ методов получения и обработки данных для формирования 3D-модели генерального плана объекта недвижимости

In the context of increased urbanization and limited land resources, the efficient vertical planning (including underground and airspace) of the territory, taking into account the existing edifices, as well as the design of new facilities to provide the population with the necessary housing (apartment blocks), is of key importance. Implementation of this tendency is impossible without description of the area with metric 3D models (information ones), which should also be reflected in the master plans of real estate objects (in the design of new buildings). The authors provide practical research on selecting optimal methods of getting information and processing it to form a 3D model of capital construction projects (using the example of an apartment block with protruding structures). For obtaining the data (x, y, H) on the position of the real estate object in space, it is proposed to use a combined or photogrammetric method (depending on the specific survey conditions). The authors also concluded the necessity of improving the legal framework regarding the data format for 3D modeling of real estate using domestic (RF) software

Simulation Study on Student Residential Energy Use Behaviors: A Case Study of University Dormitories in Sichuan, China

Studying the energy use behavior of occupants is crucial for accurately predicting building energy consumption. However, few studies have considered the impact of occupant behaviors on energy consumption in university dormitories. The objective of this study is to establish an agent-based model of energy consumption for university dormitories based on energy use behavior. The dormitories of a typical university in Sichuan, China, were subdivided into three clusters using a two-step cluster analysis. Subsequently, the energy use behaviors of occupants in each type of dormitory were characterized to establish a stochastic energy use behavior model. On the basis of the above, NETLOGO was used to construct an agent-based model for dormitories’ energy consumption to dynamically simulate energy use behavior. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the simulated values with the measured data. Finally, a building-energy-friendly retrofit scheme was proposed, and it was found that the optimized dormitory reduced energy consumption by 16.07%. Therefore, the results can provide information support for energy-saving decisions during the early design and retrofit phases of buildings. With the popularity of centralized supply, the research methodology may provide an extensive reference for energy management policies and sustainable strategies in the building sector.

Optimization of substation enclosure performance and carbon emission analysis based on OED

To explore the thermal performance parameters of substation enclosure parameters and interaction and influence degree, using the DeST software simulation and orthogonal test method to building load minimum as the target parameters, select external wall heat transfer coefficient, roof heat transfer coefficient, outer window heat transfer coefficient and orthogonal test factors, carry out the four factors three level L9 (34) Orthogonal test analysis, studied the influence of each factor and its interaction on the building load, and finally obtained the optimal combination of factors under the comprehensive boundary conditions. At the same time, the correlation between load and outdoor temperature in the optimal scheme of unmanned substation and the carbon emission results before and after optimization are also explored. The results show that through univariate analysis, with the heat transfer coefficient of exterior wall, roof and window, the cumulative cooling load is not linear. Through the orthogonal experimental analysis, the significance of substation building is> roof exterior wall> south Angle> window, and the optimal is A1-B1-C2-D2The annual cumulative building cooling load is 20165.59 kW h, and the peak cooling load appears on July 24. The operating condition of 0 ~ 9kW accounts for 90.6% of the annual operating time. There is a strong linear correlation between the building cooling load and the outdoor temperature (R2=0.65), the energy saving rate of the final optimized scheme is 17.71%, and the carbon saving rate is 26.72%. The research content of this paper provides reference for the renovation of existing buildings and the design of new buildings in substation buildings.

Towards an Effective Architectural Form: The Composition of Squareness and Roundness Based on Scale Proportion—Evidence from the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda

Investigating the mathematical and geometric principles embedded in ancient classic architecture is a significant tradition in the history of architectural development. Drawing inspiration from the modular design and creative ideology based on the geometric proportions of squareness and roundness in ancient Chinese architecture, we propose a new mode of squareness and roundness composition based on scale proportion specifically for the design of multi-story buildings. Taking Yingxian Wooden Pagoda as the case study, we not only re-evaluate the modular system and proportional rules followed in the design of the entire pagoda, but also reveal the technical approaches and geometric rules for effectively controlling the form of multi-story buildings. In particular, the mode of squareness and roundness composition based on scale proportion, utilizing a modular grid combined with squareness and roundness drawings as decision-making tools, can control the scale and proportion of buildings across different design dimensions and organically coordinate the design of multi-story buildings’ plans and elevations. Thus, it can achieve an effective balance of multi-story architectural forms. This study has potential applications in the creation of traditional multi-story buildings and heritage restoration projects, and offers valuable insights for future research on ancient multi-story buildings.

Analysis of the indoor thermal environment of traditional residents in the South Sichuan China region in summer and plum rainy seasons—taking Baiyang village in Yibin city as an example

ABSTRACT In hot summer and cold winter areas, the humid and sultry summer and rainy season problems have long affected the health of residents. Through a questionnaire survey and site measurements, the indoor thermal environment of typical southern Sichuan village houses was investigated. The average indoor humidity of the old traditional dwelling (85–95%) in the rainy season was much greater than that of the new rural house (70–80%), both of which are outside the standard thermal comfort range of the human body. In summer, the situation is slightly better but still uncomfortable. The APMV evaluation results reveal that in the rainy season, the new residential house is more comfortable than the traditional residential house, while in summer, the opposite situation occurs. The measurements show that the thermal inertia index of the old stone masonry house is large, which indicates that the house has a strong ability to resist temperature fluctuations. Therefore, we discussed different performance improvement strategies for these two types of rural residences. This study is conducive to improving the thermal environment of local residential buildings and provides a reference for the future design of rural ecological residential buildings.

