Number Of Brushes Research Articles

Removal of Particulate Matter by a Non-Powered Brush Filter Using Electrostatic Forces.

In urban areas, a major source of harmful particulate matter is generated by vehicles. In particular, bus stops, where people often stay for public transportation, generate high concentrations of particulate matter compared to the general atmosphere. In this study, a non-powered type brush filter that generates electrostatic force without using a separate power source was developed to manage the concentration of particulate matter exposed at bus stops, and the removal performance of particulate matter was evaluated. The dust collection performance of the non-motorized brush filter varied by material, with particle removal efficiencies of 82.1 ± 3.4, 76.1 ± 4.7, and 73.7 ± 4.5% for horse hair, nylon, and stainless steel, respectively. In conditions without the fan running to see the effect of airflow, the particle removal efficiency was relatively low at 58.2 ± 8.4, 53.6 ± 9.2, and 58.0 ± 7.3%. Then, to check the dust collection performance according to the density, the number of brushes was increased to densify the density, and the horse hair, nylon, and stainless steel brush filters showed a maximum dust collection performance of 89.6 ± 2.2, 88.3 ± 3.2, and 82.1 ± 3.8%, respectively. To determine the replacement cycle of the non-powered brush filter, the particulate removal performance was initially 88.0 ± 3.2% when five horse hair brushes were used. Over time, particulate matter tended to gradually decrease, but after a period of time, particulate matter tended to increase again. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the particulate matter removal performance using a brush filter that generates electrostatic force without a separate power source. This study's brush filter is expected to solve the maintenance problems caused by the purchase and frequent replacement of expensive HEPA filters that occur with existing abatement devices, and the ozone problems caused by abatement devices that use high voltages.

Analysis of Plasma Ion Distribution and Dust Collection Efficiency of Carbon-Brush Air Purifiers

In recent years, many studies on air purifiers have been conducted, as particulate matter and virus issues have emerged. In this study, the ion concentration distribution in an air purifier that applies a high voltage was investigated through simulation. For a single carbon brush that applied a high voltage of –8.5 kV, the simulation results of the ion concentration distribution in the ground direction were compared with the result of the experiment and an error of 4.3% was observed, thereby confirming the reliability of the simulation. On this basis, the ion concentration distribution was calculated according to the number and location of the brushes. In addition, the charging number was calculated by applying the charging mechanism to the distributed dust particles, and the dust collection efficiency was calculated by conducting particle multiphysics analysis. The dust collection efficiency increased from 0.5% to 1% as the number of brushes increased, and the dust collection efficiency was 82% when there were two brushes and 83% when there were four brushes. In the proposed modeling, the location of the brushes is more important than the number of brushes. These results are expected to provide more accurate design information for the number and location of brushes applicable to an air purifier.

Результаты испытаний новых полуштамбовых сортов томата в условиях Терско-Сулакской низменности Республики Дагестан

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to study the collection and breeding material of tomatoes with a determinant bush type in open ground conditions, and to identify the best samples based on the results of the research on economically valuable traits for their further use in tomato breeding. Scientific novelty. Recent events in the country show the need to study and recommend domestic tomato varieties and hybrids in safe and risky farming zones. The article presents a brief description of new domestic tomato varieties with a short growing season. Samples of morphological and biometric indicators for the source material of tomato breeding were selected. Varieties with short interphase periods “shoots –flowering”, “flowering – ripening” were identified. On the basis of a comprehensive assessment of early maturity, economically valuable characteristics and tasting evaluation of fruits, promising varieties were noted for recommendation and implementation in the production of the lowland and foothill parts of Dagestan. Methods. Field and laboratory. The method for the study was 8 new semi-stamp cultivars of VNIISSOK selection. Descriptions of tomato plants were carried out taking into account morphological (stem height, number of shoots, number of leaves, number of brushes, number of ovaries and fruits), agrochemical and complex of economically valuable characteristics (total and early yield, marketability of fruits, fruit weight, dry matter, sugar, fruit tasting evaluation). Results. According to the maturation dates, the samples were divided into three groups: very early – Severyanka, Blagodatnyy, Magnat, Voskhod VNIISSOKa (97–100 days); early – Patris, Viking, Perst (102–105 days); middle-early – Sodruzhestvo, Fakel (111–114 days). According to the type of bush, we have identified 5 ordinary and semi-lamb samples with a height of no more than 78 cm. Two samples had a height of 50.53 cm (Patris, Perst) and an average fetal weight of 72 and 60 g. Three samples had a height of 70, 71, 72 cm (Voskhod VNIISSOKa, Blagodatnyy, Sodruzhestvo) and an average fetal weight of 107, 110, 130 g respectively. According to the output of gross output, the best indicators were of the following varieties: Blagodatnyy – 86.3 t/ha, Voskhod VNIISSOKa – 82.7 t/ha, Sodruzhestvo – 77.6 t/ha, Patris – 68.2 t/ha. The following grades had a high yield of marketable products: Voskhod VNIISSOKa, Patris – 92 %, Blagodatnyy – 91 %, Perst – 90 %.

