Bromothymol Blue Dye Research Articles

Robust regenerable metal-selenide-chitosan photocatalyst for the effective removal of Bromothymol Blue (BB) from wastewater

Water scarcity has been a crucial debate in recent years regarding the critical scenario of water pollution. The water body is continuously contaminated by organic effluents of textile industries, including pigmented dye pollutants. To tackle water bodies contamination, there is a need to develop an eco-friendly and efficient method for removing toxic dyes. Herein, ternary metal selenide nanocomposites of barium nickel selenide (NBSe-NPs) were synthesized by the solvothermal method supported by chitosan microsphere (NBSe-NPs-CM). Recovery of the catalyst was convenient by capping nanoparticles in the microsphere to maintain effective stability, biocompatibility, and well-designed surface coating. FTIR spectrum verified nanocomposite synthesis and chitosan microsphere (NBSe-CM) formation. SEM observations of nanocomposites and NBSe-CM indicated an average size of 13.78 nm and 253 μm, respectively. The presence of barium, nickel, and selenium elements in the NBS-NPs was verified by EDX analysis. The nanocomposites had a crystallite size of 15.73 nm. The photocatalyst exhibited a narrow bandgap of only 1.3 eV based on Tauc's plot. In addition, the synthesized microsphere demonstrated an efficient photocatalytic degradation (97 %) of Bromothymol Blue dye within 100 min under optimized operating conditions (pH of 6.0, dye concentration of 40 ppm, catalyst dosage of 0.25 g). The photocatalysis process followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The repeatability studies showed a slight decline in the catalyst's efficiency after four successive cycles. The DFT study shows that the NBSe-CM is energetically stable with more considerable negative binding energy, and the dye molecule interacts more strongly with the NBSe-CM surface. The findings highlight the exceptional characteristics of the newly designed ternary-metal-selenide-containing chitosan-microspheres for degrading dye contaminants from textile effluents.

Green approach for fabricating hybrids of food waste-derived biochar/zinc oxide for effective degradation of bromothymol blue dye in a photocatalysis/persulfate activation system

This study presents novel composites of biochar (BC) derived from spinach stalks and zinc oxide (ZnO) synthesized from water hyacinth to be used for the first time in a hybrid system for activating persulfate (PS) with photocatalysis for the degradation of bromothymol blue (BTB) dye. The BC/ZnO composites were characterized using innovative techniques. BC/ZnO (2:1) showed the highest photocatalytic performance and BC/ZnO (2:1)@(PS + light) system attained BTB degradation efficiency of 89.47% within 120 min. The optimum operating parameters were determined as an initial BTB concentration of 17.1 mg/L, a catalyst dosage of 0.7 g/L, and a persulfate initial concentration of 8.878 mM, achieving a BTB removal efficiency of 99.34%. The catalyst showed excellent stability over five consecutive runs. Sulfate radicals were the predominant radicals involved in the degradation of BTB. BC/ZnO (2:1)@(PS + light) system could degrade 88.52%, 84.64%, 81.5%, and 77.53% of methylene blue, methyl red, methyl orange, and Congo red, respectively. Further, the BC/ZnO (2:1)@(PS + light) system effectively activated PS to eliminate 97.49% of BTB and 85.12% of dissolved organic carbon in real industrial effluents from the textile industry. The proposed degradation system has the potential to efficiently purify industrial effluents which facilitates the large-scale application of this technique.

Response Time Dynamics of a Membrane-Based Microfluidic Gas Sensor

Practical gas–liquid interfacing is paramount in microfluidic technology, particularly in developing microfluidic gas sensors. We have created an easily replicable membrane-based closed microfluidic platform (MB-MP) to achieve in situ gas–liquid contact for low-resource settings. We have fabricated the MB-MP using readily available materials like double-sided tape or parafilm without conventional soft lithographic techniques. The response characteristics of the MB-MP are studied using CO2 as the model gas and bromothymol blue dye as the sensing material. The dye’s color change, indicative of pH shifts due to CO2 absorption, is captured with a digital microscope and analyzed via the ImageJ software package v1.54g. The response shows saturation and regeneration parts when cycled between CO2 and N2, respectively. Experiments are conducted to investigate the response characteristics and saturation rate under different conditions, including changes in volumetric flow rate, gas stream velocity, and dye solution volume. We observe experimentally that an increase in volumetric flow rate decreases the delay and increases the saturation rate of the response, surpassing the impact of the gas stream’s increased velocity. Furthermore, increasing the dye volume results in an exponential decrease in the saturation rate and an increase in the delay. These insights are essential for optimizing the platform’s response for point-of-use applications.

