Bucket System Research Articles

Pengaruh Penyemprotan Monokalium Fosfat dan Pemangkasan Pucuk terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Produksi Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frustescens L.) pada Hidroponik Sistem Dutch Bucket

Cayenne pepper plant (Capsicum frustences L.) is a plant that is synonymous with its spicy taste, so consumption needs are increasing. However, production of cayenne pepper plants has decreased due to a decrease in land conversion and climate influences. Application of hydroponic dutch bucket system and monopotassium phosphate (MKP) spraying as well as shoot pruning techniques at certain times to increase production. This research aims to determine the effect of MKP spraying and shoot pruning on the growth and production of cayenne pepper plants using the dutch bucket hydroponic system. The experimental design used two factorsthree test. The first factor is variation in concentration of MKP administration, with 3 levels. The second factor is the pruning time with 3 levels so that there are 27 experimental units. The data is then analyzed and evaluated using analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Each observed variable is analyzed separately and significant differences between average values are based on tests Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a confidence level of 95%. The results show for the stem diameter variable, the monopotassium phosphate spraying treatment gave very significantly different results and shoot pruning gave significantly different results.The combination of monopotassium phosphate spraying treatment with a dose of 4 g/liter and a shoot pruning time of 21 days after planting (M3N2) gave the highest results for the variables of stem diameter, number of flowers to fruit, number of fruit, and fruit weight.

Agile Effort Estimation: Comparing the Accuracy and Efficiency of Planning Poker, Bucket System, and Affinity Estimation Methods

Published studies on agile effort estimation predominantly focus on comparisons of the accuracy of different estimation methods, while efficiency comparisons, i.e. how much time the estimation methods consume was not in the forefront. However, for practical use in software development, the time required can be a very important cost factor for enterprises, especially when the accuracy of different agile effort estimations is similar. In this study, we thus try to advance the current standard accuracy comparison between methods by introducing efficiency, i.e. time it takes to use a method as an additional dimension of comparison. We conduct this comparison between three agile effort estimation methods that were not yet compared in the literature, namely, Planning Poker, Bucket System and Affinity Estimation. For the comparison, we used eight student teams with 29 students who had to use all the effort estimation methods during the course where they had to finish a programming project in 3 weeks. The results indicate that after the students get used to using the different methods the accuracy between them is not statistically significantly different, however, the efficiency is. On average, Bucket System and Affinity Estimation methods take half as much time as Planning Poker.

First Report of Diaporthe fruit rot and stem canker of hydroponic cucumber caused by Diaporthe sp. in the United States.

