Brushing Behavior Research Articles

Oral health behavior associated with cardiometabolic outcomes: A nationally representative cross-sectional study in Portugal

BackgroundOral diseases are associated with the development of cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between oral health behaviors (tooth brushing and oral health appointments) with cardiometabolic diseases. MethodsData from the First National Health Examination Survey were used. Participants aged 25–74 years and diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (n = 4442), stroke (n = 4441), hypertension (n = 4450) and diabetes (n = 4327) were analyzed. A fifth subsample (n = 2555) included participants aged 40–69 for calculating cardiovascular risk. Poor oral health behavior was defined as brushing once a day or less and having the last oral health appointment at 12 months or more. Poisson regression models assessed the relationship between poor oral health behavior and these cardiometabolic outcomes. ResultsAmong 4.450 participants, 20.5 % had poor oral health behavior. A statistically significant association was found between poor oral health behavior with diabetes (PR: 1.44 [95 % CI: 1.10–1.98], and high/very high cardiovascular risk (PR: 1.42 [95 % CI: 1.25–1.62]). In the sensitivity analysis the association with diabetes and high/very high cardiovascular risk persisted when considering only brushing behavior but not when considering only oral health appointments at 12 months or more. ConclusionsIndividuals with poor oral health behavior had a higher prevalence of diabetes and high/very high cardiovascular risk. Sensitivity analysis suggested that regular tooth brushing may be the main behavior for preventing diabetes and cardiovascular risk. The results suggest that regular tooth brushing may act in prevention for diabetes and cardiovascular risk.

Problematic screen exposure and oral health in preschool children: a comparison study

ObjectivesRecent studies have highlighted the association between problematic screen exposure (PSE) in preschool children and various health issues. This study aims to determine the relationship between PSE and oral/dental health as well as parafunctional oral habits in this population.MethodsHealthy children aged 3 to 6 years who visited the pediatric dentistry outpatient clinic were included in the study. PSE was evaluated using the parent-reported ‘Seven-in-Seven-Screen-Exposure Questionnaire’. An intraoral examination was conducted to record the number of decated, missing, and filled teeth, along with scores from the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II), as well as dental plaque and gingival indices.ResultsA total of 210 mother–child pairs were included in the study, comprising 70 pairs with PSE and 140 pairs without PSE. The sociodemographic characteristics, frequency of daily tooth brushing behaviors, use of children's toothpaste, and regular dental examinations were statistically evaluated between the PSE and non-PSE group (p > 0.05). Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of having abnormal oral habits (p > 0.05). In the PSE group, the median scores for gingival and plaque index were significantly higher (p = 0.011 and p = 0.006, respectively). The median number of decayed teeth was significantly higher in the PSE group (p = 0.039).ConclusionsTurkish preschool children with PSE were found to have a significantly higher likelihood of experiencing poor oral health. Consequently, it is essential to conduct oral health examinations for Turkish preschool children exhibiting PSE. The study may have clinical implications for the evaluation of preschool children with problematic media use within dental practice.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOOTH BRUSHING BEHAVIOR AND DENTAL CARIES IN CHILDREN AT 27 SUNGAI SAPIH PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL KURANJI, PADANG CITY

Caries is often experienced in mid-childhood 10-12 years which is referred to as a vulnerable period, because it is at that time that milk teeth begin to fall out and the first permanent teeth begin to grow. The 2018 West Sumatra Basic Health Research Results ( Rikesdas ) stated that 41.74% of children aged 10-14 years experience dental caries, while the prevalence of dental caries in Padang City is around 6,154 children, which is 36.71% . The behavior of maintaining community dental health in maintaining oral health is brushing teeth, while brushing teeth is the most important primary prevention action recommended . Research objectives to find out relationship between tooth brushing behavior and dental caries in children at 27 Sungai Sapih Public Elementary School Kuranji, Padang City . The type of research used is quantitative research, namely analytic with an observation approach . The population in this study were all students in grades 4 and 5 at State Elementary School 27 Sungai Sapih Kuranji Padang City, totaling 114 people with total sampling technique. This research was conducted at 27 Sungai Sapih Public Elementary School Kuranji, Padang City. When the research was conducted in November 2022 -February 2023 . Analysis data using Spearman test, data processing using computerized program SPSS IBM version 25.0 . The results of the study showed that the most tooth brushing behavior was moderate, namely 94 people (82.5%), the most dental caries was very low, namely 56 people (49.1%) and there were relationship between tooth brushing behavior and dental caries in children at 27 Sungai Sapih Public Elementary School Kuranji, Padang City. ( p = 0.001 ) . It is recommended for dental health workers to educate schools about the importance of dental and oral care and how to brush their teeth properly and correctly so that they can increase students' knowledge and behavior in brushing their teeth for the better.