Experimental and ab initio studies of enhance photocatalytic efficiency of La-doped ZnO/g-C3N4 nanocomposites for bromothymol blue dye degradation

The ability of photocatalysis to clean up environmental contamination, notably in the treatment of water and air, has received extensive research. The composite materials synthesized by the coprecipitation method were made of ZnO and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with various concentrations of lanthanum doping (La-ZnO). It was discovered that La metal ions were evenly distributed throughout the layered stacking structures of ZnO nanosheet, which had an impact on the band structure and increased the rate of electron-hole separation and visible light absorption. First-principles calculations show that La-doped ZnO-gC3N4 possesses a direct band gap and a type-II band structure with the conduction band minimum and the valence band maximum located in separate layers. A built-in electric field from the gC3N4 to the La-doped ZnO has been established through an analysis of charge density difference, Bader charge, work function, and band alignment. The electron-hole pair becomes spatially separated as a result, which increases the photodegradation activity. High interfacial charge transfer, efficient charge separation and migration, and high visible light optical absorbance were caused by the direct coating of ZnO on an ultra-thin g-C3N4 layer. The 0.6 % La-doped ZnO-gC3N4 degraded 97 % of the bromothymol blue (BB) dye, which was four times higher than the bulk ZnO, which could remove only about 21 % of the dye at the same time. The combined effects of lower photo corrosion, higher solar light usage owing to a hollow structure and heterostructured semiconductor photocatalysis contribute to this increased photocatalytic activity. The capacity of La-doped ZnO/g-C3N4 nanocomposite to effectively break down BB dye via photocatalysis suggests that it has the potential to address the problems associated with dye pollution in water systems.

Effective degradation of synthetic micropollutants and real textile wastewater via a visible light-activated persulfate system using novel spinach leaf-derived biochar

A novel biochar (BC), derived from spinach leaves, was utilized as an activator for persulfate (PS) in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light conditions. Thorough analyses were conducted to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the biochar. The (BC + light)/PS system exhibited superior MB degradation efficiency at 83.36%, surpassing the performance of (BC + light)/hydrogen peroxide and (BC + light)/peroxymonosulfate systems. The optimal conditions were ascertained through the implementation of response surface methodology. Moreover, the (BC + light)/PS system demonstrated notable degradation ratios of 90.82%, 81.88%, and 84.82% for bromothymol blue dye, paracetamol, and chlorpyrifos, respectively, under optimal conditions. The predominant reactive species responsible for MB degradation were identified as sulfate radicals. Notably, the proposed system consistently achieved high removal efficiencies of 99.02%, 96.97%, 94.94%, 92%, and 90.35% for MB in five consecutive runs. The applicability of the suggested system was further validated through its effectiveness in treating real textile wastewater, exhibiting a substantial MB removal efficiency of 98.31% and dissolved organic carbon mineralization of 87.49%.

Process optimization of superior biosorption capacity of biogenic oyster shells nanoparticles for Congo red and Bromothymol blue dyes removal from aqueous solution: Response surface methodology, equilibrium isotherm, kinetic, and reusability studies