Multiple Diaporthe spp. cause root and fruit rots or stem lesions on Cucumis spp.: D. cucurbitae, D. melonis, D. longicolla (syn. D. eres), D. pterocarpi, D. sclerotioides, D. sojae, and D. ueckerae (Broge et al. 2020; Fukada et al. 2018; Udayanga et al. 2012, 2015). From May-August 2021, cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) 'Katrina' and 'Alcazar' were grown in a 24-plant, commercial Bato bucket system with rockwool blocks on a perlite substrate in a research greenhouse in Wooster, Ohio. At maturity, plants collapsed rapidly from stem lesions without foliar chlorosis (25% of 'Katrina' and 17% of 'Alcazar'). Lesions were 7.5 to 15 cm in length, tan to golden-brown with black pycnidia and located 5 to 15 cm above the crown. Stems shredded easily with vascular discoloration around the lesion. Two identical fungal strains were isolated on ½ acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA) following surface disinfestation with 0.6% sodium hypochlorite for 30 s and sterile water rinse. Fungal cultures were floccose, white to tan mycelia with pycnidia. Oblong, elliptical, biguttulate, aseptate alpha conidia were observed with mean dimensions: 8.0 µm (5.2-9.8 µm) by 3.1 µm (2.5-3.8 µm) on ½ APDA and 9.8 µm (6.6-12.4 µm) by 3.0 µm (1.9-5.3 µm) on petioles. On prune extract agar, beta conidia mean dimensions were: 19.7 µm (12.0-27.7 µm) by 1.2 µm (0.8-1.8 µm). Fungal DNA was amplified and sequenced bidirectionally with ITS (ITS4/ITS5), CAL (CAL228F/737R), HIS (CYLH3F/H3-1B), TEF1 (EF1-728f/EF1-986R), and TUB2 (Bt1a/Bt1b) primers (Carbone and Kohn 1999; Glass and Donaldson 1995) (GenBank: OP265712-13, OP288460-65, OQ418506-07). Based on a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of concatenated genes, this novel Diaporthe sp., most closely related to D. stewartii, has not been reported on Cucumis spp. Strains were deposited in the USDA-ARS Culture Collection (NRRL# 64461-62). Koch's postulates were conducted in a greenhouse with mean day temperature of 25°C and 12 hr supplemental lighting. One-month old cucumbers 'Katrina,' grown in rockwool cubes (5 plants per isolate) and potting mix (6 plants per isolate), were inoculated with a one-week-old culture of either strain. The second true leaf was cut and a pipette tip containing an inoculated plug of ½ APDA was placed on the remaining petiole (Mathew et al. 2018). Non-inoculated ½ APDA was used for controls. Plants were tarped for 24 hours to increase humidity and pipette tips removed after one week. After two weeks, petioles were shrunken, tan to golden brown with pycnidia. After 3-4 weeks, stem lesions matching those above were observed on inoculated plants, and plants collapsed. For fruit rot, three Beit Alpha cucumbers were rinsed with tap water, dried, a 5 mm plug was removed from the fruit and replaced with a 5 mm plug of one-week-old fungus on ½ APDA. After 3 days, fruits were water soaked and soft. For root rot, two plates of one-week-old cultures were macerated in 500 mL of sterile water and mixed with 1500 mL of vermiculite. Two seeds of cucumber 'Katrina' were planted into three reps of each isolate and control. All control seeds germinated, but all inoculated seeds experienced pre- or post-emergence damping off. No symptoms were ever observed on any controls. Fungi were isolated from all inoculated tissues as described above. Based on morphology, Diaporthe sp. was isolated from all inoculated plants but never from controls. This Diaporthe sp. may be a new constraint to hydroponic cucumber production, but incidence needs to be determined globally.

MAINTENANCE BRIGADE STRATEGIC PLANNING AND ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE

This research paper addresses the problem of maintenance planning and scheduling in hospital maintenance. It discusses the effective utilization of mechanics in strategic maintenance planning advocates the use of relay-type of maintenance brigade system (MBS), a system-based mechanic assignment techniques based on self-balancing bucket system created by Bartholdi and Eisenstein was thus adopted and tested. The MBS was compared to traditional assignment techniques via mechanic availability and mechanic utilization each at different levels according to maintenance performance assessment values. The results obtained with MBS showed some improvements compared to the traditional method of maintenance. The MBS had performance, utilization and productivity scores of: 91.7%, 92.3%,93.2% respectively compared to 71.4%, 69.2%, 69.2% respectively. The replacement time to service power generating set1 using MBS was approximately eleven hours lesser than the actual time compared to the traditional method.

A Comparative Study of India's Education Policy 1986 And The New Education Policy 2023: Assessing Continuities, Changes & Implications

Education has been around since man first walked the earth's surface. Education is more than just reading books and earning a degree from a university; it is the physical, mental, financial, and economic development of an individual. The goal of education is to bring about an individual's overall growth and to make him an efficient participant actively contributing to the advancement of the future nation. Every country designs its education system to reflect and support its distinct socio-cultural character, while also addressing the rising demand for employment and professional opportunities. The country has reached a point in its economic and technological development when measures must be taken to ensure that the rewards of change reach all segments of society. The National Education Policy of 1986 centred on a standardised curriculum structure comprising shared core and adaptable elements. The child-centric approach is emphasised in elementary education, followed by secondary education, which emphasises girl-child education as well as the education of minorities. The National Education Policy-2023, which was modified after 34 years, emphasises a more holistic approach with multidisciplinary courses, and students are aided with a bucket system to choose subjects that align with their interests. This research focuses on a comparison of the main characteristics of the NEPs of 1986 and 2023. A Comparative Study of India's Education Policy 1986 and the New Education Policy 2023 will be discussed in this paper.

