Broiler Rearing Research Articles

The Effect of Closed House Cage Type on Broiler Rearing on Production Performance of Plasma Farms at PT. Mustika Jaya Lestari Madiun

This study aims to analyze the success rate of broiler rearing production performance based on the type of cage maintenance. The research material were 30 broiler farmer’s plasma farms at PT Mustika Jaya Lestari in Madiun, East Java, Indonesia, consisting of 17 modern closed house cage broiler farms and 13 semi-closed house cage broiler farms. The research method was a case study. The samples of plasma farmers were chosen by purposive sampling method of farmers groups who have broiler farming businesses, modern closed house (T1) and semi-closed house cage types (T2) in partnership with PT. Mustika Jaya Lestari in Madiun. Data collection techniques in this study were: surveys, interviews and documentation. The data was analyse using unpaired t-test. The results showed that modern closed housed (T1) had better (P<0.01) feed conversion (1.57 vs. 1.65), mortality rate (3.93% vs. 5.37%) and performance index (380.02 vs. 339.65) than semi-closed house cage types (T2). There is no difference (P>0.01) of feed consumption and final body weight of the animals. The conclusion of the study is that the production performance of broiler of modern closed house is better than semi-closed one.

Performance Economics of Broiler Rearing with Reovirus infection

Performance Economics of Broiler Rearing with Reovirus infection

Impact of Waste Tea Litter on NH3 and CO2 Emissions during Broiler Rearing

Pollution generated by livestock and poultry rearing is an important environmental issue, and gas emissions during animal production are continuously increasing. A digital rearing chamber inspection system was designed in the present study in order to examine the waste tea litter’s impact on the growth performance and harmful gas emissions, such as ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2), during broiler rearing. Broilers were raised without litter and with waste tea litter. According to the results, broiler growth showed little difference between the two groups during the experimental period, and it was concluded that waste tea litter had no impact on broiler growth. Meanwhile, the gas emissions of the waste tea-litter group were lower than the non-bedding-materials group. In detail, the average concentrations of NH3 and CO2 of the non-bedding-materials group were 9.33 ± 3.65 ppm and 797 ± 107 ppm, respectively; while these concentrations in the waste-tea-litter group were 1.01 ± 0.35 ppm and 713 ± 69 ppm, respectively. According to the analysis of the litter properties, it was suggested that waste tea litter can reduce the moisture content in litter, and affect microbial and urease activity due to its low carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N), weak acid, and porous structure characteristics. In conclusion, this study showed the potential of waste tea litter in NH3 and CO2 emission reduction during broiler rearing.

25-Hydroxycholecalciferol As an Alternative to Vitamin D3 in Diets with Different Levels of Calcium for Broilers Reared Under Heat Stress

The objective was to evaluate the effect of dietary 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) or vitamin D3 (VitD3) and different total calcium (Ca) levels on the performance, carcass characteristics, blood, enzymatic, and bone biochemistry of broilers reared under heat stress between 1 and 42 days of age. A total of 504 male, Cobb 500, broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (VitD3 or 25(OH)D3 × four Ca levels (100, 90, 80 and 70% of the recommendations of Rostagno et al. (2011)), eight treatments, seven replicates and nine broilers per cage. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio did not (p>0.05) vary when levels of Ca were reduced and vitamin D3 sources were supplemented in the diets from 1 to 21 days for broilers chickens. 25 (OH)D3 increased weight gain results (p<0.05). From 1 to 42 d, no differences (p>0.05) were observed on performance, carcass yields and meat quality, bone deposition of Ca and P, and alkaline phosphatase concentration. Higher serum (p<0.05) concentrations of Ca and P were found in broilers fed with 25(OH)D3. The replacement of VitD3 with 25(OH)D3 and the Ca reduction of 30% in diets did not negatively affect performance, carcass characteristics, and Ca and P deposition in the tibia of broilers at 42 days of age, under heat stress.

Effect of Supplementing Alcoholic and Aqueous Extract of Khalal and Seedless Date and Date Seed Khalal AL-Zahdi Date (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) to Drinking Water on Some Physiological and Microbial Traits of Broiler Reared Under High Temperature