The essential use of natural materials or microbial biomass for effective dye removal from water, combined with simultaneous antimicrobial activity, is crucial for environmental and biomedical applications. Functionalized oyster shell waste nanoparticles (OY-NPs) were synthesized and utilized for efficient biosorption of Congo red (CR) and bromothymol blue (BB) dyes from solution, exhibiting promising antibacterial properties against gram-negative bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli (E. coli), in wastewater. Employing response surface methodology and central composite design, the impact of key process variables; pH, initial concentration, time, and adsorbent doses were investigated. Characterization through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform irradiation, and x-ray diffraction analyses revealed mesoporous crystalline structures rich in CaCO3, featuring prominent functional groups such as C–O, CO, and O-H. Optimization of batch experiments yielded peak efficiency at pH 3.3, initial concentration of 72.34 mg/L, contact time of 84.44 min, and a dosage of 0.1 for CR and BB, achieving a desirability coefficient of 1.0. Equilibrium studies aligned with the Langmuir isotherm model determined coefficient (R2 > 0.977), while kinetic experiments correlated well with the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.9). OY-NPs demonstrated optimal adsorption capacities of 84.77 and 180.61 mg/g for CR and BB, respectively, with spontaneous and endothermic removal. Reusability studies showcased consistently high adsorption efficiency over 5 cycles, highlighting the eco-friendly and recyclable potential of OY-NPs for wastewater treatment applications. The observed antibacterial activity further supports their suitability for antimicrobial applications.

Adsorption of Bromothymol Blue Dye onto Bauxite Clay

The goal of the current work is to use an inexpensive, non-toxic material with a high water absorption capacity, bauxite clay, to adsorb the bromothymol blue dye from an aqueous solution. In the production of textiles, leather, paint, food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, synthetic organic compounds are used as dyes almost exclusively in modern industrial processes. Because to their harmful side effects, which include their inherent carcinogenicity, toxicity, and mutagenicity as well as the results of their biological transformation, these dyes pose a serious hazard to the environment when they are released. Clay minerals are valuable as depolluting agents due to their swelling potential, colloidal behavior, and adsorption capacity. The adsorption behavior of bromothymol blue dye from an aqueous solution was studied using bauxite clay. Different variables such as contact time, dosage, ionic strength, and temperature were studied to show the effect on bromothymol blue adsorption onto bauxite clay from an aqueous solution using the batch adsorption method. This study showed that the adsorption decreased by increasing the temperature (15–40 C) and increased by increasing the clay weight from 0.2 to 1.6 g. It also showed as the amount of time rose, the adsorption grew until it reached an equilibrium time of 155 minutes. Thermodynamic metrics including change in free energy (∆G), enthalpy (∆H), and entropy (∆S) all were assessed. A positive correlation was found between the absorbance and the range of concentrations of bromothymol blue (4–32 g/mL) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9911. The maximum wavelength was found and set to 432 nm for all measurements

Binary Ce-doped-ZnO/rGO composite as excellent photocatalyst for bromothymol blue dye degradation

Organic contaminants pose a grave danger to both the surroundings and public health, which emphasizes the urgent need for efficient decomposition techniques. Building a composite and adding a cocatalyst can both enhance the transfer of photogenerated electrons, which are useful strategies to increase photocatalytic efficiency. This study sought to synthesize cerium–doped ZnO–rGO nanoparticles with varying concentrations of Ce for visible–light photocatalytic degradation of bromothymol blue dye in water. The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, x–ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results disclosed that the photoactivity of the 0.6% Ce–ZnO–rGO was the highest and degraded 92% of bromothymol blue dye under visible light within 180 min (k = 1.072 ×10–2 min–1) compared to the pristine ZnO which only degraded the dye by about 22% (k = 1.15 ×10−3 min−1). The band gap of the pure ZnO was estimated to be 3.09 eV and that of the best performing composite (0.6% Ce) to be 2.81 eV which we suggest are responsible for the improved photodegradation. The pseudo–first–order photocatalytic kinetic has a strong correlation value of 0.99. The Ce–ZnO–rGO composites offer a lot of potential for cleaning the environment.

La–doped ZnO–rGO nanocomposites: Synthesis and characterization as photocatalyst for effective degradation of bromothymol blue dye in water

Several techniques for eliminating organic dyes and pesticides present in water and wastewater have been developed to lessen their negative environmental effects. The use of semiconductor photocatalysts to break down organic pollutants like dyes and insecticides has garnered a lot of interest recently. In this work, we have prepared simple, quick, and high–yielding La–doped ZnO–rGO nanoparticles that can be used for photocatalytic degradation. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by various methods including morphological, optical, and photocatalytic properties using cutting–edge technologies like Transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X–ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The study investigated the photocatalytic action of La–doped ZnO–rGO nanocomposites under visible light irradiation and bromothymol blue as a module dye. According to the findings, La–doped ZnO–rGO nanoparticles demonstrated discernible photocatalytic performance, with the 0.6% La–doped ZnO–rGO exhibiting the best degradation percentage of 81% in 210 min and a rate constant of 1.158 × 10−3 min−1.

