Brown Body Research Articles

We Do Not Let History Shroud Us: The Body as Curriculum and Its Refractive Possibilities

As two South Asians in the diaspora, we situate the significance of the body as a curriculum, where our lived experiences and stories supported us in navigating the COVID-19 pandemic. We engage in the method of life writing to attend to specific narratives that have framed our diasporic identities. Through that engagement, we seek to demonstrate how we struggle with questions about belonging and dislocation, while also finding ways to overcome those challenges and realities in our everyday lives. Gripped by memories formed through phone calls and visits, with miles between us and the place we know as South Asia, we posit that the diasporic body forms a curriculum by way of a Brown(ing) body. We make the case that such a body has always had to refract in all its complexities and nuances—pandemic or not. Accordingly, we then consider how our lived experiences and subjective bodies informed the pedagogical possibilities of navigating the morbid pandemic as it touched the lives of the students we worked with. Our collaborative writing is therefore an offering of hope and sustenance that emerged during a pandemical time of grave uncertainty and profound loss.

Three new species of Laccaria (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Southwest China (Yunnan) based on morphological and multi-gene sequence data.

The genus Laccaria has been reported from temperate and tropical areas and is an important constituent in forest ecosystems. However, the species diversity of Laccaria in Southwest China (Yunnan) has been underestimated. In this paper, descriptions based on morphological and multi-gene sequence data from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1α) and the polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) of three new Laccaria species from Southwest China (Yunnan) are reported. Two of these were characterized by orange pileus and globose to subglobose basidiospores: L. cinnabarina and L. spinulosa. While L. cinnabarina has orange red colored basidiocarps with conspicuously pellucid-striate pattern, and a fibrillose stipe with longitudinally striations, L. spinulosa has a brownish orange to brown fruiting body with light white pruinae and 2-spored basidia. Laccaria longistriata is characterized by brown to flesh-colored basidioma, prominently striate to sulcate pileus and globose to subglobose basidiospores. The three new species were described, illustrated and compared with closely related species in morphology and phylogeny.

A new species of short unpatterned moray eel (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the northwestern Indian Ocean, including the Socotra Archipelago, with a redescription of Gymnothorax pseudoherrei Böhlke

A new species of short brown unpatterned moray eel, Gymnothorax. arabicus sp. nov., is described based on specimens collected from the northwestern Indian Ocean, including the Red Sea, Socotra Archipelago, and Arabian Gulf. The new species is characterized by having the dorsal-fin origin before the gill opening, two branchial pores, one or two median intermaxillary teeth, biserial maxillary teeth, total vertebrae 114–120, and a plain brown head and body with dark yellow color at the tip of the tail. The new species formerly has been confused with G. pseudoherrei but is distinguished from it by having slightly more total vertebrae (114–120 vs. 111–116), dark stripes on the throat and side of the head, and a larger maximum size (ca. 300 mm TL vs. ca. 200 mm TL). Gymnothorax pseudoherrei, currently known from the Maldives and Sri Lanka to the Philippines, Solomon Islands, and northern Australia, is redescribed in the present study. A comparison of the COI mtDNA in BOLD, in association with published phylogenetic evidence, confirms that G. arabicus and G. pseudoherrei form two separate genetic lineages, corroborating the morphological data.

Safety and efficacy indicators of guarana and Brazil nut extract carried in nanoparticles of coenzyme Q10: Evidence from human blood cells and red earthworm experimental model

