Budget Crunch Research Articles

Planning an Agile Response.

Planning an Agile Response John D Tupin Our IRB reviewed just over 200 COVID-related studies with an additional 170 individual actions in relation to those studies. [End Page 80] Social behavioral ranged from studies addressing PTSD among front line workers to transitions to telemedicine care; many of our studies focused on underserved and racially diverse communities. Biomedical and clinical studies addressed early efforts to evaluate the efficacy of remdesivir, convalescent plasma, and vaccines. Imaging studies included detection of ancillary effects on organ systems and inflammation. The university also created and validated high throughput, up to 56,000 tests a week, saliva-based testing. One of the challenges we faced was emergency use. Our first encounter with COVID-19 occurred in early 2020. The subject was in critical condition, incapacitated and on a ventilator. The patient had no definitive COVID diagnosis as the test was withheld by the responsible public health agency owing to irregularities in symptoms. However, due to the nature of the virus we made the decision to move forward with the manufacturer to treat the patient in the belief that the formal diagnosis would be made and coincide with administration. The IRB made the decision to verbally remote consent the legally authorized representative (LAR), with a waiver of documentation until the immediate hazard could be eliminated and document the process concurrently with written consent at a later time. Our early experience in obtaining treatment medication was rocky. The original study was funded by NIH and as such was beholden to a single reviewing IRB. At that time I believe that the potential scope and impact was less understood. As such, the reviewing IRB had not considered "out of network" providers and researchers and had to delay until institutional approval could be obtained. The problematic issue here was the unavailability of the institutional decision maker and no process for emergency delegation. I can't blame them, as this was new territory. It was apparent to the IRB and the potential PI that it was necessary to add a second IRB of record. The sponsoring agency was contacted and apprised of the issues; shortly thereafter a second IRB was activated. The additional IRB was structured for multisite studies and had a great deal of experience in pharmaceutical studies. Further, the second IRB employed Smart IRB, allowing for a streamlined reliance process and quick activation. Moving forward, we have developed a robust delegation chain and will advocate strongly for an expedited waiver of the single IRB requirement. The university has been an active and leading center for telemedicine, however, COVID 19 produced some interesting issues. First, there were many commercial services that provided peer to peer programs that are easy to use and accessible to the majority in the community. That meant that providers and researchers were no longer tied to proprietary, homegrown systems that required specialized hardware, software and user accounts generated by in-house IT. However, it presented a new host of issues. Security concerns including data transmission, encryption, storage and ownership became a very important issue. Best case scenario data was being transmitted only and never backed up or duplicated. But what if it was? And where were the duplicates residing: dedicated domestic servers, in the cloud? Were the systems HIPAA or part 11 compliant? Additionally, what about rural patients, the homeless and impoverished, or my 86 year-old father who uses his laptop as a paperweight? We quickly were able to identify systems and vendors that we had used in patient care as secure and validated a handful of others that could be used during the public health crisis. What remains to be done is a clearer way for new vendors or those who did not intend for their systems to be used in medical treatment to validate their products in a way that is acceptable to the end user and the vendor. As to the underserved communities, how to make the technology available in a safe secure way that addresses all of the above issues and public safety needs to be studied and addressed. Another challenge we faced, and one of the now-obvious issues that we didn't consider, is the budget crunch that...

Teachers’ Union Power in a Budget Crunch: Lasting Ramifications of Differential Spending Responses to the Great Recession

In the wake of the 2007 housing crash and subsequent economic recession, state legislatures across the country faced substantial declines in revenues, and by 2011, for the first time in more than a decade, average spending on education declined. However, states’ budgetary responses to the Great Recession were decidedly uneven, with some making lasting cuts to public education. This article uses longitudinal data on state-level educational spending, politics, demographics, economic well-being, and a unique set of union strength indicators to assess the strength of teachers’ unions as advocates for education spending by examining their role in states’ varied budgetary responses to the Great Recession. We find that states with laws prohibiting collective bargaining for teachers and states with lower union dues per teacher made substantially larger cuts to overall educational expenditures, even after controlling for time-invariant state characteristics, secular trends, and an extensive set of time-variant state-level covariates.

