Bronze Age House Research Articles

靑銅器時代 柱穴 考察

I supposed the timber was used through observation and review of column holes found in Bronze Age dwellings. An experimental archaeological method was tried to verify this.For all ages and countries, the timbers used in prehistoric architecture are mostly tall trees, shrubs and bamboo. Poaceae is also widely used. There are differences in logging according to the characteristics of the timber. A tall tree is felled in a ‘V’ shape, and abamboo is cut in a ‘凵’ shape. I have set up the hypothesis that depending on the building material’s logged form, the posthole would likely be confirmed in the same format. Bronze Age houses are divided into early square houses and circular ones. As a result of the examination, it was confirmed that the square type dwelling was a "V" type posthole, and the circular type dwelling was a " " type posthole. Therefore, I set up the possibility that the square system used tall trees as pillars and the circular system used them. In addition, the Bronze Age’s settlements are moved to hills in the former part and alluvial lands due to the spread of rice cultivation in the latter part. The alluvial land, which was lowland compared to hills, was easy for farming. However, the area is vulnerable to natural disasters such as floods. Therefore, the housing form and building materials would have had to change in conjunction with this. In other words, rather than saving trees from hills far from alluvial plains, it is more likely that bamboo, distributed closer to where they live, was used as a building material. As described above, the differences in the timber used as a building material were examined by examining postholes. I also briefly mentioned the changing factors about form of housing in the Bronze Age.

Deposition analysis and the hidden life of Bronze Age houses

This paper deals with the application of deposition analysis to an unusual type of features in the Late Bronze Age settlements in Central Europe. These are long narrow trenches (referred to as ‘long pits’ in this text) with characteristic standard form and alignment, as well as find contents, including high amounts of secondary-burned pottery fragments. In the context of prehistoric research, these features represent a relatively new phenomenon that has attracted attention in the last two decades due to new excavations in Bohemia and Bavaria. Based on the finds from Březnice (Czechia), the authors conclude that the long pits were connected with the closing rituals following the abandonment and burial of dwellings. Although no houses were directly documented on this site, their presence must be assumed, and their cultural biography can be reconstructed from the depositional characteristics of the accompanying finds. In order to fully understand the processes of deposition, the authors find it useful to focus not only on human agency but also on the relationships between the things themselves. This way, houses are understood as the central element of a hybrid actor-network. Their role may have been strengthened by their ontological status of living beings.

Everyday Life at Bjerre Site 7, a Late Bronze Age House in Thy, Denmark

Bjerre 7 is a modest Late Bronze Age house in Thy, Denmark. Excellent preservation and full-recovery techniques provided comprehensive evidence of farm self-sufficiency, local exchange, and amber collection for trade. Spatial analyses of ceramics, lithics, plant macrofossils, and amber identified distinctive activity areas at both ends of the house and outside. Routines are discussed for refuse disposal, ceramic use in everyday activities, ad hoc knapping and use of flint tools, plant processing, and amber storage. The household was economically generalized and largely self-sufficient, with limited specialization. Located close to the North Sea, the householders collected raw amber for trade. Metal was obtained from outside for a small-scale, household industry. Although some division of labour is likely, it seems that the whole household engaged in the diverse activities identified on site.

Deposition Analysis and the Hidden Life of Bronze Age Houses

Deposition Analysis and the Hidden Life of Bronze Age Houses

Shifting Patterns of House Structures during the Neolithic-Bronze Age in the Yellow River Basin: An Environmental Perspective

The emergence of houses is a social revolution around the world. Over the past several decades, Chinese archaeologists have excavated many Neolithic to Bronze Age houses, but there is still a great amount of uncertainty about the social and environmental factors driving the differences between these house structures in the Yellow River Basin. In this paper, we summarize data from excavation reports on the shape and size of Neolithic-Bronze Age houses in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, respectively, to identify some social and environmental factors that may have affected the development of house structures across northern China. Our results show that the shape and size of the houses developed at a different pace, but in general followed a similar developmental sequence: (1) 10–8 ka BP, the bud of settlements emerged in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River; (2) 8–7 ka BP, people started to construct small pithouses without walls; (3) 7–6 ka BP, people made medium-sized pithouses with low walls, and surface buildings were made with a wood skeleton and mud walls; (4) 6–5 ka BP, ultra-large houses emerged; (5) 5–4 ka BP, house form became more varied, including pithouses, cave dwellings and surface buildings with a wood skeleton mud wall, rammed earth wall, piled mud-grass mixed walls and adobe walls; and (6) 4–3 ka BP, original palaces emerged. Our analyses indicate that the environment played an essential role in determining the house changes over time and that the early to middle Holocene’s warm and humid climate provided excellent conditions for the emergence of settlements throughout the region. Due to the shortage of trees, people chose to change their house construction methods to accommodate the growing lumber shortage. In conclusion, the rapid shift in house construction methods reflects the changing ecological condition as well as a feedback cycle between the environment and social practices driven by resource limitations.