This research aims to effect of supplementing alcoholic and aqueous extract of khalal and seedless date and date seed khalal AL-Zahdi date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) to drinking water on some of the physiological, histological and microbial traits of broilers reared under high temperature, As the study included the use of 300 chicks of one day age and with an average weight of 41 g, the unsexed rose strain, and it was distributed to five treatments, where one treatment contained 60 chicks, with three replicates for each treatment (20 chicks/replicates ) for a period of 6 weeks, the birds were exposed to temperatures at an average of (28-36 -30 ± 2 ° C) and the degree of humidity at an average of (40-60-50 ± 2%) for the times (700-1200-1900). The chicks were distributed randomly into five treatments as follows: - The first treatment (T1), the control treatment, without any addition to drinking water, the second treatment (T2) and the third (T3), adding 300 mg/liter of water from the aqueous and alcoholic extract for Al-Zahdi khalal, respectively and the fourth treatment (T4) and the fifth (T5) adding 300 mg/liter of water from aqueous and alcoholic extract for the Al-Zahdi khalal seed, respectively. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant improvement in the weekly body temperature, a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes and a significant decrease in the number of heterophill cells and the percentage of heterophill cells to lymphocytes (H/L) for all addition factors compared to With control treatment, As well as a significant increase in the concentration of total protein in blood serum and all oxidative enzymes in blood serum, noting that a significant decrease occurred in the concentration of both glucose and cholesterol at the age of 21 days and the AST enzyme and ALT enzyme at the age of 42 days. The preference was in favor of T3 and T5, as was the significant increase in all the studied histological traits. Also, there was a significant decrease in the number of E. Coli bacteria in the ileum area only, and a significant increase in the number of Lactobacilli bacteria in the jejunum and ileum regions. We conclude from the study that the use of these extracts contributed to the improvement of the studied physiological, histological and microbial characteristics of broilers reared at high temperatures, noting that T3 and T5 recorded the best results for all the studied traits.

Microclimate Analysis of Opened House and Closed House in Broiler Rearing

This study aims to analyse the microclimate of opened house and closed house in broiler rearing. The research location was Sumber Rejo Village, Gedangan District,Malang City. The number of CP 707 broiler strains in the opened house was 8,000 and 16,000 in closed house. Microclimate data collected were temperature (°C) and relative humidity of the cage (percentage), and air speed (feet/minute). The instrument used was thermohygro with sensors that can record data automatically and air speed measured to determine parameters of the rearing period. The temperature and humidity data of the house measured periodically on 06.00 a.m., 12.00 a.m., and 18.00 a.m. Data collected for 35 days of the rearing period, starting on September 13th until October 18th, 2019. Data tabulated and analysed using unpaired t-test. Based on the analysis results there were not significant differences in the temperature and relative humidity of opened and closed house air during daytime observations (P>0.01). There was a significant difference in viscosity (P<0.05) within house systems. It is suggested to do further research about effect of house system on broiler performance.

Production Performance, Meat Quality and Economic Appraisal of Broiler Rearing with Tamarind Leaves

Production Performance, Meat Quality and Economic Appraisal of Broiler Rearing with Tamarind Leaves

Dietary Willow Bark Extract for Broilers Reared Under Heat Stress

A 28-day feeding trial was conducted on 60, Cobb 500 broilers (14 days), assigned to 2 groups (C, E) housed in an experimental hall (32° C, 23 h light regimen). Compared to the conventional diet C, the experimental diet (E) included 1% white willow bark extract (WBE). At 42 days of age, 6 blood samples /group were collected and 6 broilers/ group were slaughtered and caecal content was collected. The dietary WBE didn’t influence broiler performance. The serum concentrations of glycaemia, cholesterol and triglycerides were lower (P &lt;0.05) in E group than in C group. E broilers had the lowest count (P&lt;0.05) of Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli and staphylococci colony forming units in the caecal content. The inclusion of WBE (1%) in the diet of broilers reared at 32° C had an hypocholesterolemiant and hypoglycaemic effect and reduced the pathogenic bacteria in the caecum.

Economics of Broiler Rearing Under Different Colours of Light

Economics of Broiler Rearing Under Different Colours of Light

Evaluation of Dietary Glycerin Inclusion During Different Broiler Rearing Phases

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary addition of different levels of glycerin on the performance, litter moisture, pododermatitis incidence, and carcass and parts yield of broilers. In total, 1,610 broilers were reared in 35 pens with 46 birds each. A completely randomized experimental design, with five treatments with seven replicates was applied. The experimental treatments were: T1: control diet; T2: dietary inclusion of 5% glycerin from 1-42 days of age; T3: dietary inclusion of 10% glycerin from 1-42 days of age; T4: dietary inclusion of 5% glycerin from 7-42 days of age; T5: dietary inclusion of 10% glycerin from 7-42 days of age. The diets containing glycerin fed since the pre-starter period improved broiler weight gain and feed conversion ratio, but did not influence feed intake or livability. At the end of the experiment, the production efficiency index of the broilers fed 10% glycerin during the entire rearing period was significantly reduced compared with the other treatments. Litter moisture in the pens of broilers fed 10% glycerin during the entire rearing period was higher compared to the other treatments since day 21.Diets containing 10% glycerin, both for the entire rearing period (1-42 days) or only after the pre-starter phase (7-42 days), influenced broiler performance and incidence of severe pododermatitis, reducing the production efficiency indexes at 42 days. Glycerin may be added up to 5% in broiler´s diets with no effect on performance, litter moisture and carcass yield, indicating that this co-product of the biodiesel industry can be used as an alternative feedstuff for broilers.