How Automation Can Help Alleviate the Budget Crunch in Public Health Research.

In an era of severe funding constraints for public health research, more efficient means of conducting research will be needed if scientific progress is to continue. At present major funders, such as the National Institutes of Health, do not provide specific instructions to grant authors or to reviewers regarding the cost efficiency of the research that they conduct. Doing so could potentially allow more research to be funded within current budgetary constraints and reduce waste. I describe how a blinded randomized trial was conducted for $ 275,000 by completely automating the consent and data collection processes. The study used the participants' own computer equipment, relied on big data for outcomes, and outsourced some costly tasks, potentially saving $1 million in research costs.

UK government slammed for Kew Gardens budget crunch

UK government slammed for Kew Gardens budget crunch

HIV Tests And New Diagnoses Declined After California Budget Cuts, But Reallocating Funds Helped Reduce Impact

Historically, California supplemented federal funding of HIV prevention and testing so that Californians with HIV could become aware of their infection and obtain lifesaving treatment. However, budget deficits in 2009 led the state to eliminate its supplemental funding for HIV prevention. We analyzed the impact of California's HIV resource allocation change between state fiscal years 2009 and 2011. We found that the number of HIV tests declined 19 percent, from 66,629 to 53,760, in local health jurisdictions with high HIV burden. In low-burden jurisdictions, the number of HIV tests declined 90 percent, from 20,302 to 2,116. New diagnoses fell from 2,434 in 2009 to 2,235 in 2011 (calendar years) in high-burden jurisdictions and from 346 to 327 in low-burden ones. California's budget crunch prompted state and local programs to redirect remaining HIV funds from risk reduction education to testing activities. Thus, the impact of the budget cuts on HIV tests and new HIV diagnoses was smaller than might have been expected given the size of the cuts. As California's fiscal outlook improves, we recommend that the state restore supplemental funding for HIV prevention and testing.

Collection management and the budget crunch: are we adequately preparing library students for current practices?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine whether collection management practices that evolved as a result of recent budgetary constraints are included in the LIS curriculum or not. Design/methodology/approach – Ten collection management trends related to budgetary constraints were identified through a review of the literature. Then, collection management educators at ALISE member institutions were identified and surveyed regarding the inclusion of the aforementioned trends in their curricula. Survey results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Findings – Four trends (collaborative collection development, just-in-time acquisitions, patron-driven-acquisitions, and participation in consortia) were mentioned in nearly all curricula; six others were covered with varying frequency. Professional standards are also found to include limited information on collection management. Additionally, a review of two popular collection development texts revealed that very few of the trends were covered in a budgetary context. Originality/value – This study examines collection management education in a novel way and highlights the disconnect between professional practice, professional standards, and education. The paper also adds the domain of collection development to the discussion of how or why LIS courses are influenced by practice.

Budget Malaise May Hit DOE's One Big Growth Area

The Department of Energy office that funds bread-and-butter research with the closest ties to energy and runs the department's big user facilities is facing a budget crunch after years of steady growth.

Innovate or Evaporate: Coping with Budget Cuts

Innovate or Evaporate: Coping with Budget Cuts

Museums' Role: Pollen and Forensic Science

In her News & Analysis story, Budget crunch to shrink science programs at Chicago's Field Museum (4 January, p. [19][1]), V. Morell reports that Chicago's Field Museum's science program will be slashed by $3 million. Now more than ever, it is essential to convey the importance of natural history