This study characterized a nanosupplement based on coenzyme Q10 containing guarana (Paullinia cupana) and Brazil nuts oil (Bertholetia excelsa) (G-Nut). Determined cytotoxic and oxi-immunomodulatory effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and its effect on mortality of red Californian earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and on the immune efficiency of its coelomocytes immune by in vitro exposure to yeast dead microorganism. The cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of G-Nut and the GN-Free extract (0.25–3 mg/mL) were determined in PBMC cultures. Apoptotic, oxidative, and inflammatory markers were determined using biochemical, immunological, and molecular protocols. The effects of G-Nut and GN-Free extracts on mortality and immune efficiency were investigated in earthworms. G-Nut and GN-Free did not induce cytotoxic events in PBMCs, triggering the decrease in apoptotic (caspases 3 and 8) gene expression, lipid and protein oxidation levels, or pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. G-Nut and GN-Free did not trigger earthworm mortality and improved coelomocyte immune efficiency by increasing Eisenia neutrophil extracellular DNA traps and brown body formation when exposed to dead yeasts. The G-Nut nanoformulation is safe and can be used as a new form of food supplement by oral or transdermal delivery.

Brown Gathering

Abstract Through a sustained engagement with The Precarious Life of the Parol, an installation art exhibition by the Filipinx artist Diane Williams, this essay theorizes “brown gathering”: a quotidian practice of archiving that mobilizes the kinship networks of minoritarian subjects as an affective and circulatory infrastructure of collecting, preserving, and (re)signifying the objects of brown life. Brown gathering simultaneously attests to the intimacies of state violence and the practices of minoritarian subjects. In Parol, named after a Filipinx Christmas ornament of Spanish and native origin, Williams turns toward this curatorial practice of making art with trash objects as a way to reckon with the archival absences of Philippine history. This investigation of Williams’s pieces, all made from trash objects that her family donated to her, concerns three categories: skeletal frames (wood and wire), used to explore archives of excess and mess; plastics, used to speak about the temporality of diaspora; and discarded food containers (SPAM cans and sauce mixes), used to theorize the politics of the brown body. These objects, like the brown subjects that signify them, are testaments to the ongoing plunder of empire and to what empire jettisons around the world.

“Yes, I Use Sunscreen,” and Other Takeaways from a Black Girl at Sleepaway Camp

Summary Have you ever been curious about what it is like to be a speck of pepper in a sea of salt, or the only Black or brown body in a sea of white bodies? Speaking from experience, there are times when your body will experience a sudden shock of recognition or understanding. Things you had not fully grasped before become clear–you feel your differences in your body even before it registers in your mind. My story is about the unique arc of trauma my body experienced at predominately white summer camps simply because it was different from the other bodies. One goal of this piece is to impress upon you, the need to create a sense of belonging for bodies of non-dominate campers. To achieve this, it is critical to seek to understand and gain knowledge about the trauma Black and brown bodies experience because they are different and to create emotionally safe environments for all bodies. Information © CAB International 2024

Morphological characteristic and truss morphometric analysis of amphidromous goby (‘nike') (Teleostei: Gobiiformes) in Bone River, Gorontalo, Indonesia

Abstract. Pasisingi N, Suci D, Panigoro C, Kadim MK. 2024. Morphological characteristic and truss morphometric analysis of amphidromous goby (‘nike') (Teleostei: Gobiiformes) in Bone River, Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 223-231. One of the preferred fish resources in the Gorontalo region is amphidromous goby species, commonly known by local community as nike fish. In rivers, at the adult stage, these fish are morphologically and potentially morphometrically not necessarily distinguishable among species and between sexes. This research aimed to identify the morphological and morphometric truss characters that distinguish the sexual characteristics of goby fishes in the Bone River, Gorontalo. Fish samples were purposefully collected from eight sites along the river, spanning from upstream to downstream, using a backpack electrofishing device. Sampling occurred in March and November 2022, with morphological analysis and measurements conducted on 336 individuals. The morphometric method measured data from 13 points on the sample body, forming 28 combinations of truss distance characters (A1-A3; B1-B12; C1-C10; D1-D3) connecting these points. Morphologically, the samples were identified as three species, namely Sicyopterus longifilis, Belobranchus belobranchus, and Awaous grammepomus. This study revealed distinctions in morphological characters between male and female individuals. In S. longifilis, males exhibited a relatively slimmer body shape compared to the rounded form of females. Male B. belobranchus displayed more striking coloration than females, while male A. grammepomus featured a lighter brown body color than the paler females. All the morphometric truss characters in this study can be reliably used as a sexual distinguishing characteristic in S. longifilis. As for species B. belobranchus, B7 truss cannot be considered a differentiator. In A. grammepomus, thirteen truss characters (B3, B4, B6, B7, B8, B10, B12, C3, C6, C7, C9, C10, D1) cannot be used to differentiate males and females.

