Bronze Medal Research Articles

Notiz über eine Kantplakette von 1924

Abstract In 1924 the artist Luise Staudinger issued a bronze medal featuring a portrait of Kant on one side and a famous passage from Kant on the other: “Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and reverence […]: the starry heavens above me and the moral law within me.” To this Staudinger added an illustration of a naked young man kneeling with outstretched arms, described by the artist as a man in prayer. Yet this does not seem to fit the meaning of Kant’s words. This paper shows that Luise Staudinger was implicitly referring to her father, Franz Staudinger. In his writings, Staudinger taught that he who truly lives up to the moral law always does what he ought to do out of his own free will and with devotion. It is in fact devotion (Hingabe) that is the key to Luise Staudinger’s illustration. The young man is not in prayer; instead, the figure symbolizes a state of mind, namely obedience to the moral law out of devotion to it.

Analysis of successful and unsuccessful snatch and clean and jerk lifts in IWF World Championships (2011–2023)

In this research, male and female athletes who won gold, silverand bronze medals at the International Weightlifting Federation Senior World Championship (between 2011 and 2023); (a) analysis of successful and unsuccessful lifts in snatch and clean and jerk techniques, (b) analysis of successful and unsuccessful lifts in 3 lift attempts in both techniques and, (c) It is aimed to investigate the lifting attempts of athletes that determine their medal rankings in snatch, clean and jerk and total. In this retrospective study, data of 3144 (1603 and 1541 for male and female, respectively) individual results obtained from the lifting performances of 528 athletes (male n = 270; female n = 258) participating in the Senior World Championship (between 2011 and 2023) in snatch and clean and jerk were analyzed. In the study, the frequencies and rates of the individuals included in the study according to different variables are presented with descriptive statistics. Various Chi-square analyzes were conducted to determine differences in distribution rates between groups. The significance level in the analyzes was determined as p < .05. It was determined that the successful lifts ratios of the athletes who achieved gold, bronze, silver medals in the light weight, middle weight and heavy weight categories of the male and female groups were higher than the unsuccessful lifts ratios in both lifting techniques (excluding silver medals in clean and jerk in lightweight for men; except bronze medals in snatch in lightweight for women). It was observed that the percentage rates in the unsuccessful lifts of athletes who achieved gold medals in both snatch and clean and jerk of the male and female groups were lower than the percentage rates in the unsuccessful lifts of athletes who took part in silver and bronze medals. It was observed that there was no significant difference between the distribution rates of successful and unsuccessful lifts distribution rates according to gender in both snatch and clean and jerk of both genders. It was observed that the successful lifts rates in both the snatch and clean and jerk of the male and female groups decreased from the 1st attempt to the 3rd attempt, and the lifting rates in the unsuccessful lifts increased. It has been observed that the lift attempts that determine the medal rankings of the groups in snatch, clean and jerk and total are the 2nd attempt and 3rd attempt. The findings can provide a comprehensive perspective on the in-competition factors that contribute to World Championship success in order to directly inform coach and athlete strategies. These findings may also be valid for national or regional champions and may include other strength-based sports with a similar structure.

V. S. Kozlov and his Tsifrar-diagrammometer

In the late 19th century a military statistician and a pioneers of the Russian cooperative movement, Viktor Semyonovich Kozlov (1842–1920), designed and built a unique mechanical analog computing device he named “tsifrar-diagrammometer”. It was intended for operational visual presentation of numerical results of observations, calculations, experiments, etc. (tsifrar) and for calculating their statistical characteristics (diagrammometer). At the 1889 Paris Exposition this device that represented Russia was awarded the bronze medal. Drawing on the archival records and the materials from the Russian and European periodicals, the history of the inventor’s work on this device is reconstructed for the first time and some facts from his biography are described. The authors also attempt to describe the design of the device and analyze the mechanism of its functioning. Since no sources contain a detailed description of the design with the diagrams, charts, etc. or the mechanism of its functioning while available information is often contradictory, the authors present their own version of the device’s description and operation. The tsifrar-diagrammometer aroused much interest among the most prominent Russian and French scientists of the time, including P. L. Chebyshev, D. I. Mendeleev, E. Lucas, and many others. They viewed Kozlov’s device as a forerunner of a future universal instrument for numerical data analysis and for discovering new laws of nature. The appraisals of the device by the contemporaries are also given and analyzed in the article.