Plant extract mediated approach towards the synthesis of NiO nanoparticles: Evaluation of its antibacterial, antioxidant and photocatalytic activity

AbstractBio‐extract based nanoparticles have now become a global phenomenon. Their superior properties to the bulk material, and low cytotoxicity has made them essential component of nanotechnology. The current research was based on the phyto‐synthesised NiO nanoparticles by using Catharanthus roseus plant leaf extract. Sol gel method was used for this synthesis. The plant extract plays a significant role in the fabrication of nanoparticles. For characterization UV‐Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, FT IR analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. They were also examined for their antibacterial properties by using agar diffusion method (ADM) against different bacteria (gram negative strain of E. coli, Pseudomonas spp. and gram positive strain of Bacillus spp.). Photocatalytic degradation proficiency was studied for bromothymol blue dye. Phytochemicals‐coated Nickel Oxide nanoparticles demonstrated antibacterial properties against bacteria (gram negative strain of E. coli, Pseudomonas spp. and gram positive strain of Bacillus spp.) by showing highest zone of inhibition (19 mm, 22 mm, 15 mm).the antioxidant activity of the synthesized nanoparticles were also examined and the result show that the fabricated nanoparticles exhibited significant radical scavenging activity. Degradation proficiency of nanoparticles for bromothymol blue dye was found to be 2.76% in sunlight (for 90 min), and 1.76% in UV light (for 90 min).

An intelligent label using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and carrageenan for monitoring the freshness of fresh-cut papaya

A novel intelligent label (CNCB) was prepared by casting and drying a mixed solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) and carrageenan, to which bromothymol blue (BTB) was fixed as the pH indicator. The CNCB label can reply the freshness of fruit through color changes according to the CO2 concentration inside the package. Variations in the three label components were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the label morphology and structure were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. Lastly, the thermal stability of the labels was analyzed using a synchronous thermal analyzer. Carrageenan enhanced the water resistance of the CMC-Na label and improved the mechanical properties. Moreover, while the BTB dye was added to visually indicate color change, its addition improved not only the physical properties but also the thermal stability of the label. The CNCB label showed different color changes in response to different CO2 concentrations. When the CNCB label was stored with fresh-cut papaya, its color changed from blue to green, yellow-green, and eventually yellow-brown as the fruit lost its freshness, displaying a strong correlation with the CO2 concentration in the package. This label prepared from CMC-Na, carrageenan, and BTB, can be used as intelligent label in monitoring the freshness of fresh-cut papaya for the excellent pH sensitivity.

Photocatalytic UV-Induced Approach for Discoloration of Bromocresol Purple, Bromothymol Blue Dyes and Their Mixture Using NixFe3−xO4/Fe2O3/AC Composites

Photocatalytic UV-Induced Approach for Discoloration of Bromocresol Purple, Bromothymol Blue Dyes and Their Mixture Using NixFe3−xO4/Fe2O3/AC Composites

Removal of bromothymol blue dye by the oxidation method using KMnO4: Accelerating the oxidation reaction by Ru (III) catalyst

Oxidation is the preferred method that used for the removal of colored toxic dyes from wastewater. Various oxidizing agents such as permanganate ion, chromate ion, ferricyanide ion have been studied kinetically to remove these colored dyes from water. In compared to the other oxidizing agents, potassium permanganate is inexpensive, water-soluble, eco-friendly oxidant, and it can be used in acid, alkaline, and neutral conditions. In addition, it has been widely used for treatment of pollutants in drinking water and waste-water applications for over 50 years. In this work, the kinetics of bromothymol blue (BTB) oxidation by KMnO4 were investigated using a conventional spectrophotometer in neutral solutions. The oxidation reaction rates were accelerated to notable rates by using of Ru (III) as a homogeneous catalyst. The pseudo-1st - order model showed a 1st order in terms of both reactant's concentration, and 2nd overall reaction. The kinetic data indicated the founding of a 1:1 intermediate species with the intervention of free radicals into the reaction mechanism. At the reaction conditions of [BTB]=1 × 10–5, [MnO4–] = 4 × 10–4 mol dm–3, and 25 °C, the pseudo-first order rate constant values were calculated to be 1.13×10–4 s–1 without Ru (III) and 1.66×10–4 using Ru(III) as a catalyst (4 × 10–4 mol dm–3). Considering the kinetic results, a putative the mechanism of the reaction in the stated redox reaction is postulated and examined. Activation parameters without and with using of Ru (III) were calculated.

