Bubble Deck Slab Research Articles

Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Double Layer Bamboo Bubble Slab Under Uniformly Distributed Load

The architectural use areas in the structure are formed by reinforced concrete (RC) slabs, which transport vertical loads to the beams, columns, load-bearing walls, and shear walls. The slab is an important structural member of reinforced concrete building structures and concrete-intensive parts of structural members. . The slab deflects significantly when the load acting on the slab or the clear span between columns is large. As a result, the slab's thickness increases to accommodate the load received. Since this slab's self-weight increases as the thickness increases, the slabs get heavier and causes the slab unable to withstand the load and to produce cracks on the surface. At the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the creation of the bubble deck slab became an innovation to replace conventional slab. This study used bamboo as the bubble material in reinforced concrete bubble slab. This study examined and assessed the mechanical properties and structural behaviour of bamboo as a bubble in supported reinforced concrete double-layer bamboo bubble slab under a uniformly distributed load. In this research, 500 mm x 1250 mm x 175 mm supported reinforced concrete slabs C25 (1 sample) and C30 (1 sample) with double layer (DL) bamboo bubble slabs were constructed. Both samples were compared with the control sample (CS) for each slab type. It was found that the maximum displacement occurred at the centre of the slab, with 6.45 mm for DL25 and 6.89 mm for DL30. According to stress-strain analysis, the double layer bamboo slab produced a lower stress value than the control sample. Since the values were smaller than 2, DL25 and DL30 slab performed better for the ductility factor than CS25 and CS30. As a result, the displacement, ductility and section capacity were improved by employing bamboo as a bubble material in a reinforced concrete slab.

Optimal Design of Bubble Deck Concrete Slabs: Serviceability Limit State.

In engineering practice, one can often encounter issues related to optimization, where the goal is to minimize material consumption and minimize stresses or deflections of the structure. In most cases, these issues are addressed with finite element analysis software and simple optimization algorithms. However, in the case of optimization of certain structures, it is not so straightforward. An example of such constructions are bubble deck ceilings, where, in order to reduce the dead weight, air cavities are used, which are regularly arranged over the entire surface of the ceiling. In the case of these slabs, the flexural stiffness is not constant in all its cross-sections, which means that the use of structural finite elements (plate or shell) for static calculations is not possible, and therefore, the optimization process becomes more difficult. This paper presents a minimization procedure of the weight of bubble deck slabs using numerical homogenization and sequential quadratic programming with constraints. Homogenization allows for determining the effective stiffnesses of the floor, which in the next step are sequentially corrected by changing the geometrical parameters of the floor and voids in order to achieve the assumed deflection. The presented procedure allows for minimizing the use of material in a quick and effective way by automatically determining the optimal parameters describing the geometry of the bubble deck floor cross-section. For the optimal solution, the concrete weight of the bubble deck slab was reduced by about 23% in reference to the initial design, and the serviceability limit state was met.

Implications of Palm Kernel Shell-Filled Plastic Bottles on the Structural Behavior of Concrete Slab

The implications of palm kernel shell (PKS)-filled plastic bottles on the structural behaviour of concrete slabs were carried out by comparing the flexural performance of conventional solid concrete slabs to concrete slabs incorporated with plastic bottles filled with palm kernel shells and placed vertically, horizontally, and diagonally at the neutral axis of the slab as per Bubble Deck Slab technology. One-way slab specimens of size 700 × 300 × 150 mm thick were produced and subjected to a four-point flexural load test. Findings from the study indicated that: (1) The PKS-filled bottle slabs deflected more than the conventional solid slab, hence making them more flexible than the conventional slabs and, as such, giving the occupants enough time to evacuate. (2) The flexural strengths of the PKS-filled bottle slabs exceeded those of conventional slabs by 18.3% and 10.9%, respectively, for five and ten percentages of the volume of slab concrete occupied. (3) The condition of the PKS, either dry or saturated, coupled with the bottle arrangement (either vertical, horizontal, or diagonal), does not, however, cause any significant change to the performance of the PKS filled bottle slabs in terms of load carrying capacity, deflection, and strength. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-03-016 Full Text: PDF

Flexural Behaviour of the Two-Way Spanning Reinforced Concrete Slab Using Spherical Plastic Bubble Balls