Comparative Study on Commercial Broiler Rearing Pattern in Plain and Coastal Regions of Bangladesh

The study was conducted at Sharsa, Jhikargacha, Chawgacha and Jessore sadar upazila of Jessore District regarded as plain and Lalmohon, Borhanuddin, Daulatkhan and Bhola sadar upazila of Bhola District regarded as coastal region with a view to compare the present status and rearing pattern of broiler. Data were collected randomly from selected 52 broiler farmers through personal interview using an interview schedule. The highest number of broiler farmers 69.2% and 57.7% in Jessore and Bhola District, respectively belonged to middle aged group (31-50 years) involved in broiler farming. About 48.1% and 59.6% broiler fermers respondents of Jessore and Bhola District, respectively possessed secondary level of education involved in broiler farming. About 48.08% and 63.46% broiler farmers in Jessore and Bhola District, respectively disinfected their farm using lime water. About 40.38% broiler fermers administered vaccine against ranikhet, gumboro, infectious bronchitis diseases and 36.64% administered vaccine against ranikhet and gumboro diseases in Jessore and Bhola District, respectively. About 36.54% broiler fermers applied antibiotic against coccidiosis, dermatitis and respiratory infection diseases and 44.23% broiler fermers applied antibiotic against coccidiosis, dermatitis and respiratory infection diseases in Jessore and Bhola District, respectively. The highest number of broiler farmers in Jessore District faced great marketing problems due to unfavorable market for selling broiler, high price of feed and chick and in Bhola District the farmers faced great marketing problem due to the unstable and high price of feed and chicks.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22046 J. Environ. Sci. &amp; Natural Resources, 6(1): 89-97 2013

Thermotolerant Campylobacter during Broiler Rearing: Risk Factors and Intervention.

Thermotolerant Campylobacters are one of the most important bacterial causative agents of human gastrointestinal illness worldwide. In most European Union (EU) member states human campylobacteriosis is mainly caused by infection with Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli following consumption or inadequate handling of Campylobacter-contaminated poultry meat. To date, no effective strategy to control Campylobacter colonization of broilers during rearing is available. In this review, we describe the public health problem posed by Campylobacter presence in broilers and list and critically review all currently known measures that have been researched to lower the numbers of Campylobacter bacteria in broilers during rearing. We also discuss the most promising measures and which measures should be investigated further. We end this review by elaborating on readily usable measures to lower Campylobacter introduction and Campylobacter numbers in a broiler flock.

Assessment of Two Female Broiler Rearing Systems (Traditional and Modern) and Their Repercussion on Wellbeing, Corticosterone Concentration, Lesions in Adrenal Glands and Productive Parameters

The effect of two rearing systems on productive performance and level of wellbeing in broilers reared up to day 46 was assessed. The birds were subjected to two treatments: (T1) traditional rearing (open drinkers, population density of 10.7 birds/m and infrared light bulbs as heating source), with 4 repetitions 2 of 6 birds each and (T2) modern rearing (closed drinkers, population density of 13.8 birds/m and infrared 2 gas brooders as heating source) with 10 repetitions of 6 birds each. The birds were lodged in a n experimental house with semi controlled environment and reared according to the breed manual. Production variables that were measured weekly were: feed consumption, body weight, feed conversion and mortality; and finally carcass yield and pigmentation. Wellbeing variables that were measured were lesions in their footpad, hock, breast and walking gait; likewise, serum corticosterone levels were measured and adrenal tissue subjected to microscopic inspection. Results showed a favorable significant difference for T2 in feed consumption, body weight, pigmentation, carcass yield and corticosterone levels; but footpad lesions were found and these were statistically different. Histological changes were observed in adrenal glands. The results suggest that the modern rearing systems enhance better productivity; nevertheless, high population densities may be unfavorable for animal wellbeing.

Lack of Effect of Dietary Chromium Supplementation on Growth Performance and Serum Insulin, Glucose, and Lipoprotein Levels in Broilers Reared Under Heat Stress Condition

This study evaluated the effects of supplemental dietary chromium (Cr) on the performance, carcass traits, and some serum parameters of broilers under a heat stress (23.9 to 37°C cycling) condition. A total of 150 1-day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) according to a completely randomized design were assigned into five treatment groups. Each treatment consisted of three replicates and each replicate contained ten chicks. Treatments were supplemented with 0 (control), 600, and 1,200μgkg(-1) Cr in the form of Cr chloride (CrCl3) and Cr L-methionine from 1 to 49days of age. Blood samples were collected from two birds in each replicate to determine serum parameters at 35 and 49days of age. The body mass, feed intake, and conversion ratio were not influenced by dietary Cr (P > 0.05). Dietary supplementation of Cr from either CrCl3 or Cr L-methionine caused increased serum concentrations of Cr (P < 0.05), but had no effect on serum insulin and glucose concentrations at both sampling times (P > 0.05). Serum triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by dietary treatments, whereas total cholesterol concentration decreased in chicks fed Cr L-methionine compared to the control (P < 0.05).