The Reduction of Household Waste using Black Soldier Fly using Stack Bucket system

ousehold waste poses economic, social, and environmental challenges, with a significant portion in the form of organic waste. Improper disposal of organic waste can lead to soil and water contamination, ecosystem degradation, and health risks. Black Soldier Fly (BSF) bioconversion is a promising method to address this issue, converting organic waste into valuable resources. This study focuses on using BSF at a community scale to reduce household waste. The research methodology involves waste sorting, organic waste treatment using BSF larvae, and harvesting the larvae for various purposes. The results show that 76% of households successfully sorted their waste, highlighting the role of housewives in waste reduction. Challenges in waste management and public perception of BSF usage are discussed. This research aims to promote BSF use in communities, enhancing the economic value of household waste while minimizing environmental pollution. Collaboration among government bodies, universities, waste management agencies, and the public is crucial to address the challenges and conduct successful pilot projects.

Evaluation of freshwater fish farming to support food security

Food security is defined as a condition of fulfilling the nutritional needs of the community through the availability of sufficient food, both in quantity and quality, evenly distributed and affordable by everyone. The research was conducted in Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province using survey method and literature study. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed qualitatively, descriptively, and quantitatively. The results showed that the main production of freshwater aquaculture in Banten Province in 2019 was catfish (17.8 million tons), followed by tilapia (5.44 million tons), carp (5.40 million tons), tilapia (3.2 million tons), and tawes (540 thousand tons). Meanwhile, fish farming production in Pandeglang reached 5.176 million tons in 2019, dominated by catfish, carp, and tilapia. Catfish farming that has the prospect to be developed, as one of the elements of household food security in Pandeglang Regency is fish farming with a bucket system or known as “budikdamber”. Based on a brief study in the field, both technically and economically feasible, catfish cultivation in buckets is more potential. If used for household protein supply needs that contribute to food security, and as a support/additional source of family economy.

Optimum design of the chute-flip bucket system using evolutionary algorithms considering conflicts between decision-makers

Various stakeholders with conflicting preferences are involved in the design of the chute-flip bucket system. In this research, a feasible methodology is proposed for optimizing the design of the chute-flip bucket system that considers the conflicting preferences of various stakeholders. Accordingly, the FLOW-3D® model was developed and calibrated and was used to simulate the hydraulic behavior of the chute-flip bucket system. This model was then run for different geometric scenarios, and the resulting database was used to train an MLP-ANN meta-model. Given the utility functions of different stakeholders, the meta-model was coupled with the NSGA-II and NSGA-III optimization models. Results show that the latter performed better. Lastly, to obtain the best design alternative and a compromise among the stakeholders, Pareto optimal solutions were examined using Social Choice Rules and the Unanimity Fallback Bargaining method. The application of the proposed method in Jareh Dam, Iran, showed that the optimum scenario (selected by the Unanimity Fallback Bargaining method) enhance the energy dissipation and cavitation index by about 12.5 and 9.5%, respectively, while compared to the current chute-flip bucket system the cost remained almost constant. The results provide useful knowledge regarding the robust design of hydraulic structures, taking into account the conflicting objectives of different stakeholders.