The use of conventional reinforced concrete in the construction industry increases each year, especially in developing countries. However, the concrete content, particularly cement production contributed to the greenhouse gas emission subsequently increase to climate change. Thus, the reinforced concrete slab containing high-density polyethene (HDPE) hollow spherical plastic bubble balls also known as bubble deck slabs were introduced for sustainable construction. This type of slab forms a slab that has less concrete volume compared to the normal solid reinforced concrete slab. Although this unique system can facilitate up to a 50% longer span compared to the conventional reinforced concrete solid slab, yet, it can cause the performance of the slab structure such as flexural and shear capacity may be affected due to the thirty to forty per cent of fewer concrete volumes. Hence, this paper studies the comparison of the performance of the two-way supported slabs; reinforced bubble deck slab and normal solid reinforced concrete slab after being subjected to the area loading. The square slabs are 1200mm by 1200mm in width and length with a thickness of 235mm. The investigations of the experiments included flexural strength, bending stiffness and load-deflection behaviour due to the impact of the area loading. Also, the crack propagation and crack pattern which differs also was shown for each type of slab system, especially in shear strength.

COMPARISON OF COST AND TIME OF FLOOR SLAB WORKS ON CONVENTIONAL AND BUBBLE DECK SLAB METHODS

Floor slab is one of the most important structure members in a building and one of the largest members consuming concrete. Conventional floor slab has been used for years and has disadvantages that can be improved with alternate methods. There is lot of alternative methods that have been used in the construction world such as precast slab, half precast, hollow core slab, and many more. One of the alternative methods is bubble deck slab. The spherical hollow reinforced concrete slab has been patented named Bubble Deck Slab is a method that removes concrete from the center part of a slab which doesn't do any structure functional, so it can reduce the dead load significantly. High-density polyethylene hollow sphere is used to replace the ineffective part of the slab, so it reduces the dead load and increases efficiency. With the HDPE ball substitution, there will be differences in cost and time compared to the conventional method. This research is taking the case research in Central Control Building of Power Plant Muara Tawar Project with quantitative method approach. The analysis is calculating the budget plan and scheduling with Microsoft Project. After the analysis, there is differences in cost and time between the methods. The bubble deck slab method has the advantages which have the cheaper cost of IDR. 142,128,506.44 or 14,442% and 1 day or 3,846% faster compared to the conventional. Even so, the conventional method is still the first choice because the very common methods in Indonesia and the ease of execution.

Analysis and Comparative Study of Conventional Slab With Voided Slab

Abstract— As the infrastructure is developing there is need for some changes in the construction field, as one cannot rely on the same method for a long time as it can have different consequences. The main consequence is the shortage of material and manpower. Also, money matters a lot in construction department along with it the machines, equipment and technology in some region is not at a level, which we want. Hence in order to satisfy these results Bubble deck slab is one of the most effective slab techniques to replace conventional slab in terms of money and materials. In this study a hollow shell is made by recycled plastic and is kept in the slab and comparison is to be done between voided slab and conventional slab regarding further points such as stresses at the centre and end of the slab, steel and concrete quantity is to be calculated and cost analysis is also done of both slabs by software such as Ansys or ETABS and cost analysis is done is done by hand. After that comparison of both void slab and conventional slab is shown. Keywords— Reuse of plastic, Use of plastic in construction sector, Environmental friendly, Void slab

Comparative Study of Bubble Deck Slab with Conventional R.C.C Slab

Abstract: When designing a reinforced concrete structure a primary design limitation is the span of the slabbetween the columns. Designing large spans between columns often requires very thick slabs thereby increasing the weight of the structure by requiring use of larger amounts of concrete. Heavier structures are less desirable than light weight structures in seismically active regions because a larger dead load for a building increases the magnitude of inertia forces which the structure must resist as larger dead load contributes to higher seismic weight. A new solution to reduce the weight of concrete structures and increase the span of reinforced concrete is “Bubble Deck Technology''. Bubble Deck Slab is a futuristic method which can effectively eliminate all the concrete from the middle of slab by replacing it with high density polyethylene balls. In this technique reinforcement mesh acquires, allocates and attaches the balls at exact position and also stabilizes the lattice. By these techniques the structural weight can be reduced from 25% to 50%. The main aim of our study is to compare bubble slab and conventional slab under cost analysis, stress and deflection. In our project, we designed both the slabs using AutoCAD and tested our design using Ansys software. The advantages are less energy consumption - both in production, transport and carrying out, less emission - exhaust gases from production and transport, especiallyCO2. Keywords: Bubble Deck Technology, HDPE Balls, AutoCad, Ansys, Conventional RCC Slab,Stress and Deflection.

DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BUBBLEDECK SLAB

Bubble deck, which is another name for voided slabs whose core is placed with HDPE balls that may be of different shapes and sizes is a technology that is presently procuring awareness around the world as a result of its enormous positive effects on the whole structure; this include its reduced weight, economical and mutability in terms of slab span. This research work has focused on the use of bubble deck in construction industry. Concrete grade of M35 was used. Two slabs were casted, one with HDPE Balls and the other without balls. The slab without HDPE balls (conventional slab) was casted with (78.13 kg) of concrete. On the other side the slabs with bubbles, which has spherical balls of size 60mm in which (63 kg) of concrete was used with B/H ratios of 0.48 and 49 spherical balls respectively. A total 24% of concrete was saved in the Bubble Deck slab. Considering the percentage of concrete saved, one slab was designed usually and in another a 24% reduction in dead loads was assumed and further designed was carried out. Costing of both the slab was carried out and comparison was done. In experimental analysis, destructive and non- destructive test was carried out on both the slabs and result has been compared . Key Words: RCC Slab, HDPE Balls, Reinforcement mesh.

Effect of Area Loading on Flexural Performance of Bubble Deck Slab

Reinforced bubble deck slab is a structural slab that contains high-density polyethene (HDPE) hollow spherical plastic bubble balls forming a slab with less concrete volume compared to the normal reinforced concrete slab. Reducing certain volumes of concrete from 30 to 50% will affect the performance of the slab structure in particular the flexural and shear capacity. Thus, in this research the effect of area loading on the flexural performance of bubble deck slabs is investigated by considering the slabs to be one-way supported slabs. The square deck slabs used were 1200mm by 1200mm for the width and length with a thickness of 230mm. A total of 36 HDPE hollow spherical plastic bubble balls with a 180mm diameter were placed in the bubble deck slab specimens which reduce significantly the structural self-weight. In this paper, the experimental results of the flexural performance of the reinforced bubble deck slab, (BD slab) compared with a conventional reinforced concrete slab, simply supported, subjected to static area loadings, are presented. The effect of the load applied in the experiments on the flexural strength, bending stiffness and load-deflection behaviour of both types of slabs have been discussed including the crack propagation and crack pattern. In general, the conventionally reinforced solid slab, simply supported (SS) has a 60.6% higher resistance against bending deformation than the reinforced bubble deck slab.

The Effect of Area Loading and Punching Shear on the Reinforced Concrete Slab Containing Spherical Plastic Bubble Balls

The reinforced bubble deck slab or BubbleDeck is a unique system that improves the building design and performance of structures. This slab structure is a reinforced concrete structure that contains high-density polyethene (HDPE) hollow spherical plastic bubble balls with less concrete volume compared to a normal reinforced concrete slab. The system can facilitate up to a 50% longer span compared to a conventional reinforced concrete solid slab. But, eliminating the deadweight concrete may affect the actual performance of the slab structure such as its flexural and shear capacity. Thus, this paper investigates the effect of area loading and punching shear loading on the reinforced bubble deck slab in terms of flexural performance. The square slabs with 1200mm by 1200mm for width and length with a thickness of 230mm were designed as a one-way supported slab. A total of 36 HDPE hollow spherical plastic bubble balls with a 180mm diameter were placed in each bubble deck slab specimen. The high yield steel DA6 BRC reinforcement steel bar meshes and Grade-30 concrete were used for the slabs. The experimental results of the flexural performance of the reinforced bubble deck slab that were subjected to the static area and punching shear loadings are presented. The effect of the load applied in the experiments on the slabs such as flexural strength, bending stiffness and load-deflection behaviour were discussed including the crack propagation and crack pattern.

PUNCHING SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF A SELF-COMPACTED BUBBLE DECK SLAB SUBJECTED TO FIRE AND WATER COOLED

In this research the punching shear behavior of Self-Compacted bubble RC slab was investigated after burning it in real fire test until reach 300 C° and cooling it by air and water Experiment results show that using self-compacted concrete improves the cracking pattern and punching failure zone due to improvements in the microstructure of the concrete and how it fills voids and makes contact with the plastic ball. The ultimate load increased by (13) % when using SCC with the same fć, and the effect of water cooling was reduced compared to its effect on normal concrete due to SCC's lower permeability, but the effect of spalling made self-compacted concrete more sensitive to high temperatures.