Museums' Role: Increasing Knowledge

Great natural history museums are among world's premier institutions of scientific research, training, and education. The research produced by these museums, based on their collections of biological, geological, and anthropological specimens, has been of incalculable importance in formulating and testing most fundamental theories and principles of these and related disciplines. In biological sciences, for instance, contributions from past curators of these collections form pillars of modern evolutionary biology [e.g., ([ 1 ][1]–[ 3 ][2])]. We therefore read with deep concern of plans to drastically reduce role of scientific research at one of world's greatest museums of natural history, Chicago's Field Museum (Budget crunch to shrink science programs at Chicago's Field V. Morell, News & Analysis, 4 January, p. [19][3]). The collections of Field Museum are an irreplaceable scientific resource, and scientists who care for, augment, and make them available for study by others are also renowned contributors to science in their own right. Their loss would be a blow not just to Museum, but to scientific enterprise as a whole. In making bequest that endowed Smithsonian, Smithson epitomized what has become mission of modern natural history museums: They are institutions for the increase and diffusion of knowledge ([ 4 ][4]). Many science museums can mount exhibits for diffusion of knowledge, but only museums such as Field, with its collections and scientists, can contribute so much to its increase. For Field Museum to abandon this duty would be unconscionable. We urge Museum's authorities and supporters to find a way to prevent such a calamity. 1. [↵][5]1. E. Mayr , Systematics and Origin of Species (Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1942). 2. 1. G. G. Simpson , Tempo and Mode in Evolution (Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1944). 3. [↵][6]1. B. Rensch , Neuere Probleme der Abstammungslehre (Enke, Stuttgart, 1947). 4. [↵][7]1. J. Smithson , James Smithson makes his will (1826); [http://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris\_sic\_638][8]. [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-3 [3]: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6115/19.full [4]: #ref-4 [5]: #xref-ref-1-1 View reference 1 in text [6]: #xref-ref-3-1 View reference 3 in text [7]: #xref-ref-4-1 View reference 4 in text [8]: http://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_sic_638

Budget Crunch to Shrink Science Programs at Chicago's Field Museum

Scientists say proposed layoffs at the Field Museum will hurt its ability to do world-class research.

Private labs caught in budget crunch

Biomedical-lab closure highlights plight of independent research institutes that rely heavily on federal grants.

DATA UPDATING METHODS FOR SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE THAT MAINTAIN INFRASTRUCTURE QUALITY AND ENABLE ITS SUSTAINABLE OPERATION

Abstract. The Japanese government, local governments and businesses are working closely together to establish spatial data infrastructures in accordance with the Basic Act on the Advancement of Utilizing Geospatial Information (NSDI Act established in August 2007). Spatial data infrastructures are urgently required not only to accelerate computerization of the public administration, but also to help restoration and reconstruction of the areas struck by the East Japan Great Earthquake and future disaster prevention and reduction. For construction of a spatial data infrastructure, various guidelines have been formulated. But after an infrastructure is constructed, there is a problem of maintaining it. In one case, an organization updates its spatial data only once every several years because of budget problems. Departments and sections update the data on their own without careful consideration. That upsets the quality control of the entire data system and the system loses integrity, which is crucial to a spatial data infrastructure. To ensure quality, ideally, it is desirable to update data of the entire area every year. But, that is virtually impossible, considering the recent budget crunch. The method we suggest is to update spatial data items of higher importance only in order to maintain quality, not updating all the items across the board. We have explored a method of partially updating the data of these two geographical features while ensuring the accuracy of locations. Using this method, data on roads and buildings that greatly change with time can be updated almost in real time or at least within a year. The method will help increase the availability of a spatial data infrastructure. We have conducted an experiment on the spatial data infrastructure of a municipality using those data. As a result, we have found that it is possible to update data of both features almost in real time.

Lobbyists confront US budget crunch

Money for advocacy is tight as federal cuts loom.

Budget Crunch: Implications for European Defence

The global financial crisis of 2007–08 and the subsequent recession in most European economies has created a new dynamic for defence spending. Even before the crisis, the punishing demands of operations on armed forces revealed shortfalls in capabilities and the cost of new equipment was rising at a rate of 5–10% per year. As both trends continue, European governments now struggling to control public deficits have launched a series of austerity measures across the board. In the overall scheme of government priorities, defence spending has become discretionary and many defence ministers have already been asked to make do with less money. There are two basic options in light of these developments: either lower ambitions and accept that reduced financial resources will lead to reduced capabilities, or use the budget crunch as an opportunity to do things differently, to protect capability and perhaps even improve it. If budgetary pressure leads to structural reforms that eliminate unnecessary legacy capabilities and focus on capabilities relevant to present operations and future contingencies, this crisis will be a blessing in disguise.