Evaluation of substrates for cucumber production in the Dutch bucket hydroponic system

The Dutch bucket system is commonly used for production of high-wire crops such as tomatoes, peppers, and cucumbers in controlled environment agriculture. It is a hydroponic system that utilizes containers typically filled with perlite as the substrate. Perlite provides good aeration however has higher leachate in the systems. Furthermore, demand for regional and sustainable substrates is increasing. Our preliminary study showed growth parameters in vegetative and early fruiting stages of cucumber grown with five regionally accessible substrates are comparable to perlite. Thus, the current study evaluated the performance of five organic substrates in comparison to perlite in the Dutch bucket system for the full production cycle of cucumber (Cucumis sativus ‘Picolino F1’). The substrates evaluated were sphagnum peat, medium grade pine bark (Bark-M), coarse grade pine bark (Bark-C), coir, and wood fiber. Leachate rates in Bark-M, coir, and peat were lower than perlite by 18.0%, 24.0%, and 38.1%, respectively. Plant leaf area indicated better vegetative growth of cucumber with wood fiber, but pine bark had higher yield and fruit quality than perlite. Bark-M resulted in greater yield and fruit vitamin C content, which were 23.9% and 48.3% higher than perlite, respectively. On the other hand, although Bark-C had a similar yield to perlite, its fruit mineral nutrient content including nitrogen (except wood fiber), phosphorus, potassium, calcium (except Bark-M and wood fiber), sulfur (except Bark-M and wood fiber), iron (except Bark-M), zinc, boron, copper (except wood fiber), and manganese (except Bark-M), as well as total anthocyanin and total phenols were highest among all substrates. In summary, organic substrates investigated could provide equal or higher cucumber yields and quality than perlite in the Dutch bucket hydroponic system.

The effect of different stocking densities on specific growth rate and survival rate of striped snakehead (Channa striata) culture in bucket system

Striped snakehead culture in bucket system with high stock rate at a good living environment, and also adequate feeding can lead to the maximization of production. However, if the stocking density is too high, it can inhibit the survival and growth of fish caused by competition for space, feed and oxygen as well as increased metabolic waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different stocking densities on the specific growth and survival rate of snakehead fish (Channa striata) in buckets. This study used is Completely Randomized Design consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications, namely P0 (1 fish/L), P1 (2 fish/L), P2 (3 fish/L), P3 (4 fish/L) and P4 (5 fish/L). The ANOVA results showed that the difference in stocking density had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the growth rate of specific weight and length as well as the survival rate of fish. DMRT showed that P1 was the highest result for specific weight and length growth rates (0.90%/day and 0.80%/day) and the lowest at P4 (0.62%/day and 0.40 %/day). In addition, the highest of survival rate are also shown at P1 (95.42%) and the lowest at P4 (32.75 %).

The Pemanfaatan Akuaponik Dutch Bucket System Kangkung Darat dan Ikan Lele pada Masyarakat Pesisir Desa Bongo, Kecamatan Batudaa Pantai, Provinsi Gorontalo

Coastal communities in general depend on the sea so that the fulfillment of food in the form of side dishes generally does not vary. Coastal communities have large enough yards for agricultural cultivation and freshwater fisheries, they are constrained by environmental factors (threats of drought and salinity). For this reason, problem solving efforts were carried out by designing and making an aquaponic system with the Dutch Bucket System (DBS) as well as training and education on horticultural cultivation techniques land kale (Ipomea reptana) and catfish (Clarias gariepinus) which were combined in the DBS model. The purpose of this service activity is to provide knowledge and understanding to partners about how to cultivate Aquaponics on horticultural plants (land spinach) and freshwater fish (catfish) through DBS technology. Partners are housewives who live in Bongo Village, Batudaa Pantai District, Gorontalo Province. The result of this service activity is additional knowledge and understanding of coastal communities regarding aquaponic cultivation techniques using the DBS. This activity is beneficial for the PKK group of women in fulfilling daily food diversity, reducing the monthly expenditure of vegetables and side dishes by 66.7% and providing education related to the use of yards on coastal land.