Bronze Age and Early Iron Age house and settlement development at Forsandmoen, south-western Norway - Tables and Figures

Table 5, Table 23, Table 35, Table 36, Table 37, Table 38, Table 41, Table 42, Table 45 and Fig. 4.

Development of a Middle Bronze Age (1900\u20131500\xa0cal\xa0BC) house at the site of Sz\xe1zhalombatta-F\xf6ldv\xe1r, Hungary: detecting choice of materials by the means of archaeological thin section soil micromorphology and phytolith analysis

Százhalombatta-Földvár Bronze Age tell settlement is one of the most extensively studied sites of Hungary. Interdisciplinary approach is one of the key factors in understanding the past here. Therefore, a range of natural scientific methods are applied, including thin section soil micromorphology and phytolith analysis. The high resolution of these techniques is used to add details that are impossible via traditional archaeological means. In this paper, we aim to look at decision-making in choices of construction materials. A Middle Bronze Age house (ID 3147), belonging to the so-called Vatya Culture, was sampled to investigate the used materials, the building techniques and space use. Earthen floors, clay floor, wall and hearth material are under the microscope for a better understanding of Bronze Age construction and everyday life. Micro fragments are traced to investigate space use and activities inside the house. It is also our intention to further test the conjoint application of the abovementioned methods to add data and encourage work between the experts of the two fields as there is only a handful of such studies available.

Kızılırmak Kavsinin Güneyinde Yeni Bir Ölü Gömme Geleneği: Kültepe İnler Dağı Extramural Mezarlığı

Kültepe'de 70 yıldır sürdürülen kazılar Anadolu'nun Erken Tunç Çağı'ndaki kültür ve ticareti hakkında büyük ölçüde hayati bilgiler sunarsa da, özellikle Erken Tunç Çağı'nın ölü gömme gelenekleri hakkında çok az bilgi elde edilmiştir. Erken Tunç Çağı evlerinin tabanları altında basit toprak mezarların yanısıra hem taş sanduka hem de küp mezarlar kaydedilmiştir. Buna karşın, civarda herhangi bir yerleşim dışı mezarlık tespit edilememiştir. Esasen, önceleri Kültepe'nin içinde bulunduğu Kızılırmak yayının güneyindeki alanda yerleşim dışında ölü gömme geleneğinin olmadığı farzedilmekteydi. 2014 yılında, Kültepe'nin 2 km güneydoğusundaki İnler Dağı civarında kaçak kazılar tespit edildi. İnler Dağı sırtlarındaki 100 metrelik bir alanda yüzeye saçılmış kap parçalarından ve kaçak kazı çukurlarından, burada çok sayıda küp mezarın kazıldığı ve yağmalandığı anlaşıldı. Bakanlıktan alınan izinler sonrasında 2014 Kasım ayında hemen kazılara başlanmış ve bu kazılar 3 sezon boyunca sürdürülmüştür. 2014-2016 yılları arasında sürdürülen kazılarda çoğu tahrip edilmiş veya aşınmış toplam 67 mezar kazılmıştır. İnler Dağı Mezarlığı'nın keşfi, yerleşim alanı dışındaki gömü ve ölü gömme geleneklerinin incelenmesi için çığır açıcıdır. İlk inceleme sırasında görüldüğü gibi, mezarlık muhtemelen İnler Dağı ile sınırlı değildir. Yaklaşık 500 metre batıda, kaçak kazı izleri ve mezar küpü parçaları bulundu ki bunlar da çok daha geniş bir alanı kapsayan bir mezarlığa işaret etmektedir.