Efficacy of an interdental brush in cleaning artificial plaque on a 3D-printed model base

BackgroundAmong interdental cleaning aids (ICAs), interdental brushes (IDBs) are in the spotlight because they can effectively remove plaque from interdental surfaces. Guidance on the correct use of ICAs, such as IDBs, is required to prevent dental plaque accumulation. Since it is impossible to confirm the interdental proximal surface unless extracted, it is difficult to conduct quantitative experiments. This study presented an efficient way to evaluate IDBs by realizing dental structures and embrasures using a Dental computer-aided design (CAD) software and a 3D printer.MethodsTwo different sizes of embrasure (0.7 and 1.2 mm) crown models were prepared with CAD software and a 3D printer. To evaluate the cleaning efficacy of IDBs of each size (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.5 mm diameters), the 9th cycle of brush move was performed where artificial plaque was spread and a digital camera was used to record the process. The pixels and percentage of cleaning from the recorded digital images were analyzed.ResultsThe plateau was formed after the 5th brushing cycle under all conditions—after the 5th cycle, the cleaning efficacy of the two crown models was 69.3–86.4% and 49.8–75.4%. In these results, the optimal diameters for the IDB were 1.2 and 1.5 mm for embrasure sizes of 0.7 and 1.2 mm, respectively. Moreover, the cleaning efficacy was the highest at 86.4% and 75.4% after the 9th cycle.ConclusionsThe 3D-printed model base for the human oral embrasure structure is an adequate model to test artificial plaque removal using IDB. The use of IDBs for more than five cycles does not support the conventional idea that a greater number of IDB brushing moves is more effective in a statistically substantial manner.

Novel ultrasonic-assisted cleaner technology for cocoon brushing at low temperature

Cocoon brushing is a vitally important process in silk reeling, it closely relates to raw silk quality and reeling efficiency. In this research, an ultrasonic-assisted cocoon brushing process is proposed, which can achieve cocoon reeling and silk cleaning at lower temperature and alleviate the problem of using excessive temperature to cocoon brushing in silk reeling factories. The cocoon brushing effect of different treatment conditions is investigated by fuzzy orthogonal method to obtain the optimal process: ultrasonic temperature 80 °C, ultrasonic time 40 s, ultrasonic power 144 W, cocoon cooking time 3 min. Compared with the conventional process, the total number of cocoon brushing is reduced by 4.75 times, the reelability percentage is heightened 11.39% and the rushing upon cocoons per myriameter is lessened 2.53 times. After ultrasonic treatment, the secondary structure and thermal stability of raw silk are not change. The sericin distribution is more uniform and the mechanical properties are improved to a certain extent. The temperature of this process is about 15 °C lower than the silk reeling factory and it can save 93 MJ for 1 kg of raw silk per reeling. Results show that ultrasonic can be used to develop an green process for cocoon brushing, which may provide a technical reference for the silk environmental protection production.