Development of a 3X3 Basketball Training Program Based on the Game Analysis

Background and Aim: The classic game of five-a-side basketball, which was first introduced as an official competition at the 32nd Olympic Games, gave rise to the new sport of 3x3 basketball. At the 32nd Olympic Games, China's women's 3x3 basketball team made history by winning the bronze medal and demonstrating exceptional competitiveness. The world's top teams still differ from one another, though. In addition, 3x3 basketball will become more well-known and appreciated in China. As much as we should celebrate the outcome, we also need to get ready for the Chinese team's next matchup against the best teams in the world. This article's primary research objective is to develop a three-woman basketball training regimen based on the analysis's findings. The research objectives are: 1) To study the results of the analysis of techniques, tactics, and quality of three women's basketball teams. of China in the 32nd Olympic Games. 2) To create a basketball training design based on the analysis results.3) To find the effectiveness of a 3-players basketball training plan created from the results of the game analysis Materials and Methods: This study adopts literature research, investigation, data analysis, logic analysis, and experiment methods. The sample included Chinese basketball players and 32 athletes from seven countries, including Romania, Russia, Italy, Japan, the United States, Mongolia, and France. In the experiment, 15 women's basketball athletes from Zhaoqing College were randomly selected for targeted training, and comprehensive tests were carried out before and after training to evaluate the effectiveness of the training plan. Result: The research results found that 1) Obtain a 3-person basketball training exercise from the game analysis results. 2) Obtain an effective 3-person basketball practice according to the set criteria of 80/80 with an efficiency of 85.75/95.75. It shows that this training plan is very effective for improving the performance of athletes. Conclusion: The 3X3 basketball training method based on the analysis of the game data is very effective for improving the level and performance of the athletes.

International Chemistry Olympiad 2024

At the International Chemistry Olympiad 2024 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, four outstanding students from Switzerland were awarded with one bronze medal and three honourable mentions. This report highlights the preparation of the Swiss delegation and some excerpts from the international competition. The International Chemistry Olympiad 2025 will take place in the United Arab Emirates. The registration for the corresponding national selection process closes at the end of September.

Biseasonal Changes in Aerobic Capacity and Sports Performance in Highly Trained Mountain Bike Cyclists Applying Elements of the Polarized Training Programme

Abstract Introduction. This study assessed maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), power output and sports performance in mountain bike cyclists applying elements of the polarized training programme (POL) Material and Methods. Seven cyclists participated in the study. Immediately before the 2-year experiment (T1), and five times during the experiment (T2, T3, T4, T5, T6), incremental and verification tests were performed to assess VO2max, peak aerobic power (Ppeak) and power at the second ventilatory threshold (PVT2). During the experiment, sports performance in mountain bike cyclists at National Championships, European Championships, World Championships, and World Cup were analyzed. The cyclists performed POL for seven months in each year of the experiment. POL included sprint interval training, high-intensity interval training, and low-intensity endurance training. Results. In the group of cyclists VO2max [l∙min−1] increased in T6 (4.14 ± 1.13) compared to T1 (3.74 ± 0.95), Ppeak [W] increased in T4, T5 and T6 (353 ± 78.45; 350.14 ± 87.96; 360.23 ± 93.83; respectively) compared to T1 (324.14 ± 90.24), and PVT2 [W] increased in T3, T4, T5 and T6 (265.57 ± 80.66; 267.29 ± 63.74; 266.43 ± 69.29; 276.71 ± 78.99; respectively) compared to T1 (229.29 ± 62.91). Cyclists’ sports performance improved during the experiment, and one of them won bronze medal at the World Championships. Conclusions. During the biseasonal experiment using elements of the polarized training programme, improvements in VO2max, Ppeak and PVT2 were observed in cyclists, which was accompanied by better sports performance in cycling races.