Numerical study of flow characteristics and energy dissipation over the slotted roller bucket system

Numerical study of flow characteristics and energy dissipation over the slotted roller bucket system

Physical comparison of parijoto fruit from hydroponic farming with parijoto fruit from natural plantations

One of the advantages of hydroponic systems is that plants can be cultivated under controlled environmental conditions. The parijoto fruit plant has also been successfully cultivated with a bucket hydroponic system. This fruit has been shown to have a high antioxidant capacity. In this study wanted to compare the physical characteristics of parijoto fruit grown with hydroponic farming, with parijoto fruit obtained from the garden naturally. The method used in this study is to buy the seeds of the parijoto plant. It later developed it in the hydroponic farming, Dutch Bucket System, DFT (Deep Flow Technique). After the plant is fruited and ripe, parijoto fruit is picked and subjected to physical testing. Similar tests were imposed on samples of parijoto fruit obtained from natural plantations. The results of the test are further compared. Based on physical testing data obtained the conclusion that the diameter of parijoto fruit produced by hydroponic agriculture has a smaller diameter than the diameter of parijoto fruit produced by natural plantations. Lighter fruit weight, almost the same purple color, have the same moisture content, the same sugar content, higher pH value, as well as lower mineral levels.

Tipping bucket device for measuring runoff in small catchments

ABSTRACT A tipping bucket is an accurate and reliable device that is used to measure runoff water flows, especially in small-scale catchments. However, the performance of the tipping bucket device depends on the magnitude of the runoff water flow, the dimensions of the tipping bucket and the accuracy of the calibration. This paper discusses technical guidelines that govern the design, construction, field installation, calibration and error minimisation of tipping bucket gauges used for runoff estimation in small-scale catchments under agricultural land-use systems. The proposed tipping bucket system is a cost-effective and simple device that can be fabricated in a basic mechanical workshop. The device proved to be a sensitive and reliable instrument on which accurate measurements can be read out easily with minimal maintenance.

Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge Data Processing System: A Review

Abstract: The tipping bucket system consists of funnel which collects the water of the rain in a container which is like a seesaw type module which tips side by side and collects the water. When the level of the water decreases below a preset level, the lever changes its side, causing the collected water to dump in a vessel and electrical signal is sent. By this system the high, medium or heavy rainfall character can be obtained. The rainfall character is calculated by the rainfall in 1 hour and corresponding number of pulses clicking in a period of 10 minutes. Various types of tipping bucket systems are reviewed by using rainfall and snow precipitation, using internet enabling, using rain drop imaging and artificial intelligence and also using wireless sensor network and GSM data transmission. Tipping Bucket is the most useful parameter for measuring the rainfall. In this way the rainfall is measured using the Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge System.

Maximal stiffness of elastically damping device in traction of draglines

One of the critical objectives set by the long-term program of the coal industry development up to 2030, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation is coal extraction by the most effective open pit mining method using draglines. Traction of draglines is composed of a drive winch and rope transmissions. Digging (excavation) duration makes up to 30% of the total operating cycle of a dragline. During digging, the traction, drive, gears and rope transmissions of a dragline are exposed to considerable dynamic loads. Deloading of the dragline traction is achievable through the use of an elastically damping device inserted in the rope transmission. With longer duration of the bucket performance, the force in the drag cables grows consequent on the increase in the digging resistance, tangential weight of the filled bucket and in the bucket–rock friction force as a result of the growing mass connected to the drag cables. At the same time, stiffness of the drag cables increases as their length gets shorter. Put it otherwise, the natural frequency in the drag cables–bucket system is a variable value and varies from the moment of the bucket breakaway up to the moment of digging termination. It is shown analytically that the efficient reduction in dynamic loading requires that the natural frequency of the elastic damper mounted in the rope transmission of a dragline is lower than the natural frequency in the rope cables–bucket system at the end of digging.