Motivation, Perception, and Behavior of the Adult Orthodontic Patient: A Survey Analysis.

Purpose The article is aimed at improving the understanding of the sociocultural profile of adult orthodontic patients and their expectations. In particular, it addresses three main aspects: the motivation and needs that underpin the decision to start orthodontic treatment, how it influences the patients' daily life, and the different oral hygiene demands. Materials and Methods An online survey was completed by 276 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with different techniques. The questions asked concerned gender, age, type of appliance, any previous orthodontic treatments, type of any previous retainers, reasons for therapy, satisfaction, pain, problems in eating, daily number of teeth brushings and flossings before and during the treatment, perception of cost, sensation of visibility of the appliance, and if they would recommend orthodontic treatment. Results A significant role within our sample is played by gender; 87.94% consisted of female patients out of which 72.57% wanted to improve their aesthetics, while only 54.84% of male patients cited the same reason. Invisible aligners were preferred by 67.70% of the patients due to them being considered the least painful, causing the fewest problems with eating, and the least visible. Metal braces were perceived as the less expensive treatment. Over a third of the patients (33.85%) had previously undergone orthodontic treatment, among them 54.05% wore a mobile retainer, 31.08% a fixed one, and 14.86% both. Daily tooth brushing and flossing increased during therapy with clear aligners by 48.94% and 126.39%, respectively. Conclusions The greatest demand for orthodontic treatments comes from women, as they pay more attention to aesthetics, which makes the clear aligners the most common choice. The relapse after orthodontic treatment seems to cause a higher demand for retreatment, and oral hygiene habits significantly improve during orthodontic treatment, especially with the clear aligners.

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults in Mbouda/Cameroon 2020

Aim or Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with oral health-related quality Of life (OHRQOL) in adults in Mbouda (Cameroon) in 2020. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey with nonprobability sampling was used in this study from March to November 2020. A sample of 238 adults aged from 18 to 65 years residing in Mbouda completed an oral health survey to assess the factors associated to OHRQOL. The means and standard deviations of the OHIP-14 index were calculated and associated to individual and environmental factors and biological functions. Normality test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and the coefficient of spearman correlation were used for data analysis. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. An approval to conduct the study was obtained from the institutional research ethics committee for human health. Results: The most affected domains of the OHIP-14 index score among adults were physical pain (42.6%) and psychological discomfort (39.2%). Age group, level of education, number of daily brushes, fixed salary, accessibility, periodontal disease and tooth decay were significantly associated with OHRQOL. After multiple linear regression, periodontal disease, accessibility and dental caries were retained as predictors of OHRQOL in adults of Mbouda. Conclusions: The establishment of an oral health program, the strengthening of an effective oral hygiene, the promotion of oral health and the reduction of geographic and financial barriers are necessary to finally improve OHRQOL among adults in Mbouda.

Effect of Triweekly Interdental Brushing on Bleeding Reduction in Adults: A Six-Month Retrospective Study.

This study assessed the effect of triweekly interdental brushing for a period of 6 months using the bleeding on full-mouth interdental brushing (BOFIB) index. All participants answered questionnaires and were instructed to clean all interdental areas using an interdental brush at least every second day. A dentist assessed the BOFIB index of 28 participants at baseline and at 3- and 6-month follow-up visits. We stratified the participants into three groups: IB-NN, those who used the interdental brush less than three times per week both before and after this program; IB-NY, those who used the interdental brush less than three times per week before the program but at least three times per week after the program; and IB-YY, those who used it at least three times per week both before and after the program. Owing to the weekly number of interdental brushings, the IB-YY and the other two groups showed a significant difference at baseline. At the 6-month follow-up, the weekly number of interdental brushings led to a significant difference between the IB-NN and the other two groups. The BOFIB index was lower among the compliant participants than among the noncompliant participants after 3 and 6 months of triweekly interdental brushing.