Methods for developing 3D visualizations of archaeological data: a case study of the early bronze age Helike Corridor House

ABSTRACTThe Digital Helike Project aims at the digitization of archaeological data from the Helike Project, Achaia, Greece. This paper advances understanding of Early Bronze Age house building techniques with focus on corridor houses. The Helike Corridor House is a fine example of an architectural style of the Early Helladic period EH II/Early EH III on the Greek mainland and it is used here as a case study. A methodology for 3D reconstruction is described supporting both structural integrity simulations and advanced visualization studies. The paper focuses on three aspects: firstly, it highlights technological innovations in the Bronze Age period by drawing attention to structural integrity studies recently carried out by the research team; secondly, it describes a methodology for building fully geo-referenced 3D models supporting structural integrity studies and visualization on GIS-Geographic Information Systems; and thirdly, it leads to the universal access of data and visualization over the Internet through the selection of appropriate open source, open standards and freely available tools and applications. The methodologies proposed here deepen insights on archaeological data enabling new inferences and knowledge to be gained through the implementation of universally shared low cost applications.

Zum Alltagsleben der Ada Tepe Goldproduzenten im 15. Jh. v. Chr. Das Fundensemble aus Haus 7 in funktionaler und kontextueller Analyse

This study represents the first publication of a complete find assemblage from a Late Bronze Age house at Ada Tepe. The inventory of House 7 offers a preliminary insight into the everyday life of the Ada Tepe gold-mining society in the 15th century BC. Detailed study of the pottery shapes and fabrics shows that there was a homogeneous spectrum of nearly standardised types and wares. Their functional and contextual evaluation demonstrates that House 7 was used principally for storage and to a lesser degree for consumption. The shapes that clearly dominate the material, amphorae and narrow-mouthed jars, seem to have been used mainly for the storage of food and liquids. The less common table ware, belonging to a set of shallow bowls, deep bowls, cups or beakers and kantharoi, probably relates directly to the consumption of food and drink inside the storage building, in which various household activities are also attested, such as grinding, cutting and sawing. On the basis of these analyses, House 7 can be interpreted as a separate space for storage and craftwork which allows us to assume that the gold miners organised their supply and storage systems. This assessment of the pottery assemblage in a regional and supra-regional setting indicates a society that was principally embedded in the local culture of the Rhodope mountains, but has recognisable links to the regions of central and north Bulgaria and also, to the south, with the north Aegean.

Et monumentalt midtsulehus ved Nørre Holsted i Sydjylland

Et monumentalt midtsulehus ved Nørre Holsted i Sydjylland

Distribution of artifacts and ecofacts in an Early Bronze Age house in Eastern Anatolia: Space use and household economy at Arslantepe VI B2 (2900–2750 BCE)

Arslantepe, one of the best documented mounds in Eastern Anatolia, is well known especially for its Late Chalcolithic ‘palace’, testifying to the emergence of a centralized and redistributive economy, typical in the 4th millennium BCE Uruk and Uruk-related worlds. At the beginning of the Early Bronze Age this socio-economic system undergoes a collapse, and the degree of control of the economy on behalf of the ‘elites’ seems to be, here and in other sites, significantly lower or even non-existent. This topic (in need of further investigation) may be enriched by studies focusing on the household level and aimed at assessing the role of household economy. By applying a multidisciplinary approach, this research combines zoological, botanical and artifactual evidence from a multi-roomed mud-brick dwelling in the Early Bronze Age settlement of Arslantepe — VI B2 (2900–2750 BCE), which was destroyed by a fire and suddenly abandoned: an event entailing the retrieval of a very rich assemblage of in situ ecofacts and artifacts. In this paper we present in detail the carpological, anthracological and archaeozoological finds and – after describing the architectural layout of the house under examination – we assess the morpho-functional characteristics of both ceramics and lithics (the latter determined through use-wear analysis) and examine the spatial and stratigraphic patterning of all the materials: although partly biased by taphonomic modifications, the sub-assemblages of the different indoor and outdoor spaces of the examined dwelling reflect the functional characteristics of each area. Additionally, we combine our results with preliminary data from other parts of the extensively excavated village of period VI B2, pointing out the prominent role of household economy in this phase.