THE INFLUENCE OF CHANGES IN COMPETITION RULES ON TACTICS OF WEIGHT CATEGORY CHOICE IN WRESTLING

The article presents the types and specifics of tactics of the weight category choice in women’s, freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling. In modern scientific papers participation tactics of athletes in the competition system is covered fragmentally. Moreover, tactics of weight category choice is not described at all. We analyzed the dynamics of performances and results of 72 elite wrestlers who won gold, silver and bronze medals at the Games of XXXI Olympiad 2016 in Rio de Janeiro in different weight categories (four athletes in each one). In general, we compared the results of 24 women, 24 freestyle and 24 Greco-Roman wrestlers. There were discovered eight types of tactics which athletes used during four seasons in 2013–2016 Olympic cycle. Some types provided performances only in one Olympic weight category, while others were connected with participation in tournaments in two or even three weight categories during the same season. In all cases elite wrestlers used one weight category (mainly an Olympic one) as prior, while one or two weight categories were considered as additional. We established that the choice of the particular weight category depended on the specifics of the Olympic qualification system-2016, the prospects of obtaining the Olympic quota place in the International Qualification Tournaments and the results demonstrated at official international events in various weight categories. It was also discovered that in 2013 and 2016 the most popular was a tactics that involved performances in one prior Olympic weight category (70.83% of wrestlers used it). In 2014 and 2015 some athletes (1.39–11.11%) performed in the prior weight category and used one or two of them as additional. The largest number of tactics was used by representatives of women’s and freestyle wrestling as the upper limits of weight categories were changed more than in Greco-Roman wrestling.

“Now she has everything, a happy family story and an Olympic medal”: Representations of Gloria Kotnik in the Slovenian media landscape

Over the last four decades, feminist sports media research has developed into an established transdisciplinary branch of research that contributes to highlighting the contradictions and unevenness of social change at the level of women's sports and its positioning in society. In this context, the increasing media visibility of athlete mothers as an expression of an emerging social phenomenon provides an opportunity to examine and reflect on the patterns of media portrayal of sportswomen. This article focuses on the media representations of Gloria Kotnik, the Slovenian snowboarder and bronze medalist at the 2022 Winter Olympics. Through textual analysis, it attempts to identify how Kotnik was portrayed in selected Slovenian media and what role her motherhood, in particular, played in this. While ambivalence was identified as a predominant pattern in the media representations of Kotnik, the role of motherhood was presented both as something seemingly incompatible with the role of an elite athlete and in a way that perceived these two roles as compatible. Due to the reproduction of traditional gender ideologies and hierarchies, the article problematizes both patterns and concludes by linking the desire for social change with the need to redefine the ethics of care.

Uncertain Blackness: The Mysterious Case of Joseph Stadler

Abstract Historians have identified George Coleman Poage as the first African American Olympian. Poage won two bronze medals in the hurdles at the 1904 St. Louis Olympics. In that same year, the name of another potential Black Olympian, Joseph Stadler, appeared briefly in a few newspaper stories previewing the games. Stadler clearly competed in St. Louis, winning a silver medal and bronze medal in the now-archaic forms of standing jumps. Whether he should join Poage on the roster of pioneering African American Olympians, however, remains a mystery among Olympic researchers—as does his racial identity. Analyzing the historical record regarding these claims and employing new information from census data and other public records reveals that Stadler was most likely white. His “misidentification,” however, reveals more than just a trivial episode about an inaccurate reading of racial identity from limited sources. The long history of narratives about Joseph Stadler's identity reveals important patterns about the social construction of race, illuminates the complexities of more than a century of seeking to depict the Olympics as a fulcrum of racial progress in American culture, and showcases the dangers of attempting to read “race” from historic photographs.

Going for Gold: New Zealand houses in the 60s through the veil of the NZIA Bronze Medals

Going for Gold: New Zealand houses in the 60s through the veil of the NZIA Bronze Medals

Competitive effectiveness of Kazakhstani athletes specializing in Greco-Roman wrestling in the international sports arena

Despite the great popularity of Greco-Roman style wrestling and the success of Kazakhstan athletes in the international sports arena, there is no in-depth analysis of the competitive performance of our athletes at major sports competitions in the literature available to us. The purpose of the study was to analyze the performances of Kazakhstan Greco-Roman wrestlers at major international competitions. Such research methods as analysis of literary sources, analysis of protocols of performances of Kazakhstan athletes at international competitions, analysis of profiles of Kazakhstan athletes in the International Wrestling Database were used. Analyzing the performances of Kazakhstan Greco-Roman wrestlers at such major international competitions as the World Cup and the Olympic Games, we can conclude that their competitive performance has decreased. In recent years, the share of gold medals in the medal standings of the national team has decreased and the share of bronze medals has increased. Kazakhstan Greco-Roman wrestlers are one of the regular participants of major international sports competitions. During the entire period of participation, Kazakhstan athletes at international competitions have won 12 medals of the European Championship, 43 medals of the World Championship and 16 medals of the Olympic Games. However, in recent years there has been a decrease in the competitive effectiveness of our athletes at major international competitions, including the Olympic Games.