Association of Demographic Details with the Onset of Precancerous Lesions in Bengaluru Population

Oral cancer is among the top three types of cancers in India. In India, 90-95 % of the oral cancers is squamous cell carcinoma. The mortality due to oral cancer is increasing in a high rate in India. There are many contributing factors which increase the incidence of oral pre-cancer and cancer. Therefore, this study analyzed the correlation between various demographic characters with the onset of oral lesions (leukoplakia). In the present study, total of 80 subjects with oral leukoplakia were included from Indian Cancer Society organized camps in different region of Bangalore city. The respondent was personally interviewed and collected the data. The demographic data includes education, alcohol addiction, tobacco intake, sexual activity etc. Interestingly, the result obtained after statistically test found positive correlation between demographic details and oral leukoplakia. Socioeconomic status, brushing number, alcohol, tobacco, poor oral hygiene (p<0.01) emerge out as a major contributing risk factors for the pathogenesis of oral lesions.The demographic characteristics of Bangalore population concurred with oral pre-cancer (leukoplakia) were found to be smokeless tobacco, alcohol, poor hygiene, and caffeinated drinks. Hence, awareness among the population about the resulted contributing factors would help to reduce the occurrence of oral carcinogenesis.

АДАПТИВНІСТЬ ТА УРОЖАЙНІСТЬ СОРТІВ ПОМІДОРА ДО УМОВ ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ

The expansion of the assortment of vegetable plants allows to increase the variety and production of domestic vegetable products, in particular, tomatoes. The article examines and proves the research results that the variety significantly affects the formation of tomato productivity and can minimize the negative impact of environmental factors. Experimental studies were carried out in 2018–2020. On the experimental field of the Uman NUS and was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. The main research methods are used in the work: analysis and comparison, experimental, calculated. We studied tomato varieties of Ukrainian selection Lagidny (control), Anita, Aisan, Vulkan, Geyser, Daruna, Classic, Lyubimy, Mirolyubovsky, Obereg, Udavchik, Fizuma, Khoriv, Chudo. The study of the nature of the influence of the varietal characteristics of the tomato on the onset of the main phases of growth and development confirmed the different timing of the beginning of flowering and in the variety Mirolyubovsky period began on May 27, in the varieties Obereg, Khoriv, Lagidny - on May 30. The fruits of most varieties reached in the third decade of July, in the Mirolyubovsky variety - on July 24, in the Obereg and Khoriv varieties – on July 29, later than control. Depending on the variety, budding of the first cluster occurred 43–46 days after germination. The shortest growing season was observed in the varieties Lyubimy, Mirolyubovsky, Udavchik, Fizuma – 102–105 days, Anita, Obereg and Chudo – 106, Horev and Lagidny – 107 days. It was found that in terms of the height of the main stem in the seedling phase, most varieties had similar indicators – 33.5–33.7 cm, only in the Mirolyubovsky variety it was the smallest – 29.1 cm. An insignificant increase in the height of the main stem was revealed in the flowering phase of the first cluster and before the start of fruit collection, it was 71.3–71.8 cm in varieties Khoriv and Obereg, Mirolyubovsky – 55.8 cm. Before planting, most varieties had 6 leaves, and in Mirolyubovsky variety – 5. At the beginning of ripening, fruits on plants were counted by 45 leaves in the Oberig variety, 41 – Khoriv, 28 – Mirolyubovsky, which is significantly higher than the control of the Lagidny variety – 37 pcs / plant. The area of leaves on the plant varied depending on the area of the leaf blade and their number. In the seedling phase, the leaf area was 21.9 thousand. m2/ha for the Mirolyubovsky variety, for the Obereg variety – 24.3 thousand. m2/ha, ie had close values with control (21.3 thousand m2/ha). At the time of flowering, this figure increased for the variety Obereg to 52.8 thousand. m2/ha, in the variety Horiv – 52.4 thousand. m2/ha, which was significantly higher than the control – 45.2 thousand. m2/ha. At the beginning of fruit ripening, the leaf area reached 127.3 thousand. m2/ha, Obereg – 129.0, Mirolyubovsky – 125.5 thousand. m2/ha. Comparison of the number of generative organs of plants showed that during the growing season a larger number of brushes was formed on plants of the Horeb variety – 23.1 pieces / plant, which exceeded the control – 20.8 pieces / plant. The highest yields were found in the varieties Vulkan and Khoriv – 63.0 t/ha, as well as Miracle – 62.8 t/ha, which significantly exceeded the control – 56.0 t/ha. The Daruna variety approached this indicator and had a yield of 56.9 t/ha. In varieties Anita and Obereg, the yield was lower than the control by 1.4–1.5 t/ha, in varieties Mirolyubovskiy and Aisan – by 8.3–9.5 t/ha. The variety Oberig had high chemical indicators, the fruits of which accumulated 6.2 % of dry soluble substance versus 5.1 % control Lagidny. The varieties Khoriv and Mirolyubovsky were close to the control in terms of this indicator. In terms of sugar content, varieties Khoriv, Obereg and Mirolyubovsky prevailed – 3.4, 3.9 and 3.8 %, respectively, which is significantly higher than the control. In terms of the amount of vitamin C, the varieties Oberig and Chudo were distinguished, in which a high sugar-acid coefficient was found – 9.4 compared to the control (7.5). In varieties Khoriv and Mirolyubovsky, it was at the level of 5.6 and 5.8, respectively.