Defense Management Challenges for the Next American President

The next American president will face a daunting list of national security problems, including a serious defense budget crunch. The budget crisis will be deepened by the global financial crisis, a tapering of supplemental funding associated with the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the steady growth of military healthcare and other personnel costs. After six years of rapid defense budget increases, the Pentagon has lost the practice of matching strategy and resources. The next president will need to manage risk among investments in irregular warfare, counterterrorism, balancing new super powers, countering weapons of mass destruction, and traditional warfare. He will also need to begin to build non-military “soft power” capabilities outside of the Pentagon.

Budget Pressure Puts High-Profile Study in Doubt

A budget crunch has delayed and could scuttle a major U.S. cancer-prevention trial set to begin in April. The $100 million experiment aims to compare a new drug, letrozole, to older pills for preventing breast cancer in women after menopause. (Read more.)

Astrobiology Fights for Its Life

ASTROBIOLOGYA decade after NASA pledged to create a robust program to find and understand life in the universe, researchers face a debilitating budget crunch and skepticism within their own agency. ([Read more][1].) [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/315/5810/318

Table of Contents

Nonprofit Communications ReportVolume 3, Issue 6 p. 1-11 Table of Contents First published: 04 March 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/npcr.10010Read the full textAbout ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Be Available to Media 24/7 Assess Your PR Effectiveness How to Get the Most Out of Your Publicity Behind-the-scenes Preparedness Be Prepared For the Publicity You Seek Still Time to Win Mini iPod! Effective Meeting Techniques Create An Effective Board Meeting Agenda Meetings 101 Five Tips for Taking Meeting Minutes Challenging Traditions Involve Key Constituents in Public Awareness Campaigns Expert Opinion Rebranding? Get Extra Mileage from Graphic Design Media ‘Point Person’ Adds Level of Trust Be Ready for TV Interviews Professional Profile: Irene Towt Editor's Career Path Comes Full Circle What's Working for Your Peers E-mail Addresses: To Post or Not to Post Sending a Consistent Message Create Comprehensive E-mail Signature Policy Registering Your Trademark Budget Crunch? Don't Let Newsletters Go Challenging Traditions Are Parades Worth the Time and Effort? One Expert's Opinion Don't Seek Media Attention; Let It Come To You Doing Your Homework Image Audit Forms Basis for Marketing Campaign Creative Budget Management ‘Wish List’ Lets Supporters Fill Nonbudget Equipment Needs Ways To Say Thanks Ways to Get More Members Celebrate Father Figures Tools You Can Use Measure Your Advertising Effectiveness Use Strong Images to Sell Your organization Increase Photo Impact by Ratcheting Up Size, Quality Volume3, Issue6June 2005Pages 1-11 RelatedInformation

For Better or for Worse

SUMMARY As electronic journals, or e-journals, have become more prevalent, publishers, libraries, and users have all had to adapt to a new paradigm, to new methods for publishing, acquiring, providing access to, preserving, and searching for research articles. Publishers offer new and constantly changing subscription and pricing models, and the prices of many commercial journals have been increasing at rates far exceeding the rate of inflation. The resulting budget crunch has driven significant changes in the way libraries develop their collections as they strive to reformulate their traditional role as provider and preserver of information. Some libraries are working more in consortium with other libraries to purchase large bundled journal packages now offered as one of the new subscription models developed by publishers. While this appears to be a win-win situation for libraries and users in the consortium, potential drawbacks to e-journals and the big bundled packages may impact libraries and researchers alike. This study investigates some of the potential effects of a move toward e-journal only collections, large bundled journal packages, and consortial purchasing including archival, economic, content, and research impact issues. Future predictions are difficult in the current, rapidly changing scholarly publishing environment, but a number of initiatives provide hope for the future of academic libraries and their users.