National athletics team of Ukraine at the European Team Championship within the framework of the European Games

The article presents the results of the analysis of the performance of the national team of Ukraine at the 2023 European Team Athletics Championships within all three divisions, within the framework of the European Games. The team championship within the 1st division (former Super League) at the same time had the status of athletics competitions at the 2023 European Games. The format of the European Team Championship involves the competition of national teams in four groups - the Super League, the first, second and third leagues. The number of national teams in each league was 16 teams. At the end of the competition, the team of Ukraine took 2nd place, the team of Hungary took the first place, the team of Lithuania rose to the third place. In total, at the European Team Championships, athletes won 8 gold, 3 silver, 3 bronze medals.&#x0D; This year's national team at the 2023 European Team Championship revealed new names to fans, and decently entered the 1st division. Ukrainian athletes finished their performance at the European Games with dignity and won 41 medals (21 gold, 12 silver and 8 bronze). Every sports victory today is a great support for the whole country in modern conditions. The study of the dynamics of the results of the national team of Ukraine at the European Championship showed a very positive result. Improving the performance of the athletics team testifies to the improvement of the methodology of preparing the team for competitions under martial law, this start was aimed at achieving maximum results. Every sporting victory today is a great support for the whole country.

Sports gymnastics of the Kirovohrad region at the Olympic arena

Gymnastics is one of the leading Olympic sports. One of the most developed sports in the Kirovohrad region. It has great traditions and notable successes on the international arena, including the Olympic one. Achieving high sports results at the Olympics is quite prestigious. The development of the issue related to the analysis of the achievements of athletes and gymnastics coaches of Kirovohrad Oblast in the Olympic arena is quite interesting and, in our opinion, relevant. The research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the sports achievements of athletes and coaches - representatives of gymnastics from the Kirovohrad Region at the modern Olympic Games. A complex of methods was used: analysis and generalization of special literature, documentary and informational sources and Internet materials. The literary sources of domestic and foreign specialists are analyzed. Identified gymnastic specialists of the Kirovohrad region who took part in the Olympic training system and participants of the Olympic Games: 6 athletes, 13 coaches. G. Misyutin is the most successful Olympic athlete of Kirovohrad region, who won a full set of Olympic medals. In the Olympic treasury of sports gymnastics of the Kirovohrad region: 1 gold, 5 silver and 1 bronze medals. Categories of trainers participating in the Olympic training system: personal trainers - S. Kutsenko, O. Sirenko, N. Timofeeva, O. Yarovinskyi, O. Mashchenko, S. Skrypchuk; national team coaches - E. Yashchuk, T. Radchenko, O. Yarovinskyi, N. Panteleeva (Berehova); trainers for types of training - T. Radchenko, O. Andriychuk; the first coaches - I. Bakarzhiev, V. Furlet, O. Mashchenko, O. Dudnyk. Research and promotion of the achievements of athletes and coaches is of great importance for the education of new outstanding Olympic gymnasts and coaches, the spread of Olympic ideals, and the determination of the effectiveness of the educational and training activities of gymnastics departments in sports institutions of the region.

Predicting performance of elite kickboxers using the multi‐states theory framework