Cardiovascular risks of periodontitis and oral hygiene indicators in patients with diabetes mellitus

AimPeriodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease prevalent in diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate periodontitis and poor oral hygiene as independent risk factors for either cerebral or myocardial infarction in the diabetes population. MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 17,009 patients with diabetes who had participated in a nationwide health-screening programme, including oral health examination, during 2002–2003 in South Korea. Presence of periodontitis, tooth loss and carious teeth were assessed by professional dentists, and the number of tooth brushings per day was evaluated through self-reported questionnaires. The primary study outcome was the development of cerebral or myocardial infarction, based on International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes, up to 31 December 2015. ResultsThe study enrolled 17,009 patients with diabetes. Over the mean 11.64 years of follow-up, 1341 patients presented with either cerebral or myocardial infarction. On multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, presence of periodontitis was an independent risk factor for either cerebral or myocardial infarction [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.34; P = 0.030]. An increased number of carious teeth (≥5) was also associated with risk of cerebral or myocardial infarction (adjusted HR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.20–2.32; P = 0.002), whereas frequent tooth brushing (≥2 times/day) was negatively associated with risk of cerebral or myocardial infarction (adjusted HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70–0.90; P < 0.001) compared with tooth brushing ≤1 time/day. ConclusionEarly identification and intervention of periodontal disease may be effective in reducing cardiovascular complications in the diabetes population, and improved oral hygiene would probably be associated with lower cardiovascular risk in diabetes.

Wastewater treatment in a bioreactor with a variable number of immobilized sludge carriers

The use of microorganisms attached to inert synthetic substrates in wastewater treatment increases the oxidative capacity of a bioreactor. In this article, the dependence of the concentration of freely floating sludge on the specific length of a inert biological module carrying immobilized sludge was studied. Experiments were carried out in a physical bioreactor model presenting a transverse vertical section of an industrial bioreactor aerotank. The concentration of freely floating sludge was controlled by the method of light transmission using a lux meter. A mathematical expression was obtained for calculating the dependence between the concentration of freely floating sludge and the number of specific meters of brush filtering modules placed in a bioreactor. This expression gives the concentration of freely floating sludge at a given length of immobilized sludge carriers. The mass of immobilized sludge along the running metre of a brush- filtering module was determined, depending on the specific number of brushes in a bioreactor. It was shown that the mass of the immobilized sludge on a biological module depends on the number of brushes and their location in the cross vertical section of a bioreactor. The installation of biological modules in the central space of the bioreactor along its length increases the amount of immobilized sludge compared to their installation along the width of the aerotank. It was found that the efficiency of air medium-bubble regeneration of immobilized sludge does not depend on the specific length of brush filtering modules: the reduction in the specific length from ~60 to ~10 run.m/m 3 in all the experiments corresponded to 93% regeneration efficiency. An increase in the total amount of freely floating and immobilized sludge allows for an intensification of the wastewater treatment process.