National Education Policy 1986 Vs National Education Policy 2020 – A Comparative Study

Education is continuing its journey since man is on earth. It may be the nature taught man in the yester years, gurukulas in the golden period of many kings, Government Schools and colleges’ post-independence era and convents, international schools, deemed universities in the 21st century, its common objective of all these institutions is to educate the human race. Education is not just reading the books and getting a degree from a University, it is the holistic development of an individual physically, mentally, financially and economically. The aim of education is to bring overall development of an individual and make him today a productive citizen, for tomorrow’s nation. Every country develops its education system to express and promote its unique socio-cultural identity and to meet the growing demand of job and career opportunities. The country has reached a stage in economic and technological progress and efforts must be made to ensure that the fruits of change reach all the sections of the society. The National Education Policy- 1986 focused on common curriculum framework that contains a common core along with other components that are flexible. Child-centric approach is given prominence in elementary education, followed by secondary education giving prominence to girl child education and SC, ST and BC categories of education. The National Education Policy-2020, which is reformed after 34 years, emphasized more on holistic approach with multi-disciplinary courses and students are facilitated with bucket system of choosing subjects of their interest. This paper focuses on the comparative study on the highlighted aspects of NEP of both 1986 and 2020.

Groundwater contribution to transpiration of trees under wet and dry soil conditions*

AbstractThe objective of this study was to partition tree T under shallow groundwater table conditions into groundwater (Tgw) and soil water (Tsw). Three indigenous trees growing in lysimeters were installed with the compensation heat pulse velocity method to measure stem sap flow half‐hourly. Soil water content was monitored using HydraSCOUT probes. A groundwater table of 20 cm depth was maintained, and daily water replenishment to maintain a constant groundwater table was monitored using a graduated automatic supply bucket system. The contribution of Tgw towards total T for the investigated trees ranged from 31% when the topsoil was wet to 97% when it was dry. The contribution of Tsw ranged from 3% when the topsoil was dry to 69% after an irrigation event. It was concluded that trees switch to source water from superficial soil layers when the topsoil is wet and from groundwater during dry conditions.

Sources of psychrotrophic contamination and proteolysis indices in raw milk

Storage of raw milk under refrigeration makes it possible to reduce operating costs for production and prevents losses of this raw material by the acidifying activity of mesophilic bacteria. Meantime, storage for prolonged periods may result in decreased quality of dairy products, due to the growth and enzymatic activity of psychrotrophic bacteria. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the presence of psychrotrophic microorganisms, Pseudomonas spp. and Pseudomonasaeruginosa tracing sources of microbiological contamination in the milking process as well as the level of proteolysis of the milk in the expansion tank. The highest contamination (P &lt;0.05) occurred with the psychrotrophic count, with maximum values of 5.11 log CFU•mL-1a value that has hydrolytic potential for K-casein. Some dairy farms were found to have a maximum caseinomacropeptide value of 142.93 mg•L-1, representing loss of quality for the industry and a raw material that is not suitable for human consumption. The points of greatest contamination were udder surface, insufflator, milking bucket and colling system. According to principal component analysis, the values obtained for the microbiological counts were not determinants of the release of caseinomacropeptide.

Fuzzy Leaky Bucket System for Intelligent Management of Consumer Electricity Elastic Load in Smart Grids.

This paper frames itself in an informational rich smart electricity grid where consumers have access to various streams of information and make decisions over their daily consumption pattern. In particular, a new intelligent management system to accommodate possible optimal decisions for elastic load consumption is discussed. The energy management system implements a fuzzy driven leaky bucket that manages the elastic load of a consumer by controlling the token rate buffer via a set of four fuzzy variables (among them the electricity price). The goal of this innovative system is to allow loads that are identified as elastic to be scheduled only when it is potentially beneficial to the consumer. To that end, a fuzzy algorithm comprised of a set of rules is developed to manage the token rate of the leaky bucket and through that the decisions over the fate of elastic loads. The developed system is applied on a set of real-world electricity consumption data taken from a residential consumer, and benchmarked against a full scheduling method, where the elastic load is fully scheduled offline. Results exhibit that the proposed fuzzy logic method outperforms the full scheduling method in the vast majority of the cases, i.e., over 79% of the cases with respect to consumption cost. Furthermore, they validate its ability to conduct real time decision making with no human in the loop.