AbstractUsing the multi‐states (MuSt) theory framework, this study examined the interplay between self‐confidence, emotional arousal control, worry, concentration disruption, challenge and threat appraisals, psychobiosocial experiences, and self‐evaluated performance of medalist kickboxers involved in the WAKO World Kickboxing Championship 2021. Participants were 103 gold, silver, or bronze medalists (58 women and 45 men), aged 18–39 (M = 25.16 ± 4.54 years), who were contacted via email and social media and asked to fill an online survey 3 months after the event. According to the MuSt theory predictions, self‐confidence and emotional arousal control were positively related to challenge appraisal, functional psychobiosocial experiences, and self‐evaluated performance. Worry and concentration disruption were positively associated with threat appraisal, and negatively related to functional psychobiosocial experiences; concentration disruption was also negatively related to self‐evaluated performance. Results from path analysis revealed a positive indirect link from self‐confidence to self‐evaluated performance via challenge appraisal and psychobiosocial experiences. Negative indirect links from worry and concentration disruption to self‐evaluated performance through threat appraisal and psychobiosocial experiences were significant. A positive indirect effect from emotional arousal control to self‐evaluated performance via psychobiosocial experiences was also shown. The findings are discussed in light of the MuSt theory.

The Invention of Tribology: Peter Jost’s Contribution

Peter Jost is known to the international tribology community as the father of the subject—‘the man who made the world spin a little easier’. He was the author of the eponymous ‘Jost Report’, the report of the Working Group set up in 1964 to investigate the state of lubrication education and research in the UK. Over the following five decades, up to his death in 2016, he was tireless in extolling the importance of tribology to manufacturing efficiency, energy conversion and environmental sustainability. He was instrumental in establishing the International Tribology Council and its prestigious gold, silver and bronze medals. Jost was himself the recipient of numerous national and international awards. In 1976, he was the President of the Institution of Production Engineers, and in 2013, he received the Sustained Achievement Award from the Royal Academy of Engineering. What is less well known is the story behind the Jost report—what was it that led the recently elected Labour government and its newly established Ministry of Technology to investigate lubrication and to choose Jost to lead the investigating panel? The story illustrates the combination of serendipity and determination on which success can so often depend.

How Do Intracompetition Strategies Differ Between Para Powerlifting Podium and Nonpodium Athletes? A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Beaumont, P, Garrett, J, and van den Hoek, D. How do intracompetition strategies differ between para powerlifting podium and nonpodium athletes? A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(3): 584-591, 2024-This study aimed to investigate the intracompetition strategies used by para powerlifters and quantify and report them for application by coaches and athletes to improve their odds of competitive success. A cross-sectional retrospective analysis was conducted using a public powerlifting database. Primary analysis categorized athletes as either podium (POD) or nonpodium (NPOD), and a subanalysis classified athletes as either gold medalists (GMs) or silver and bronze medalists (SBMs). Analyses of variance were used to assess the significance of the difference between groups. Pearson's correlations were used to evaluate the magnitude of the relationships and binary logistic regressions were used to quantify the variables. Results are reported as odds ratios, and an alpha level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. There was a significant difference in mean age (POD = 1.6 years younger; p < 0.001), body mass (POD = 2.7 kg heavier; p = 0.006), and best lift (POD = 19.5 kg greater; p < 0.001) for female POD athletes compared with NPOD athletes. For male POD athletes compared with NPOD athletes, there was a difference in mean age (POD = 0.6 years younger; p = 0.035) and best lift (POD = 28.4 kg greater; p < 0.001). Comparing GMs with SBMs showed a significant difference in the mean best lift in both men (GM = 17.4 kg greater; p < 0.001) and women (GM = 11.1 kg greater; p < 0.001). A positive relationship was seen in both the primary and subanalysis between the number of successful lifts (of 3) and an increase in the odds of competitive success (i.e., winning). The findings of this research indicate that high-performing para powerlifters tend to choose attempt weights that prioritize the successful completion of all 3 intracompetition lifts to win a competition.

Palestine at the International Olympiad in Informatics: Advancing Computational Thinking Among K-12 Students

The Palestinian Olympiad in Informatics has been a significant endeavour since its inception in 2017. It has steadily grown, with programming clubs established in all schools to foster student interest and skill development. The milestone of winning the first bronze medal in 2022 marked a notable achievement in our journey. This report provides an overview of Palestine’s participation in the International Olympiad in Informatics, outlining our objectives, preparation efforts, performance, and the profound impact of our involvement on the local and international levels, sparking increased interest in computer science across Palestine and fostering international collaboration and innovation in informatics.