Fixed Bed Column Adsorption Studies of selected Phenols and Dyes using Low-cost adsorbents. A mini Review

Consumption of water contaminated with dyes and phenolic compounds is detrimental to human and animal wellbeing even at permissible limits. Therefore, their decontamination from water is important for the safety of consumers. Conventional water treatment techniques such as ozonation, ion exchange among others are expensive and ineffective. Adsorption as an emerging technique has gained research interest because of its ease in design, environmentally friendly and availability of materials as adsorbents in large quantities. The application of various adsorbents have extensively been reported for decontamination of dyes and phenolic compounds in wastewater such as 4-chlorophenol, Metanil Yellow (MY) dye, Phenol, Methyl green dye, Bromothymol Blue dye, Crystal violet, Methylene blue and Direct Blue 71. It has also been reported that adsorption by column continuous processes are more efficient than batch as it can be used continuously under high effluent flow rates in many pollution control processes in an industrial set up. The fixed bed column adsorption data is analyzed at different column conditions of bed height, pH, particle size, concentration and flow rate using different kinetic models such as Bohart-Adams, Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, Clark, Bed depth service time and Wolborska models amongst others to determine the column performance. The present paper involves a mini review of dynamics of fixed-bed column studies for removal of selected dyes and phenolics from a synthetic media.

Removal of toxic bromothymol blue dye from wastewater by using poly vinyl alcohol adsorbent as a synthetic polymer

Removal of toxic bromothymol blue dye from wastewater by using poly vinyl alcohol adsorbent as a synthetic polymer

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF NANOCRYSTALLINE LANTHANUM DOPED MOLYBDENUM OXIDE

Organic dyes effluents are a foremost source of environmental pollution and hence its removal has become an important area of research these days. A series of different concentrations of Lanthanum- Molybdenum Oxide catalysts, LMO (1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20wt.%) were prepared by a sol gel method and calcined at 500°C. Thus, synthesized LMO catalysts were characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Flame Emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM,) Energy-dispersed X-ray analysis (EDX), RAMAN Spectroscopy and Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The photocatalytic properties of LMO nanoparticles were investigated via methyl orange (MO) and bromothymol blue (BTB) as a model organic compound in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. More than 80% and 60% degradation of MO and BTB dye within 150 minutes indicating the excellent photocatalytic activity of as prepared catalysts.

Bioprospecting of the agaricomycete Ganoderma australe GPC191 as novel source for l-asparaginase production

l-Asparaginase is a therapeutically and industrially-competent enzyme, acting predominantly as an anti-neoplastic and anti-cancerous agent. The existing formulations of prokaryotic l-asparaginase are often toxic and contain l-glutaminase and urease residues, thereby increasing the purification steps. Production of l-glutaminase and urease free l-asparaginase is thus desired. In this research, bioprospecting of isolates from the less explored class Agaricomycetes was undertaken for l-asparaginase production. Plate assay (using phenol red and bromothymol blue dyes) was performed followed by estimation of l-asparaginase, l-glutaminase and urease activities by Nesslerization reaction for all the isolates. The isolate displaying the desired enzyme production was subjected to morphological, molecular identification, and phylogenetic analysis with statistical validation using Jukes-Cantor by Neighbour-joining tree of Maximum Likelihood statistical method. Among the isolates, Ganoderma australe GPC191 with significantly high zone index value (5.581 ± 0.045 at 120 h) and enzyme activity (1.57 ± 0.006 U/mL), devoid of l-glutaminase and urease activity was selected. The present study for the first-time reported G. australe as the potential source of l-glutaminase and urease-free l-asparaginase and also is one of the few studies contributing to the literature of G. australe in India. Hence, it can be postulated that it may find its future application in pharmaceutical and food industries.