Modelling using finite element analysis in the structural behavior of bubble deck slab

Bubble deck slab is the one which is set up by placing voids in the form of bubble which decreases dead weight and is an ecologically friendly practice. In this technique any part of concrete which is not performing any building function will be eliminated. Therefore, helps to reduce the dead weight in the structure. In this insufficient concrete is replaced by the bulk polyethylene round sphere. The benefits are material savage, quick construction time, decrease weight, less liberation of waste gases also a green technology too. In this, it has designed a voided bubble deck slab. The procedure for eliminating concrete in a conventional slab is by incorporating the bubbles in the slab by reducing dead weight of the slab in which there is no structural performance and by increasing proficiency of the slab. This technology is mainly to minimize the volume of concrete by replacement of concrete by the plastic sphere, that is available locally. This technology does not require column and beam heads and that can be used in ground floor slabs and roofs. This technology is more economical and reduces the cost in construction. Here, Comparative analysis between traditional slab and bubble deck slab using Abaqus software.

Finite element analysis of bubble deck slab with various thickness of HDPE bubble

Deflection of the slab is the most important parameter by which we can calculate the depth of the slab which depends on the total loads applied on the slab the and span of the slab between two columns. The concept of a bubble slab in which middle layer concrete is replaced by HDPE bubble will help to reduce its self-weight, deflection, moments & force reactions. The criteria of choosing a suitable thickness of HDPE bubble are well mentioned in this paper with suitable examples so we can easily use that thickness value in practical on-site. Static analysis of several models is done by finite element analysis method with tetra meshing by using Ansys ver. 15.0 as an analyzing tool. In this paper, results clearly specify the structural behavior change of bubble slab by changing its HDPE bubble thickness as well as it also specifies the best thickness value of HDPE bubble. A bubble slab will be more useful on those structures in which intermediates columns is not required when the span of a conventional slab is large, then its deflection, moments & force reaction values is greater, by which its depth is increased which makes the conventional slab heavy so its total self-weight loads are transferred to column to footing which makes both increases in size & uneconomical. It is evident from the analysis that a typical 150 mm thick slab consumes more than 149.8 kg of concrete than a bubble slab and produces a large deflection, on the other side a bubble slab with a 2 mm HDPE bubble can save 63.04% more deflection. As per analysis, it can be concluded that 2 mm thickness of HDPE bubble is the optimum thickness of HDPE bubble used for bubble slab. If we used the concept of bubble slab our nearly 35% self-weight of the slab is reduced which positively affects on load transfer to other structural members and by this procedure whole structure will be more stable, durable & economical.

Study on Flexural Behavior of Bubble Deck Slab Strengthened with FRP

Bubble deck sheets are a technique to remove all the concrete from the center of the floor sheet, thus reducing structural dead weight. Inefficient concrete in the center of the slab replaces the high-density hollow spheres (HDPE). The weight decreases and increases efficiency in the plane. Because the bubble deck slab consumes less material, it reduces greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, enabling us to achieve green construction. The benefits include reduced energy consumption - both in production and transportation - and emissions - from production and transportation, mainly CO2 - as well as material, load, and value reduction. It is also a green technology. Reduce the volume of concrete in the bubble deck technology by substituting locally available spherical bubbles. This implies that the monolithic slab element is used to determine load carrying, deformation (deformation), crack, and failure properties in the plant and is subjected to static gravity loads. The resulting conclusions will be used to define the failure mechanisms, and the benefits of the bubble deck slab will be highlighted.

Bubble Deck Slab System: A Review on the Design and Performance

The conventional floor slab has few drawbacks of giving little structural support and posing a large amount of self-weight to a building. Therefore, bubble deck slab system is introduced to tackle these limitations. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the bubble deck slab system on its design and performance. A systematic literature review was conducted in this paper based on the selected journal and articles through the database search engine. The findings will better understand the feasibility of the bubble deck slab system and its potential as a viable replacement for the conventional floor slabs.

Bubble Deck Slab as an Innovative Biaxial Hollow Slab – A Review

Slab is the most important member in any building structure which consume large amount of concrete. The slab self-weight is large due to large consumption of concrete in producing slab. Therefore, bubble deck slab is an innovative and newly designed biaxial hollow slab system that had been introduced in order to overcome this problem. Bubble deck slab is a revolutionary method which was developed by Jorgen Bruenig from Denmark in the 1990s. The bubble deck slab had been designed and constructed with plastic hollow bubbles in the middle part of slab to eliminate the concrete which does not perform any structural function and at the same time reducing the slab self-weight. Thus, the self-weight of bubble deck slab can be reduced about 30-50% than conventional concrete slab; that can reduce the loads acting on columns, walls and foundations. Finally, the use of bubble deck slab can give many benefits as compared to conventional concrete slab such as improve the structural performance of slab, reduce the materials and cost, efficiency and faster construction time, and it is also a green product. The aim of this paper is to give some of the reviews from previous studies related to bubble deck slab.