Petanque Aceh Athletes Achievement From 2015 to 2020

Abstract Petanque is a new sport that originated in France. This game is played using an iron ball whose goal is to get the iron ball as close to the wooden ball as possible. Petanque has two basic techniques, namely shooting and pointing. Shooting is throwing the bored ball as precisely as possible on the target. Pointing is throwing a blank ball as close to a wooden ball as possible. The purpose of this study was to determine the achievements of Petanque Aceh athletes from 2015 to 2020. This study used a qualitative approach using descriptive historical methods. The subjects in this study totaled 18 people consisting of the head of the Aceh FOPI Pengprov, Aceh Petanque trainers, Petanque Sports observers and Aceh Petanque athletes. Data collection techniques in this study were used by means of interviews and data documentation. The data analysis technique in this study used a qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the research results, it is known that the achievements of the Aceh Petanque Team have developed very well so that they are able to obtain achievements from year to year, from 2017 to 2020 the Aceh Petanque Team has participated in 16 National championships and 3 International championships, of the championships the Petanque team has participated in Aceh has collected a total of 57 medals, which are divided into 22 gold medals, 14 silver medals and 21 bronze medals. From these results it can be concluded that the achievements of the Petanque Aceh sport have developed very well so that they are able to carve out glorious achievements from year to year.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Achivement, Petanque, Athlete&#x0D; &#x0D;

Parameters of the formation of swimming skills among young people of different ages and genders among prize-winning swimmers at the XXXI World Universidad in Chengdu-2023, China

Relevance and purpose: the International University Sports Federation - FISU, almost always includes swimming in its program for holding the Summer World Universidad’s, which has received the title of the World Championship of University Games since 1959. Swimming has already been represented at the 1st Universidad since 1959, and almost 31 competitions have been held to date. The purpose of the gender is to determine the difference in the indicators of the formation of swimming motor skills among young people of different ages and genders at the XXXI World Swimming Universidad in Chengdu-2023. Material: The results of the prize-finalists were summarized and analyzed at the stage of their holding in 2023, after a forced break from 2019 due to the pandemic: among 100 men and 99 women, respectively, who became prize- winners of these prestigious worldwide competitions under the current Universidad program.&#x0D; Results: As the results of our research showed, the absolute leaders (top ten) of student swimming at the XXXI World Universidad in Chengdu-2023 in China were: Italy-30 medals (19 men+11 women), China-20 (6+14), Japan-17 (11+6), Poland-15 (8+7), South Africa: South Africa-7 (7 women), USA-7 (2+5), Brazil-7 (6+1), Lithuania- 6 (3+3), Hungary-4 (4 women), Portugal-3 (1+2). According to the results of receiving prize medals, the following ten were included in the second ten: Germany-2 (2 people), Taiwan-2 (2 people), Romania-2 (2 people), Cyprus-2 (2 women), Kazakhstan-1 ( men), South Korea-1 (1 man), France-1 (1 woman), among men the leaders of the competition were: Italy-19 medals, Japan-11, Poland-8, China-6, Brazil-6 medals , and among women: China-14 medals, Italy-11, Poland-7, South Africa-7, Japan-6, USA-5 medals. So, athletes were awarded: 42 gold, 44 silver and 43 bronze medals, and a total of 127 medals were awarded to swimmers of 17 countries from different continents of the world.&#x0D; The dynamics of the formation of swimming motor skills according to the possibilities of overcoming distances in different ways, depending on the similar gender difference in age, were clarified (men, x±m=22.59±0.82; women, x±m = 22.54±1.13 ; t=0.44; р&gt;0.05) of the prize-winning participants of the final starts at the 2023 World Swimming Universidad: the total reliable difference in the average speed of men and women at all swimming distances is more than - 0.18 m/s (men ., x±m=1.84±0.15; women, x±m=1.66±0.13; t=2.349; p&lt;0.05).

Reflections of The Evolution of The Pole Used in Pole Vaulting on The Olympic Games Podium

Pole vault is one of the disciplines in athletism. The material used in manufacturing of pole has been changing from time to time. Material of traininand competition in sports is one of the factors that determine performance. In this study, it is aimed to investigate reflection of pole evolution to olimpic marks on pole vault. The data of this study consist of highest jumping heihts and average values of these marks for gold, silver and bronze medals in pole vault branch of Olimpic Games (n=28) for the games between 1896-2016. The data are obtained from WA official internet site. It was seen at the end of study that allowing the develop maretial technology in poles resulted in obtaining higher performance in pole vault branch.