Samba and the Brown Body Politic

During the first half of the twentieth century, representing the body was a pivotal means to reimagine national and regional identities at a moment when the legacies of colonial power structures were coming under increasing scrutiny. The body became a vehicle through which artists could envision new, expanded, and intersecting notions of race, gender, class, nation, and region. Through close readings of single images created in eight different countries—Guatemala, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay, Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, and Cuba—this Dialogues contains essays by scholars from South America, Europe, and the United States that reveal the capaciousness for the body to encapsulate local racial, class, and gender dynamics, to illuminate regional and national politics, and to embody divides between socially progressive politics and entrenched conservative social systems and hierarchies. The authors pay careful attention to form, subject, and style to demonstrate the potency of modernist figuration, an international and vibrant visual language, to interrogate issues of race, ethnicity, indigeneity, and gender. Together, the essays point to the critical particularities of iconography, context, and style. In so doing, they reinforce the ability of representation to resonate in multivalent ways and assert the power of the image to stir debate, fix (or challenge) convictions, and raise questions about histories. The authors harness the power and visual variety of realisms and representation in Latin America, revealing the malleability of the modernist body and its efficacy as a carrier of meaning and locus for debates about power, progress, and identity.

When colors mislead: Genomics and bioacoustics prompt re-classification of Asian flycatcher radiation (Aves: Niltavinae)

Traditional classification of many animals, including birds, has been highly dependent on external morphological characters like plumage coloration. However, both bioacoustics and genetic or genomic data have revolutionized our understanding of the relationships of certain lineages and led to sweeping taxonomic re-organizations. In this study, we present a case of erroneous delimitation of genus boundaries in the species-rich flycatcher subfamily Niltavinae. Genera within this subfamily have historically been delineated based on blue versus brown male body plumage until recent studies based on a few mitochondrial and nuclear loci unearthed several cases of generic misclassification. Here we use extensive bioacoustic data from 43 species and genomic data from 28 species for a fundamental reclassification of species in the Niltavinae. Our study reveals that song is an important trait to classify these birds even at the genus level, whereas plumage traits exhibit ample convergence and have led to numerous historic misattributions. Our taxonomic re-organization leads to new biogeographic limits of major genera, such that the genus Cyornis now only extends as far east as the islands of Sulawesi, Sula, and Banggai, whereas Eumyias is redefined to extend far beyond Wallace’s Line to the islands of Seram and Timor. Our conclusions advise against an over-reliance on morphological traits and underscore the importance of integrative datasets.

Carbon control and densification of WC-8%Co fabricated by extrusion-based additive manufacturing under pressureless sintering

In this study, WC-8%Co cemented carbide was fabricated using feedstock with paraffin/polymer binder via extrusion-based additive manufacturing method and post processing. After extracting paraffin by solvent immersion, the atmosphere in furnace for thermal debinding and sintering processing were adjusted to control the carbon content of the final sintered body. The results showed that thermal debinding under industrial hydrogen atmosphere results in the formation of decarbonized phase in the sintered body. Thermal debinding under vacuum and argon atmosphere leads to formation of uncombined carbon. Sintered under hydrogen and vacuum can effectively promote the further decomposition and transformation of residual carbon, while sintered under argon atmosphere leads to aggregation of uncombined carbon. Decarbonized phases have negative impact on the strength of cemented carbides, and excessive uncombined carbon is also detrimental defects that decrease in the strength and hardness of cemented carbides. The shrinking and densification of brown body can be accomplished when sintered at 1340 ℃, the pores were almost completely eliminated and size of print defect reduced. Sintered body show superior mechanical properties. An exorbitant high sintering temperature lead to the growth of WC grains, while excessive grain growth can worsen mechanical properties of the sintered body.