Electro-Mechanical Behavior of Copper-Based Electrical Motor Brushes

This study was mainly performed in order to examine the properties of electric motor brushes (EMB). EMBs are electrically conductive and work under wear conditions due to direct contact with the moving part (rotor) of electric motors. In accordance with the scope of the study, EMB characteristics were investigated in two different groups and reproduced with a new technique at the end of this phase. New EMBs were produced via varying proportions of copper matrix, graphene, and silicon carbide reinforcements. The composite-alloy powder elements were carefully squeezed by a cold and single-axis hydraulic press under a pressure of 500 MPa (±5 MPa) following 8 hours of mechanical alloying (MA). The molded composite product (sample) was sintered at 900° C for 1 hour in a reducing gas atmosphere. 100 kPa spring pressure was tested on each sample thrice with 8, 16, 24, and 32 m/s rotational speeds and densities of 4, 8, 12, and 16 A/cm2. Following this process, the electrical conductivity, porosity, hardness, wear loss, surface roughness, and temperature changes were investigated for each sample. It was determined that the electrical conductivity decreased with increasing reinforcement ratio and, in terms of electrical conductivity, affected the brushes’ properties negatively.

A Remote Oral Self-Care Behaviors Assessment System in Vulnerable Populations: Usability and Feasibility Study.

Preventative self-care can reduce dental disease that disproportionately burdens vulnerable populations. Personalized digital oral self-care behavioral interventions offer a promising solution. However, the success of these digital interventions depends on toothbrushing data collection e-platforms attuned to the needs and preferences of vulnerable communities. The aim of this study is to assess the usability and feasibility of the Remote Oral Behaviors Assessment System (ROBAS), which has been adapted to address the unique requirements of socioeconomically disadvantaged minority individuals. A cohort of 53 community-clinic participants, including 31 (58%) Latino and 22 (42%) Black individuals with no prior experience using electric toothbrushes, were recruited to use ROBAS, with planned assessments at baseline, 2 months, and 4 months. Beyond evaluating ROBAS's technical performance, extensive feedback was gathered to gauge users' experiences, viewpoints, and overall contentment. The System Usability Scale (SUS) served as a primary metric for assessing user satisfaction and acceptability. ROBAS exhibited largely reliable and consistent data-gathering capabilities. SUS scores (mean 75.6, SD 14.5) reflected participant contentment within a range of values for other commonly used digital devices and technologies. Among participants who answered questions about willingness to pay for ROBAS, 97% (30/31) indicated that they were willing to pay for ROBAS either as a one-time payment or as a subscription-based service. Additionally, 87.5% of participants expressed that they would endorse it to acquaintances. Most participants expressed no reservations about privacy; among those who expressed privacy concerns (n=20, 50%), the concerns included exposure of information (n=18, 45%), monitoring of brushing habits (n=12, 30%), and collection of information (n=14, 35%), although these concerns did not significantly correlate with specific participant traits. In qualitative terms, users valued ROBAS's ability to monitor brushing habits but called for refinements, especially in Wi-Fi and application connectivity. Recommendations for system improvements encompassed enhanced app functionality, individualized coaching, more comprehensive brushing data, and the addition of flossing activity tracking. The research highlights ROBAS's promise as a digital platform for unobtrusively tracking daily oral self-care activities in marginalized communities. The system proved to be both feasible, as evidenced by its stable and accurate data capture of brushing behaviors, and user-friendly, as reflected by strong SUS scores and positive user feedback. Influential factors for its uptake included ease of learning and operation, and the feedback provided.