Synergistic bromothymol blue dye degradation with hydrodynamic cavitation and hydrogen peroxide (HC-H2O2)

This study assessed the degradation of bromothymol blue in a Venturi device based on a hybrid process that combines hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). A Rotatable Central Composite Design (RCCD) was used to optimize the following variables: pressure, reaction time and molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide. Degradation efficiencies were evaluated based on Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and color removals before and after Venturi treatment. Maximum COD (93.42%) and color (93.28%) removals were observed at 4.0 bar inlet pressure, at a treatment time of 25 minutes and at H2O2/effluent (dye) molar ratio of 30:1. The hydrodynamic cavitation/hydrogen peroxide system has great potential to remove normally recalcitrant organic pollutants.

Facile fabrication, characterization and efficient photocatalytic activity of surfactant free ZnS, CdS and CuS nanoparticles

In this research, some metal sulfide nanoparticles (NPs) including ZnS, CdS and CuS NPs were prepared by a simple and low-cost co-precipitation method for the photocatalytic degradation of Bromothymol blue dye (BTB) under natural sunlight irradiation. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis DRS, PL, TGA, SEM and TEM techniques for the investigation of structural, electronic, thermal, and morphological properties. The optical absorption and the band gaps of the ZnS, CdS, and CuS NPs were calculated as 3.62 eV, 2.21 eV, and 1.16 eV from the UV-vis DRS. XRD results demonstrate the cubic structure of ZnS NPs, CdS NPs, and the hexagonal structure of CuS NPs in the polycrystalline nature. The spherical shape and size of the NPs are observed in the range of 5–12 nm from the XRD and TEM analysis. The FTIR spectra reveal that the functional groups are associated with the synthesized materials by the metal-sulfur (Zn-S, Cd-S, and Cu-S) vibration bands. The CdS NPs exhibited a more efficient photocatalytic activity for the BTB dye degradation than the ZnS and CuS NPs. Similarly, the results on the photostability for the degradation of BTB indicate that the CdS NPs exhibited the activity and stability for up to 5 cycles which are better than those of the ZnS and CuS NPs, consistent with their tiny size and extremely effective reacting surface area. Hence, the semiconducting materials are expected to have the potential as a highly efficient, cost-effective and eco-friendly heterogeneous catalyst for industrial applications.

Adsorption of bromophenol blue and bromothymol blue dyes onto raw maize cob

The adsorption of Bromophenol blue (BPB), and Bromothymol blue (BTB) onto raw maize cob from aqueous solution was studied using bach adsorption technique, in which the influence of contact time, dosage, concentration, temperature, and pH, were investigated as well as characterizing the adsorbent using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy and pH of point of zero charge (pH PZC Results showed that Bromophenol blue and Bromothymol blue removal reaches optimum percentage about 96.53 %, and 94.39 % with equilibrium time within 125 and 110 minutes respectively. For both dyes the removal efficiency was found to increase with increasing initial dye concentration from 10 mg/l to 100 mg/l, and adsorption efficiency were found to be high at lower pH. also, increase in the dosage of the adsorbent leads to increase in the adsorption process for BPB but shows decrease for BTB. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinnin-Ruduskevich (D-R). The results revealed that the experimental data fits Temkin isotherm with R 2 values of 0.957 and 0.971 for BPB and BTB respectively. Kinetic analyses were conducted using pseudo-first second-order models, elovich equation and the intra-particle diffusion model. The regression results in addition to q e experimental and q e calculated showed that the adsorption kinetics was more accurately represented by pseudo-second-order model. Values of activation parameters such as free energy changes (Δ), enthalpy change (Δ), and entropy change (Δ) were calculated using vant Hoff equation. All Δ values were negative indicating that the adsorption was feasible and spontaneous. The result indicated that raw maize cob can be used as adsorbent for the removal of the tested dyes Keywords : Adsorbate, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Maize cob, % Removal