Tadpoles of Papurana milleti (Amphibia: Anura): molecular identification and morphological description

Based on molecular identification, we described the tadpole morphology of Dalat forest frog, Papurana milleti. Twenty tadpole specimens of P. milleti (Gosner stage 25–42) were collected from Di Linh plateau, southern Vietnam. Detailed descriptions of external morphological features, morphometric measurements, color patterns in life and in preservation and ecological notes are provided. Tadpoles of P. milleti are distinguished from those of its congeners by having yellowish brown body, LTRF 2(2)/3(1) and single submarginal papillae from the lateral of row P-1 to under row P-3.

First report of red wax scale, Ceroplastes rubens Maskell (Coccidae: Hemiptera) a new pest in mango (Mangifera indica) from Gujarat, India

A roving survey was carried out on mango (Mangifera indica) field during 2021 at B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat. Infestation of Ceroplastes rubens Maskell, a new pest was recorded on mango (M. indica). It feeds mainly on leaves, but also on twigs and branches by sap depletion and greyish brown discoloration of leaves. The adults have elliptical, dorsally pentagonal reddish brown body that is coated with pink to reddish brown wax. The present study is the first report of C. rubens on mango from Gujarat, India. Keywords: Ceroplastes rubens new pest, Mangifera indica, Gujarat

Descriptions of two new species of the botiid genus Leptobotia Bleeker,1870 (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from South China.

Two new species of Leptobotia are here described as L. rotundilobus from the Xin'an-Jiang of the upper Qiantang-Jiang basin in both Anhui and Zhejiang Provinces and the Cao'e-Jiang in Zhejiang Province, and L. paucipinna from the Qing-Jiang of the middle Chang-Jiang basin in Hubei Province, South China. Both have a plain brown body as found in L. bellacauda Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2016, L. microphthalma Fu & Ye, 1983, L. posterodorsalis Chen & Lan, 1992 and L. tientainensis (Wu, 1930). The two new species are distinct from these species in vertebral counts, further from L. posterodorsalis in vent placement and further from the other three species in pectoral-fin length. Both differ in caudal-fin coloration and shape, and dorsal-fin location and coloration, and also in internal morphology. Their validity is confirmed by their own monophyly recovered in a phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial cyt b and COI genes.

Diet-Induced Thermogenesis Is Lower in Rats Fed a Lard Diet Than in Those Fed a High Oleic Acid Safflower Oil Diet, a Safflower Oil Diet or a Linseed Oil Diet

The objectives of the present study were to examine the effects of dietary fats differing in fatty acid composition on diet-induced thermogenesis, sympathetic activity in brown adipose tissue and body fat accumulation in rats. Rats were meal-fed for 12 wk an isoenergetic diet based on lard, high oleic acid safflower oil, safflower oil or linseed oil, and norepinephrine turnover rates in brown adipose tissue were then estimated. Whole-body oxygen consumption after the meal indicated that diet-induced thermogenesis was significantly lower in rats fed the lard diet than in those fed the other diets. The norepinephrine turnover rate in the interscapular brown adipose tissue was also significantly lower in the lard diet group than in the other diet groups. The carcass fat content was significantly higher in the lard diet group than in the other diet groups, whereas the abdominal adipose tissue weights were the same in all diet groups. These results suggest that the intake of animal fats rich in saturated fatty acids, compared with the intake of vegetable oils rich in monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids, decreases diet-induced thermogenesis by a decline of sympathetic activity in brown adipose tissue, resulting in the promotion of body fat accumulation.