СУЧАСНІ АРХІТЕКТУРНО-ПЛАНУВАЛЬНІ ПРИЙОМИ ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ БІЗНЕС-ЦЕНТРІВ В УМОВАХ ВЕЛИКОГО МІСТА

The article provides materials for the analysis of the development of business centers as a specific class of buildings in a modern big city. Examples of eternal and global experience in designing and building business centers of various functional purposes are given. Various trends and directions in the process of design and construction of business center buildings in Ukraine and foreign countries were studied. Тhe interrelationship of the quality of spatial planning and visual solutions of these objects with the demand for them on the market and their further development prospects is considered. . Considered various options for the formation of business center buildings in the existing urban planning conditions of settlements. The main architectural and planning schemes and compositional techniques in the design of such buildings are defined. As a practical experience, the project proposal of a business center building in the central part of the Sumy city was considered, and its functional and planning structure was analyzed. The scientific novelty and practical significance of this work lies in the fact that the main trends of the architectural and planning organization of modern business centers, as centers of business and economic activity in a large city, are determined, and the priority directions for the formation of the functional structure of such objects are outlined both in modern realities and for the future

MULTI-OBJECTIVE GREEN DESIGN MODEL BASED ON COSTS, CO2 EMISSIONS AND SERVICEABILITY FOR HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS WITH A MEGA-STRUCTURE SYSTEM

In light of growing environmental concerns, the reduction of CO2 emissions is increasingly vital. Particularly in the construction industry, a major contributor to global carbon emissions, addressing this issue is critical for environmental sustainability and mitigating the accelerating impacts of climate change. This study proposes the Optimal Green Design Model for Mega Structures (OGDMM) to optimise CO2 emissions, cost-effectiveness, and serviceability in highrise buildings with mega structures. The OGDMM examines the impact of each material and structural design of main members on these three critical aspects. Analytical results for high-rise buildings (120–200 m, slenderness ratio: 2.0–8.0) demonstrate that OGDMM can reduce CO2 emissions and costs by an average of 4.67% and 3.97%, respectively, without compromising serviceability. To ensure comprehensive evaluation, this study introduces five new evaluation indicators encompassing environmental, economic, and serviceability performances of high-rise buildings. Based on these criteria, optimised structural designs for high-rise buildings are classified into four categories according to slenderness ratio, leading to the formulation of corresponding design guidelines. The model’s applicability is further validated through its application to a 270-m-tall high-rise building in Korea, showing reductions in CO2 emissions and costs by 8.99% and 18.50%, respectively, while maintaining structural serviceability.

ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ ТЕАТРАЛЬНО-ВИДОВИЩНИХ ЦЕНТРІВ ДЛЯ ДІТЕЙ ТА МОЛОДІ (на прикладі досвіду кафедри дизайну архітектурного середовища)

The article explores the influence of educational, research, and competitive design of theatrical and spectacle buildings developed by professors and students of the Department of Architectural Environment Design at the Institute of Architecture and Design National University "Lviv Polytechnic". Within the framework of the contemporary cultural and educational environment, where active youth participation is a vital component of cultural development, there is a necessity for the creation of adaptive, innovative spaces for creativity and communication. The persistence of outdated architectural forms, characteristic of the Soviet period, particularly in segments like theaters for young audiences and puppet theaters, is emphasized. The absence of innovation in these types of structures at the beginning of the 21st century is noted, especially concerning theatrical and spectacle institutions such as theaters for young audiences and puppet theaters, which continue to exist but do not meet the modern needs for quality cultural education of Ukrainian youth. An analysis of over ten projects at all levels shows that a significant portion not only reproduces the concepts of architects from the second half of the 20th century but also incorporates elements inherited from theatrical and spectacle buildings of the former USSR. However, in recent years, the Lviv architectural school, particularly following the establishment of the Department of Architectural Environment Design, has shown a tendency towards experimentation and the search for innovative solutions for the architecture of the future. This is evidenced by the results of educational and competitive design projects, as well as the introduction of special courses that revive the ideas of futuristic architecture from the last century. Achievements in this field reflect the architectural visions of renowned masters such as F. Kiesler and I. Leonidov, as well as contemporary researchers like A. Quarmby, K. Tange, B. Fuller, G. Golmin and G. Kreiger, who explore the possibilities of future architecture. The article provides a classification of theatrical and spectacle centers for children and youth. The author discusses factors that continue to negatively impact the development of theatrical and spectacle centers in Ukraine in the future. The experience of designing research, educational, and competitive projects, exemplified by the activities of the Department of Architectural Environment Design, demonstrates that it can find application in the applied architectural and construction industry of the country as a whole.

Biophilic Urban Hotel Design and Restorative Experiencescapes

When considering how hotels can facilitate aesthetics that offer restorative benefits to business and leisure travelers, extant research suggests natural environments serve as a refuge and that time spent in nature promotes well-being. Based on the tenets of Stress Recovery Theory (SRT), combined with the theoretical perspective of prospect-refuge, we examine, through a series of conjoint analyses, how combinations of biophilic design elements differ in the extent to which they are perceived to enhance guests’ restoration, including relaxation, energy, and mind clarity. We further explore how these perceptions change based on higher and lower levels of individuals’ longer-term states of anxiety and stress. Findings can be translated into practical applications, ensuring that the biophilic elements more closely aligned with restoration and psychological needs are prioritized in urban hotel building and interior design.