The molecules of meals: new insight into Neolithic foodways

The molecules of meals: new insight into Neolithic foodways

The Development of Social Structure and Subsistence Strategy in Prehistoric Korea

Many studies on subsistence strategies in prehistoric age have been presented, which explained neolithic age fishing and bronze age agricultures with accompanying pottery styles and tool industries. But they need more detailed analysis of artefacts and ecofacts, and theoretical approaches to subsistence skills. Based on the structure of Bronze Age house, the transition from multi-families to nuclear family housing have been asserted to be the results of intensive agriculture. This is also needed to figure out and connect the other life styles and practices with those housing in that period. Bronze age villages in Southern Korea has been identified to include public squares, communal storages, and ritual facilities according to many intensive excavations. Also several styles of dolmens, which were constructed by abundant labors, have been identified in many sites. Those settlments and tombs has been asserted to prove the formation of the early chiefdoms. A large amount of bronze tools and accessories made by a few professional craftsmen, which buried in the elite graves of the early iron age have been thought to explained the existence of late chiefdoms. But archaeological data and explanation methodology in Korea are still not enough to describe the nature of societies in relation with them. The bronze and iron age tombs of north eastern China and Korea have been studied for figuring out the historical Old Choseon and Jinguk Polities. This also require a variety of analysis and interpretation methods of archaeological data, as well as the in-depth justaposition of the early historical records and archaeological data.

Life and Death of a Bronze Age House: Excavation of Early Minoan I Levels at Priniatikos Pyrgos

Podrobna terenni zprava o výsledcich výzkumu kontextů rane doby bronzove na lokalitě Priniatikos Pyrgos.

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Previous articleNext article FreeOPEN ACCESS ON AJA ONLINE (www.ajaonline.org)Online-Only ContentPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreOnline-only content accompanying American Journal of ArchaeologyVolume 118, Number 2 (April 2014)SUPPLEMENTARY CONTENT Appendix: Life and Death of a Bronze Age House: Excavation of Early Minoan I Levels at Priniatikos Pyrgos, by Barry Molloy, Jo Day, Sue Bridgford, Valasia Isaakidou, Eleni Nodarou, Georgia Kotzamani, Marina Milić, Tristan Carter, Polly Westlake, Vera Klontza-Jaklova, Ellinor Larsson, and Barbara J. Hayden BOOK REVIEWS Archaeology: The Discipline of Things, by Bjørnar Olsen, Michael Shanks, Timothy Webmoor, and Christopher Witmore. Reviewed by Thomas E. Emerson Social Zooarchaeology: Humans and Animals in Prehistory, by Nerissa Russell. Reviewed by Deborah Ruscillo Earth Resistance for Archaeologists, by Armin Schmidt. Reviewed by Apostolos Sarris DNA for Archaeologists, by Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith and K. Ann Horsburgh. Reviewed by Zuzana Chovanec All the King’s Horses: Essays on the Impact of Looting and the Illicit Antiquities Trade on Our Knowledge of the Past, edited by Paula K. Lazrus and Alex W. Barker. Reviewed by Ellis E. McDowell-Loudan Thirst: Water and Power in the Ancient World, by Steven J. Mithen. Reviewed by Adam Rogers Commerce and Colonization in the Ancient Near East, by María Eugenia Aubet. Reviewed by Philip Boyes The Late MBA and LBA Pottery Horizons at Qatna: Innovation and Conservation in the Ceramic Tradition of a Regional Capital and the Implications for Second Millennium Syrian Chronology, by Marco Iamoni. Reviewed by Felix Höflmayer Household Archaeology in Ancient Israel and Beyond, edited by Assaf Yasur-Landau, Jennie R. Ebeling, and Laura B. Mazow. Reviewed by Miriam Müller Cities and the Shaping of Memory in the Ancient Near East, by Ömür Harmanşah. Reviewed by Geoff Emberling Eastern Mediterranean Metallurgy and Metalwork in the Second Millennium BC: A Conference in Honour of James D. Muhly, Nicosia, 10th–11th October 2009, edited by Vasiliki Kassianidou and George Papasavvas. Reviewed by Nicholas G. BlackwellMateriality and Consumption in the Bronze Age Mediterranean, by Louise Steel. Reviewed by Jorrit M. Kelder Individuals and Society in Mycenaean Pylos, by Dimitri Nakassis. Reviewed by Katie Lantzas Vessels and Variety: New Aspects of Ancient Pottery, edited by Hanne Thomasen, Annette Rathje, and Kristen Bøggild Johannsen. Reviewed by Justin St. P. Walsh Dei nello spazio degli uomini: I culti dell’agora e la costruzione di Corinto arcaica, by Rachele Dubbini. Reviewed by Paul D. Scotton Das Heiligtum der Artemis Hemera in Lousoi: Kleinfunde aus den Grabungen 1986–2000, by Veronika Mitsopoulos-Leon. Reviewed by Joannis Mylonopoulos Medusa’s Gaze: The Extraordinary Journey of the Tazza Farnese, by Marina Belozerskaya. Reviewed by Glenda Middleton Swan Regional Pathways to Complexity: Settlement and Land-Use Dynamics in Early Italy from the Bronze Age to the Republican Period, by Peter Attema, Gert Jan Burgers, and Martijn van Leusen. Reviewed by Simon Stoddart Veii, the Historical Topography of the Ancient City: A Restudy of John Ward-Perkins’s Survey, edited by Roberta Cascino, Helga Di Giuseppe, and Helen L. Patterson. Reviewed by Lucy Shipley Women and Visual Replication in Roman Imperial Art and Culture, by Jennifer Trimble. Reviewed by Barbara Kellum Vesuvian Sigillata at Pompeii, by Jaye McKenzie-Clark. Reviewed by Kathleen Warner Slane Imperial Cult and Imperial Representation in Roman Cyprus, by Takashi Fujii. Reviewed by Jody Michael Gordon The Ceremonial Sculptures of the Roman Gods, by Brian Madigan. Reviewed by Philip Kiernan List of Books Received Previous articleNext article DetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Archaeology Volume 118, Number 2April 2014 The journal of the Archaeological Institute of America Views: 23Total views on this site Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3764/aja.118.2.online Views: 23Total views on this site Copyright © 2014 by the Archaeological Institute of America. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