“Tan's Dent-Card Qr Model Website Based” as an Effort to Improve Teeth Brushing Behavior and Dental Hygiene Status Primary School Children

Background: Children aged 10-12 years have a very high rate of tooth decay at 57.6% with a mean (DMF-T) of 4.8. This is caused by one of the influencing factors, namely the low level of behavior in maintaining dental hygiene, as evidenced by the results of the 2019 Semarang City health data, that 86.7% of elementary school children do not have good tooth brushing behavior. The achievement of the new joint tooth brushing program is 47.8%, so innovation is needed in changing tooth brushing behavior, namely through the "Tan's Dent-Card QR Website Based Model" which is expected to improve tooth brushing behavior and the dental hygiene status of elementary school children. Research purposes:Producing a "Website Based Tan's Dent-Card QR Model" that is effective and feasible to implement to improve tooth brushing behavior and the dental hygiene status of elementary school children. Method : The method used in this research is Research and Development (R&D) with 5 research stages, namely needs identification, design and build, expert validation, feasibility test 1, and feasibility test 2. This research uses a pre-experimental design with a one- group pre-post- test. The sampling technique was purposive sampling consisting of 30 elementary school children aged 10-12 years who were given intervention for 14 days. Results: The validity results of the "Tan's Dent-Card QR Website-Based Model" show a value of p=0.000, which means this model is suitable for use to improve the behavior and dental hygiene status of elementary school children. “Tan's Dent-Card QR Website-Based Model” was also effective in enhancing tooth brushing behavior and dental hygiene status (p=0.000). In feasibility test 2, the result was p=0.000, which means the model is suitable for independent use by elementary school children aged 10-12 years. Conclusion: "Tan's Dent- Card QR Website-Based Model" is effective and ideal for use as an effort to improve tooth brushing behavior and the dental hygiene status of elementary school children.

Ball Toothbrush as an Effort to Improve Teeth Brushing Skills and Debris Index Status in Stroke Patients

Background: The proportion of correct tooth brushing behavior is only 2.8% of the population. Apart from dental health problems in the community, stroke problems are also still encountered, based on 2013 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) data, the prevalence of stroke in Indonesia is 10.9% of those diagnosed with stroke, stroke patients often experience long-term disability, so good oral hygiene is difficult to maintain. So innovation is needed in changing teeth brushing skills, namely through the "Ball Toothbrush" which is expected to improve teeth brushing skills and debris index status in stroke patients. Objective: To produce a "Ball Toothbrush" effective and feasible to improve tooth brushing skills and debris index in stroke patients. Method: The method used in this research is Research and Development (R&D) with 5 research stages, namely needs identification, engineering design, expert validation, model/product testing, and model/product results. This research used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-post-test design. The sampling technique was purposive sampling consisting of 30 stroke patients who were given intervention for 14 days. Results: Ball Toothbrush is feasible and effective in improving tooth brushing skills and debris index in stroke patients. The results of the effectiveness test of using the Ball Toothbrush model on tooth brushing skills obtained a value of 0.000 (p<0.05) and a debris index of 0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The Ball Toothbrush model is feasible and its application effectively improves tooth brushing skills and debris index status in stroke patients.

Modeling Ionic and Sequence Effects on the Swelling Behavior of Polyampholyte Brushes

Modeling Ionic and Sequence Effects on the Swelling Behavior of Polyampholyte Brushes

It is the habit not the handle that affects tooth brushing - a randomised counterbalanced cross over study with young and healthy adults

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of the toothbrush handle on video-observed toothbrushing behaviour and toothbrushing effectiveness.MethodsThis is a randomized counterbalanced cross-over study. N = 50 university students and employees brushed their teeth at two occasions, one week apart, using either a commercial ergonomically designed manual toothbrush (MT) or Brushalyze V1 (BV1), a manual toothbrush with a thick cylindrical handle without any specific ergonomic features. Brushing behaviour was video-analysed. Plaque was assessed at the second occasion immediately after brushing. Participants also rated their self-perceived oral cleanliness and directly compared the two brushes regarding their handling and compared them to the brushed they used at home.ResultsThe study participants found the BV1 significantly more cumbersome than the M1 or their brush at home. (p < 0.05). However, correlation analyses revealed a strong consistency of brushing behavior with the two brushes (0.71 < r < 0.91). Means differed only slightly (all d < 0.36). These differences became statistically significant only for the brushing time at inner surfaces (d = 0.31 p = 0.03) and horizontal movements at inner surfaces (d = 0.35, p = 0.02). Plaque levels at the gingival margins did not differ while slightly more plaque persisted at the more coronal aspects of the crown after brushing with BV1 (d = 0.592; p 0.042).DiscussionThe results of the study indicate that the brushing handle does not play a major role in brushing behavior or brushing effectiveness.