Comparative Study on Bubble Deck Slab and Conventional Reinforced Concrete Slab – A Review

Slab is the most important structural member of any building structure and also one of the largest member consuming concrete.Thus, the alternative biaxial hollow slab system known as bubble deck slab had been introduced as one of the effective slab systemsthat improves building design and performance while reduce the self-weight by eliminating concrete part in the middle ofconventional slab which does not contribute to the structural performance. The effective hollow slab systems that dramaticallyreduce the slab weight by 30-50%. Moreover, concrete usage is reduced as 1 kg of recycled plastic replaces 100 kg of concrete. Thenew prefabricated construction technology using bubble deck slab is recently applied in many industrial projects in the world. Ithas many advantages as compared to conventional reinforced concrete slab such as lower total cost, reduced material use,enhanced structural efficiency, decreased construction time, and is a green. The aim of this paper is to discuss the significance andvarious properties of bubble deck slab against conventional reinforced concrete slab based on various studies and researches thathad been done.

Finite element analysis on effect of different ball spacing in bubble deck lightweight concrete slab

Reinforcement Concrete (RC) is considered one of the heaviest construction materials hence many attempts have been done to reduce the self-weight of concrete and since the most mass focused in the slab element of structure, a new type of slab has been developed in 1990 called bubble deck slab and started recently used around the world, on the other hand using of Lightweight Concrete (LWC) will decreased the self-weight of concrete which has density less than (1850 kg/m3) compare with conventional concrete (2400-2500 kg/m3), this research conduct an analytical study of the bubble deck slab using lightweight concrete. Four types of bubble deck slabs are modelled in the Finite Element (FE) Software ABAQUS of uniform size 1400 mm ×1400 mm × 150mm. Analytical investigation is conducted to find the performance of four different types of bubble deck slabs which is varied based on arrangement of location of spherical balls and reinforcement. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results show that all the slab models has less than 2.5% difference in load carrying capacity. Introduction of bubble deck concrete slab system in construction will reduces the consumption of concrete in construction which results in economy of the project.

Behavior of Self Compacting Reinforced Concrete One Way Bubble Deck Slab

Reinforced concrete slab with plastic voids (Bubbled Deck system) is a new type of slabs which has two-dimensional arrangement of voids within the slab that is developed to decrease the slab self-weight while maintaining approximately the same load carrying capacity as compared with the solid slabs. Plastic voided slabs have the ability to reduce concrete amount by about 30 percent and this reduction is so important in terms of cost saving and enhancement the structural performance. In this research paper investigation is carried out to study the shear strength behavior of one-way bubble deck slab using self-compacting reinforced concrete. The experimental program consists of testing thirteen one-way slabs with dimensions of (1700 length, 700 width and 150 thick) mm. One of the tested slabs is a solid slab (without balls) is used as a reference, the remaining twelve bubbled slabs with ball diameter (73, 60) mm are divided into five groups according to the parameters of the experimental work, the parameters of the experimental work include: type of slab (bubble and solid slabs), ball diameter (73, 60) mm, shear reinforcement and spacing between balls. The experimental results showed that the bubbled slabs without shear reinforcement have a decrease in the ultimate load as compared to solid slab by about 3.7% to 14.3% and an increase in the deflection at ultimate load by about 10% to 22%, at the same time the first crack load decreases by about 15.3% to 42.4% as compared to solid slab due to decreases of moment of inertia of bubble slab compared to solid slab. Also, the results showed that the bubbled slabs withe shear reinforcement (multi-leg) have an increase in the ultimate load as compared to solid slab by about 35.4% to 57.3% and an increase in the deflection at ultimate load by about 1% to 15%, at the same time the first crack load decreases by about 2.8% to 27.4% as compared to solid slab.

Punching shear behavior of LWA bubble deck slab with different types of shear reinforcement

Punching shear is the most important problem in flat slabs, which usually requires strengthening for safety reasons. One of the most popular strengthening methods is the employment of shear reinforcement. Also, in order to reduce the self-weight of slabs, lightweight aggregate concrete as well as the bubble deck technology were used in this research. To study the influence of shear reinforcement type on lightweight aggregate voided slab behavior under punching shear, three slabs having the same geometrical and mechanical properties, with different shear reinforcement type (hook, inclined bar and stud) were cast and prepared for testing. As well as a control specimen with no shear reinforcement was used for comparison reason. The results showed that the inclined shear reinforcement has the most positive influence on slab behavior, between the three types of reinforcement that were adopted in the experimental work.