The effect of youth personal hygiene education experience on subjective health and oral health

Objectives: To investigate the effect of adolescents personal hygiene education experience on subjective health and oral health. Methods: The data of this study were analyzed using the statistical analysis software SPSS/WIN 25.0 program, and the significance level was tested at .05. Results: In the case of both hand washing and brushing education, the increase in oral health status, brushing frequency, and hand washing frequency was found to have an effect on subjective health status. Subjective oral health was found to have an effect on subjective health status as health status, number of brushing, and number of hand washing increased. Conclusions: It is believed that various education should be provided to protect the health of individuals from the outbreak of infectious diseases by conducting regular education during the youth period.

A study on DMFT index between elementary school students: The seventh korea national health and nutrition examination survery

Objectives: This study aims to assess the subjective oral health perception and oral health behavior of elementary school students to identify their relevance to the DMFT index. Methods: Based on the 7th National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2018, 1,073 elementary school students aged 7 to 12 were surveyed. Analysis ia composite general linear model analysis was performed with the DMFT index as a dependent variable. Results: An analysis of the impact on the DMFT index showed statistically significant results in age, number of brushing a day, oral examination status, and subjective oral health recognition. Conclusions: This will require the development of oral health education programs that can improve oral health of elementary school students and support measures for oral health prevention and management of elementary school students.

Influence of the bacillus genus bacteria on the growth and productivity of tomatoes of spok variety

Many scientists have established the multifunctional effect of bacteria of the genus Bacilluson various plants. It is necessary to use natural growth regulators to obtain high yields of tomato. The paper presents the results of studies on the effect of a mixture of strains of the genus Bacillusbacteria on the growing processes and productivity of tomato. In 2019–2020 under the conditionsof the Novosibirsk region, in small-plot experiments, it was found that a mixture of bacterial strainsof the genus Bacillus (B. amyloliquefaciens VKPM B-10642, B. amyloliquefaciens VKPM B-10643,B. subtilis VKPM B-10641) has a growth-stimulating effect on a tomato Spok variety. Their use contributed to an increase in the vegetative mass of plants. The treated plants, in comparison with thecontrol sowing, were taller: the length of the aboveground part increased 1.2–1.4 times on averageover 2 years. When using a mixture of strains of the Bacillus genus, the number of brushes, flowersand tomatoes increased. A statistically significant difference in the number of flowers and fruit wasobtained when accounting for the first and second ten days of July. The number of fruit increasedsignificantly in the second decade of July by 1.7 times. It was found that the pre-sowing treatment oftomato seeds with a mixture of strains not only contributed to an increase in growth rates, but alsopositively influenced the formation of the yield. Under the influence of the microbiological complex,the average weight of fruit increased by 1.2–1.4 times. The yield increase on average over 2 yearswas 4.5 kg/ m 2. In this regard, it is possible to recommend the use of a mixture of strains of bacteria ofthe genus Bacillus at a concentration of 1×106CFU/ ml for pre-sowing treatment of seeds as a growthstimulator and increase the productivity of tomato Spok variety.

Correlation between the number of brushes per day and the dmft index in 12-year-old school children from the El Vecino parish in Cuenca, Ecuador 2016

Correlate the number of brushes per day and the decay-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) index in 12-year-old school children from the parish "El Vecino Cuenca - Ecuador 2016". The study was communicational, quantitative, descriptive and relational. The population consisted of 279 records from the study of the epidemiological map of schoolchildren in the "El Vecino" parish. The database included the registration number, age, sex, parish and DMFT Index. There was an statistically significant inverse correlation between the number of brushes per day and the DMFT index with a p value = 0.029. The present study shows that there is a correlation between the number of brushes per day and the DMFT index.

