Relevance. The problems of the withdrawal of natural resource rent in the development of mineral deposits have been relevant throughout the history of the development of natural resources, and they are of particular importance at the present stage, when the demand for a fair distribution of income comes to the fore in the economic and political development of society. The task of determining a reasonable economic assessment of mineral raw materials is one of the most difficult to solve in the field of environmental economics due to the huge variety of mineral deposits that are difficult to unify, price volatility, differentiated economic conditions for development, etc. The purpose of the research – determination of the degree of withdrawal of the potential value of mineral raw materials in the bowels through tax revenues generated by the mining enterprises of the republic. Research methodology. During the research, methods of economic and statistical analysis, economic and geographical analysis were used, monographic, abstract-logical, analytical, systematic approaches were used. Results. In the course of the study, a cost estimate was made of the mineral resource potential of the Komi Republic, which was based on the methodological recommendations of the Russian Geological Research Institute named after A. P. Karpinsky (VSEGEI), experts in the field of mineral raw material evaluation and the author’s methodology. The analysis of the main approaches of tax policy in the world practice was carried out, which, with all the existing differences between countries, testifies to the main goal of the fiscal policy of taxation of the mining industries – the maximum withdrawal of profits while maintaining the interest of entrepreneurs in continuing the high-risk mining business. The paper considered tax revenues generated in the extractive sector of the region’s economy, which were compared with the main macroeconomic indicators of the Komi Republic and the Russian Federation, as well as the results of the valuation of the mineral resource potential. Conclusion. As a result of the study, the dual role of taxation of the mining industry is shown – the vast majority of tax revenues are generated in the mineral resource sector, but the existing budget rules lead to the fact that at the regional level their role is significantly reduced. This should serve as an incentive to expand the opportunities for the development of deposits of local raw materials, the income from the development of which serves as a source of replenishment of the regional budget.