The Effectiveness of Counseling Using Quartet Card Media on Brushing Behavior in School-Age Children

Background: The community's low incidence of excellent and proper brushing behavior, which is primarily displayed by children (about 2%), is increasing the prevalence of dental decay. By employing the playing strategy, specifically with four card media, which has its own appeal due to the intriguing pictures, one can improve brushing behavior, which is now inadequate. Research Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of quartet card media counseling on toothbrushing behavior in elementary school students. This research used quasi experimental with pretest and posttest control group design. The samples were collected using total sampling, and they were 110 respondents. The sample is split into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The data were collected using questionnaires for pretest and posttest. The data analysis used a Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test. Research Results: Tooth brushing behavior in elementary school students was 47.3% with good criteria, moderate 47.3%, and increased with good criteria 92.7%, while 7.3% following counseling. The experimental group's mean value was 14,36 compared to the control group's 12,64. The Wilcoxon test resulted in a p-value of 0.000, the Mann Whitney test obtained p=0.000. Conclusion: Counseling using quartet card media is effective in improving brushing behavior in elementary school children. Keyword : Effectiveness of counseling, quartet card media, brushing behavior.

Brushing Up on Cartilage Lubrication: Polyelectrolyte-Enhanced Tribological Rehydration.

This study presents new insights into the potential role of polyelectrolyte interfaces in regulating low friction and interstitial fluid pressurization of cartilage. Polymer brushes composed of hydrophilic 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SPMK) tethered to a PEEK substrate (SPMK-g-PEEK) are a compelling biomimetic solution for interfacing with cartilage, inspired by the natural lubricating biopolyelectrolyte constituents of synovial fluid. These SPMK-g-PEEK surfaces exhibit a hydrated compliant layer approximately 5 μm thick, demonstrating the ability to maintain low friction coefficients (μ ∼ 0.01) across a wide speed range (0.1-200 mm/s) under physiological loads (0.75-1.2 MPa). A novel polyelectrolyte-enhanced tribological rehydration mechanism is elucidated, capable of recovering up to ∼12% cartilage strain and subsequently facilitating cartilage interstitial fluid recovery, under loads ranging from 0.25 to 2.21 MPa. This is attributed to the combined effects of fluid confinement within the contact gap and the enhanced elastohydrodynamic behavior of polymer brushes. Contrary to conventional theories that emphasize interstitial fluid pressurization in regulating cartilage lubrication, this work demonstrates that SPMK-g-PEEK's frictional behavior with cartilage is independent of these factors and provides unabating aqueous lubrication. Polyelectrolyte-enhanced tribological rehydration can occur within a static contact area and operates independently of known mechanisms of cartilage interstitial fluid recovery established for converging or migrating cartilage contacts. These findings challenge existing paradigms, proposing a novel polyelectrolyte-cartilage tribological mechanism not exclusively reliant on interstitial fluid pressurization or cartilage contact geometry. The implications of this research extend to a broader understanding of synovial joint lubrication, offering insights into the development of joint replacement materials that more accurately replicate the natural functionality of cartilage.

Powtoon Media in the Whatsapp Group Application on Dental Hygiene Behavior in Primary School Children

Preventive measures such as brushing teeth are still considered not good for children. According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health's Data and Data Center in 2018, it was stated that tooth brushing behavior based on age groups in Indonesia, namely the daily brushing behavior of children aged 10-14 years, had a percentage of 96.5% with the percentage of correct tooth brushing time being 2.1%. Riskesdas states that the percentage of brushing teeth correctly is 2.8%. Promotional efforts that can be made are Dental Health Education. Apart from being carried out on children, this effort can also be carried out on parents, especially mothers. Powtoon as a multimedia application that can be used as a learning medium has several advantages, including very interesting animation features such as handwritten animation, cartoon animation and lively transition effects as well as easy timeline management. The research method and stages are development research to produce media products, then to see the effect of media use, a quasi-experimental method with one group pretest and posttest design is used. Research Results: Powtoon media for dental health education because of FGD with media experts, health promotion experts and dental health promotion media has been created with the results of expert validation and declared suitable for use as a media for Dental Health Education. Test the influence of powtoon media on children's teeth brushing practices and parents' knowledge using Wilcoxon test analysis with a p-value of 0.000 &lt; 0.005, which means there is a significant influence.