Vamos a caminar: utilizing a Chicana/Latina feminist walking plática methodology to honor the brown body and facultad

Following the tradition of Chicana/Latina feminist nuevas teorias and methodologies, I offer walking pláticas as a qualitative research methodology that honors the brown body and facultad to examine our relationship to the spaces we traverse, live within and mutually shape. Walking pláticas is a reclamation of research methodologies that dismantle the white colonial gaze through a recentering of the brown body as a critical corporeal, political, and geographic site of analysis. In this article, I propose to move beyond the understandings of space as the neutral and apolitical backdrop on which life occurs. The strengths of walking pláticas include the consideration of spatiality as key to exploring how people make sense of, are influenced by, and shape space—a great methodological tool for critical educational researchers seeking to understand the role of geography and the physical and social places and spaces on Communities of Color.

Indian Time: Temporality, Gender, Mobility

Indian Time: Temporality, Gender, Mobility

New Stem Boring Pest of Quinoa in the United States

Abstract Climate change and its impact on agricultural crops is driving the expansion of cropping systems to plants better adapted to rising temperatures, prolonged periods of drought, poor soils, and high salinity. One such crop is quinoa, Chenopodium quinoa Willd (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae), a traditionally Andean grain that has been recently adopted in dry, high-elevation regions of Colorado, Idaho, and Washington. However, in 2021, a stem-boring fly, Amauromyza karli Hendel (Diptera: Agromyzidae), was reported in quinoa grown in Colorado’s San Luis Valley and abruptly halted expansion of this climate-resilient crop. This new agromyzid pest has caused complete yield loss in some instances and contributed to substantial declines in quinoa acreage from 3,000 acres in 2021 to 900 acres in 2022. Distinguishing morphological features of A. karli adults include a yellow head, light yellow halteres, a dark brown body, and a dark brown femur and tibia that are yellow near the tips. Larvae feed within quinoa stems and destroy the pith, which disrupts nutrient transport and causes death or significant declines in yield and quality. Here, we summarize the impact of A. karli on quinoa, and discuss life history and management for other agromyzid species that can inform management of A. karli. Research focused on effective integrated management tactics including use of biological control, host plant resistance, and systemic insecticides is urgently needed to suppress this pest.

Palpoxena hajeki sp. nov., a remarkable new species from Malaysia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)

Palpoxena hajeki sp. nov. from continental Malaysia, characterised by completely reddish brown body and deeply excavated anterior of male head with a pair of large twisted tufts of setae, is described and compared with the similar species. Colour photos of habitus, body details and penis are presented.

Brown Trans Figuration: Rethinking Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Chicanx/Latinx Studies

Brown Trans Figuration: Rethinking Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Chicanx/Latinx Studies

How to Be a Brown Body

How to Be a Brown Body Ina Cariño (bio) erase the marks of your colonizer: pluck guyabano from your mother's tree mash its Spanish flesh into poultice mix it with the stinging ferns of your bastard country. push your fingers into wet soursop smear it pungent over your sneer until your lips crack & blister from the heat— curse a history of invasion. yes your body began dirt-fallen & stained with the red of your forefathers slaughtered villages creatures caught— but your breastbone will not bend its strength under conquistadors. when the milk-skinned ogle animals will rattle in their cages bark at that same operatic cuff the muzzling of your terrible brown mouth. when you look past the bars will they ask for forgiveness? will they bring you a key? you'd like to forget to forgive but once an animal always an animal. so animal you will be you'll embody [End Page 163] snarling mutts. so still your kneequiver trample unabashed on their grammar let loose your tongue against the pretense of curdled words their rampant policing their fascist snub. purge yourself of such ugly. [End Page 164] Ina Cariño Ina Cariño is a 2022 Whiting Award winner with an MFA in creative writing from North Carolina State University. Their poetry appears in the American Poetry Review, Guernica, Poetry Magazine, the Paris Review Daily, New England Review, and elsewhere. A Kundiman Fellow, Ina was selected as one of four winners of the 2021 92Y Discovery Poetry Contest. In 2019, Ina founded a reading series, Indigena Collective, centering marginalized creatives in the community. Copyright © 2022-2023 Pleiades and Pleiades Press