A Middle Bronze Age House and Burnt Mound at Bestwall, Wareham, Dorset: an Interim Report

A Middle Bronze Age house and burnt mound were excavated in 2001 within the large-scale prehistoric landscape under investigation at Bestwall Quarry, Wareham, Dorset. The house was succeeded by the burnt mound which was associated with two large pits. All the structures were associated with a substantial and well-preserved assemblage of Deverel-Rimbury pottery. Most of this pottery, and two copper alloy bracelets, also of Middle Bronze Age date, comprised remarkable closing deposits that marked the abandonment of the structures.

Mellemtoft Øst – En tidlig middelalderlig landbebyggelse nær Tvis Kloster

Mellemtoft Øst – En tidlig middelalderlig landbebyggelse nær Tvis Kloster

Une maison à absides sur l'oppidum de Gailhan (Gard) au milieu du V s. avant J.-C. La question du plan absidial en Gaule du Sud

A mid 5th century house, built on an apsis plan, has been excavated on the Plan de la Tour oppidum, near Gailhan. The walls were partly made of mud, supported by stakes, and partly of stone. A partition divided the inside into two rooms and the northern room was used as a store-room (crushed vases, burnt grains of cereals). Until today, the presence of the apsis plan, in prehistoric South Gaul, had only been attested on coast sites, precociously and intensively exposed to Hellenic influence, associated to the use of raw brick (La Monédière, near Bessan, Hérault, and Saint-Blaise, near Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts, Bouches-du-Rhône, 6th or early 5th century B.C.), thus pleading in favour of a Hellenic origin. But, possibly, the Gailhan house, located in the inland of Languedoc, in an indigenous society, within the reach of the Massaliete market stream, and built according to a technology traditional of that area, has been built on an indigenous plan which was already known in Eastern Languedoc during the Chalcolithic Age, and in the inland of Gaul since the Bronze Age. That hypothesis remains to be confirmed by future excavations in South Gaul, where our knowledge of the plans of early Iron Age perishable houses is very limited, whereas the plans of Bronze Age houses are still totally unknown.

A Late Bronze Age House- or Sanctuary-model from The Menelaion, Sparta

A preliminary account is given of a fragmentary terracotta model for a flat-roofed, rectangular building found in a context no later than LH IIIA1 in the terrace fill of Mansion 2, at the Menelaion.