Relationship between the number of brushings per day and periodontal self perception in 12-year-old school children from Ecuador

To determine the number of brushings per day and periodontal self-perception in 12-year-old schoolchildren from the Machángara parish, in Cuenca Ecuador in 2016. A descriptive, retrospective, relational level study was conducted. The sample consisted of 205 records of 12-year-old schoolchildren residing in the Machángara parish, which belongs to the epidemiological map of oral health in Cuenca, performed by the Catholic University of Cuenca. For analysis of the data, descriptive statistics were used with frequencies and percentages for each of the variables and the Kendall Tau-b statistical test was performed to determine the correlation between the main variables of the study, according to a significance of 0.05. 50.7% of adolescents were male, 49.3% female, and 94.1% were in public schools. It was found that 50.2% of the study population brushed three times a day, being 51.5% among females and 48.1% among males. The prevalence of periodontal self-perception was 85.4%: 86.1% in girls and 84.6% in boys. An inverse and significant negative correlation was found between the number of brushings per day and periodontal self-perception (Tau-b: -0.178; p: 0.004). Brushing frequency had an inverse and significant negative correlation with periodontal self-reporting for females (tau-b: -0.197; p value: 0.030) and a non significant correlation for males. There is an inverse and significant negative correlation between the frequency of daily brushing and periodontal self-perception. Educational strategies regarding oral health are needed for adolescents from the Machángara parish of Cuenca.

Seed productivity of alfalfa varieties and its components

Alfalfa blue is a perennial, multi-cut herbaceous plant. The expansion of the lucerne sowing areas does not occur due to the lack of sufficient sowing material, which in turn is due to low seed productivity. The solution to this problem is possible only when moving to new varieties with high potential for seed yield and introducing improved technologies. Our article shows the characteristic of new varieties of alfalfa of the Ershovsky selection. New varieties Serena and Natalie had the highest seed harvest rates in 9 years. Natalie variety on average for 9 years (2009-2017) by the number of brushes on one stem, the number of seeds in the bean and the number of beans in the brush was higher than the Uzen variety-standard by 5.0 respectively; 11.0 and 6.0%. According to the correlation analysis of the indicators, the crop of seeds and seeds in the bean is significant positive.

TOXIC EFFECTS OF ULTRA-DISPERSED FORMS OF METALS (Mo AND MoO3) IN THE EXPERIMENT in vivo

TOXIC EFFECTS OF ULTRA-DISPERSED FORMS OF METALS (Mo AND MoO3) IN THE EXPERIMENT in vivo

Intensive gardening: mechanization of cut branches windrowing

The most promising technology for utilization of fruit branches is grinding in the aisles of the garden using a special unit. However, the existing technical means provide for double run of the unit, since the width of the grinders is less than the row spacing width. This reduces labor performance up to 2 times and increases the cost of technological operation. A rational solution to this problem is windrowing of the cut branches and crushing within one run by one unit (machine complex) . At the same time, in case the branch grinders have been studied well enough and their parameters are justified, the rational parameters of the branch windrowing unit have not been substantiated until now. Therefore, study of the functioning and substantiation of the parameters of windrowing unit of fruit tree branches is an urgent problem in fruit growing. Analysis of technologies and technical means for this operation showed that the most rational was the technology of utilization of cut products using windrowing and crushing method directly in the garden row, mulching the soil surface with sawdust. Such machines are not manufactured in the republic. To substantiate the parameters of the windrowing unit for branches of fruit trees, theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out to substantiate its operational width. The diameter of position of the brush assembly brushes, the rational number of brushes on the operating body in quantity, speed of its rotation and dynamic coefficient have been determined. The graphical analysis of the process of moving branches by the brush unit made it possible to determine the rational length and rigidity of the elastic fingers of the brush. The obtained parameters and operating modes of the branch windrowing unite were used for development of a complex for harvesting branches of fruit trees KUV1.8, which provides for windrowing and grinding of cut and swath branches of garden trees and bushes with chips scattering on the surface in one run along the row. The prototype of KUV-1.8 branch harvesting complex has successfully passed the commissioning tests and extensive operational test.