The Effect of Educational Games on Tooth Brushing Skills in Preschool Children

Educational regarding proper tooth brushing procedures needs to be carried out since preschool, because this is a golden time to build a habit. However, the proportion of correct brushing behavior based on RISKESDAS 2019 is only 2.8%. To overcome this behavior, it is necessary to provide treatment that attracts children's attention, such as providing educational games. The educational game that designed by researchers is about Tooth brushing Simulation using the Doctor Toys Set Educational Game Tool and video for how to play. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of educational games to improve toothbrushing skills in Atikan Kindergarten, Bandung City. This research method uses a pre-experimental one group pre-test – post-test design which was carried out in April 2022 with a total sampling of 20 children. Toothbrushing skills were observed 2 times, before treatment (pre-test) and after treatment with educational games (post-test). Data analysis used paired-T test. The average score of the correct brushing movement before and after doing the Educational Game on Simulation of Brushing Teeth was 6.65 and 11.85 and there was a significant difference based on the mean score (p&lt;0.05). The conclusion is that an Educational Game about Simulation of Brushing Teeth with Doctor Toys Set and a video of how to play the tool can be used to improve tooth brushing skills in pre-school children.

Snakes and Ladders Game Media on the Behavior of Brushing Teeth in Elementary School Children

Background: One way to keep your teeth and mouth clean is by brushing your teeth regularly and regularly. Good habits and discipline in caring for and cleaning teeth by brushing teeth regularly and regularly must be started early so that future generations are accustomed to a healthy lifestyle. Brushing your teeth is cleaning your teeth from dirt or food residue using a toothbrush. Purposes: to determine the effectiveness of the snake and ladder game media on tooth brushing behavior in Grade 5 children at Susukan 06 Elementary School. Methods: This study uses a survey method with an approachpre-post design. The sample in this study were 30 grade 5 students at Susukan 06 Elementary School, East Jakarta total sampling. Result: The results of the study show that if the significance value of knowledge, attitudes and actions is 0.000, this value is less than 0.05 which can then be said if Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected, which means there is a difference between the results pre test and post test knowledge, attitudes and actions of respondents so that it can also be concluded that there is an effective effect of education through snakes and ladders games on tooth brushing behavior. Conclusion: There is an increase in knowledge, attitudes and actions, this is evidenced by the variable value using the wilcoxon test is at a p-value of 0.000.

Montessori game on toothbrushing knowledge and behaviour in elementary school children

Background: One of the places where many bacteria are found is the oral cavity. Influenced by temperature, humidity, and food availability. Knowledge of dental and oral health should be given from an early age because children begin to understand the importance of oral and dental health, which is strongly influenced by knowledge and behavior. Brushing teeth in children with a frequency that is not optimal can be caused because children are not accustomed to brushing teeth early by parents. To be done with fun, learning can be given with montessori games to improve children's knowledge and behavior. Objective: To determine the effect of the montessori brushing game method on increasing knowledge and brushing behavior of grade I students at MI Darul Khoer Wanayasa, Purwakarta Regency. Method: Design using quantitative analytics with one group pre-test and post-test design research design. The type of research used is the Wilcoxon test. Results: Students had knowledge and behavior of brushing teeth with less category 54.6% before the Montessori game method and after the Montessori game method 63.8% of children experienced an increase in knowledge and behavior of brushing teeth with a good category with Asymp.sign (2-tailed) scores of 0.000 &lt; 0.05. Conclusion: There is an influence of Montessori game method on knowledge and behavior of brushing teeth in in elementary school children.

Phase Behavior of Polydisperse Y-Shaped Polymer Brushes under Good Solvent Conditions.

Y-shaped polymer brushes represent a special class of binary mixed polymer brushes, in which a combination of different homopolymers leads to unique phase behavior. While most theoretical and simulation studies use monodisperse models, experimental systems are always polydisperse. This discrepancy hampers linking theoretical and experimental results. In this theoretical study, we employed dissipative particle dynamics to study the influence of polydispersity on the phase behavior of Y-shaped brushes grafted to flat surfaces under good solvent conditions. Polydispersity was kept within experimentally achievable values and was modeled via Schulz-Zimm distribution. In total, 10 systems were considered, thus covering the phase behavior of monodisperse, partially polydisperse and fully polydisperse systems. Using such generic representation of real polymers, we observed a rippled structure and aggregates in monodisperse systems. In addition, polydisperse brushes formed a stable perforated layer not observed previously in monodisperse studies, and influenced the stability of the remaining phases. Although the perforated layer was experimentally observed under good solvent conditions and in the melt state, further confirmation of its presence in systems under good solvent conditions required mapping real polymers onto mesoscale models that reflected, for example, different polymer rigidity, and excluded volume effects or direct influence of the surface, just to mention a few parameters. Finally, in this work, we show that mesoscale modeling successfully describes polydisperse models, which opens the way for rapid exploring of complex systems such as polydisperse Y-shaped brushes in selective or bad solvents or under non-equilibrium conditions.

Pressure Anisotropy in Polymer Brushes and Its Effects on Wetting.

Polymer brushes, coatings consisting of densely grafted macromolecules, experience an intrinsic lateral compressive pressure, originating from chain elasticity and excluded volume interactions. This lateral pressure complicates a proper definition of the interface and, thereby, the determination and interpretation of the interfacial tension and its relation to the wetting behavior of brushes. Here, we study the link among grafting-induced compressive lateral pressure in polymer brushes, interfacial tension, and brush wettability using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. We focus on grafting densities and polymer-liquid affinities such that the polymer and liquid do not tend to mix. For these systems, a central result is that the liquid contact angle is independent of the grafting density, which implies that the grafting-induced lateral compressive pressure in the brush does not influence its wettability. Although the definition of brush interfacial tensions is complicated by the grafting-induced pressure, the difference in the interfacial tension between wet and dry brushes is perfectly well-defined. We confirm explicitly from Young's law that this difference offers an accurate description of the brush wettability. We then explore a method to isolate the grafting-induced contribution to the lateral pressure, assuming the interfacial tension is independent of grafting density. This scenario indeed allows disentanglement of interfacial and grafting effects for a broad range of parameters, except close to the mixing point. We separately discuss the latter case in light of autophobic dewetting.

DESCRIPTION OF TOOTH-BRUSHING BEHAVIOR BEFORE AND AFTER COUNSELING WITH ROLLING TECHNIQUE IN SDN MELONG ASIH CIMAHI

Correct and routine brushing behavior is very influential on oral cavity health. The knowledge possessed by the individual will determine his health behavior so that someone with good knowledge will know the right attitude and behavior when exposed to disease. Brushing your teeth properly and regularly is very influential on the health of the oral cavity, so there needs to be counseling on how to brush your teeth properly and correctly. This study aimed to determine the picture of brushing behavior before and after counseling with Rolling Technique in Grade 3 Students of SDN Melong Asih 5. This study used an analytical descriptive study design by conducting counseling followed by dental and oral hygiene examination with the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S) index method. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the OHI-S index in grade 3 students of SD Melong Asih 5 has decreased after counseling with poster media and dental pantum props that showed promising results; the rolling technique is quite effective in reducing the OHI-S index in SD Melong Asih 5 Cimahi students.

Relationship oral self-efficacy toward tooth-brushing behaviors in children

The issue of oral and dental health continues to pose a significant global challenge, particularly for individuals with limited economic means. Extensive literature has highlighted the substantial influence of an individual’s perceived self-efficacy on health-related behaviors and outcomes, including those related to oral health. This study aims to assess the relationship between children’s self-efficacy in oral care, particularly in tooth brushing behavior, and the incidence of tooth pain. This study employed an observational analytic approach with a cross-sectional design. Data was collected by administering questionnaires to 53 students at Klangon Elementary School in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The primary aim of the questionnaire was to gauge positive sentiments regarding oral hygiene practices, emphasizing the expected high frequency of “Strongly Agree” responses. However, the predominant response observed among participants leaned towards the “Neither Agree nor Disagree” option, indicating a prevailing tendency towards neutrality in their attitudes. The research findings revealed that 46 out of 53 children, representing 86.79% of the sample, reported experiencing the most significant tooth pain. In comparison, only seven children, accounting for 13.21%, reported being entirely free of pain. The analysis using Spearman’s two-tailed test indicates a weak correlation (correlation coefficient of 0.12) between individuals’ self- efficacy in tooth brushing behavior and their reported experiences with tooth pain. The p-value of 0.41 suggests this correlation is not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05). Therefore, it can be inferred that there is no meaningful association between oral self-efficacy and tooth-brushing behavior.

Rule-based Matching and Hidden Markov Model-based Warning for Brushing Behavior

Rule-based Matching and Hidden Markov Model-based Warning for Brushing Behavior