Effects of Broiler Rearing Environment on Transmission of F-Strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum from Commercial Layer Hens to Broiler Chickens: Role of Acid-Base Balance

Two trials were conducted concurrently to determine and compare, blood pH, blood gases, hematocrit and hemoglobin in F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (FMG) inoculated layers and FMG contactinfected broilers. At the termination of the study, FMG-inoculated layers had the highest partial pressure of O and the lowest partial pressure of CO as compared with the other treatment groups. Blood pH values 2 2 were unaffected by FMG inoculation. Hematocrit and blood concentrations of hemoglobin were slightly higher and HCO levels were lowest in FMG contact-infected broilers in comparison to the other treatments groups. 3 Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculated layers also resulted in a significant increase in blood concentrations of K , a decrease in Na , but no significant effects on blood concentrations of Ca and Cl . There were no + + 2+ differences in plasma glucose, cholesterone, triglyceride and anion gap, but osmolality was significantly reduced in FMG contact-infected broilers. Results indicate that inoculation of layers with FMG vaccine results in changes in plasma acid-base status along with changes in other blood metabolic variables. However, the FMG inoculation did not prevent homeostatic regulation of acid-base balance, as indicated by constant blood pH. The significant increase in pO in FMG inoculated layers is generally associated with an oxygen2 dependent improvement in tissue oxygenation. Elevated arterial partial pressure of oxygen is beneficial to maximize oxygen transport capacity along with high concentrations of hemoglobin and hematocrit to carry oxygen throughout the body. It was concluded that in addition to protecting birds from MG infection, an FMG vaccine may improve the layer chicken’s ability to withstand the harmful effects of stressors on their performance and well-being.

Corn Grind Size and Broilers Reared Under Two Temperature Conditions

Two trials were conducted to determine whether corn ground through a 9.53-mm hammermill screen and fed to broilers would produce the same performance as broilers fed diets containing corn ground through 6.35-mm and 3.18-mm hammermill screens. The broilers reared under a moderate and heat-stress temperature regimen in the two trials received feed in crumble form from 0 to 21 days of age and in pellet form from 21 to 49 days of age. The results of this study show that broilers can utilize corn of 9.53 mm size as efficiently as corn ground with 6.35- or 3.18-mm hammermill screen size. Both moderate and heat-stress temperature conditions during 21 to 49 days of age yielded the same results; consequently, heat-stress has little or no effect.

Nutrient Content of Carcass Parts from Broilers Reared Under Cycling High Temperatures

A study was conducted in which carcass parts from broilers reared under different growing temperature regimens were examined for crude protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium. Commercial broilers were reared from 22 to 49 days of age at either 23.9 C constant temperature (thermoneutral) or 23.9 to 35 C cycling high temperature (heat stress). Birds in the heat stress environment were exposed to 8 h of 23.9 C, 4 h of 23.9 to 35 C, 4 h of 35 C, and 9 h of 35 to 23.9 C. Within each growth environment, protein and fat content differed among carcass parts. Protein content of thighs and drumsticks from birds grown at elevated temperatures were 10.1 and 5.3%, respectively, higher (P < .05) than those from birds grown in a constant temperature environment, but the fat content of these parts from birds in the cooler environment were higher by 8.3 and 9.4%, respectively (P < .05). There was no effect of temperature on the calcium or phosphorus content of carcass parts, but the sodium content of the breast was higher (P < .05) at elevated temperatures. The breast portion of carcasses from heat-stressed birds had the greatest (P < .05) amount of potassium.

Parts Yield of Broilers Reared Under Cycling High Temperatures

Two studies were conducted to examine effects of cycling high environmental temperature during the growing period on subsequent carcass yield. Commercial broilers were reared form 23 to 49 days of age at either 23.9 C constant temperature or 23.9 to 35 C cycling high temperature. Birds in the heat stress environment were exposed to 8 h of 23.9 C, 4 h of 23.9 to 35 C, 4 h of 35 and 8 h of 35 to 23.9 C. Birds grown at elevated temperatures weighed up to 21% less (P < .05) than those raised in a thermoneutral growth environment, with this weight difference being pronounced in both sexes. Whole carcass weight and carcass part weight from birds at 23.9 C were greater than from those in the cycling high temperature environment.

Effect of Improved Pellet Quality from Using a Calcium Lignosulfonate Binder on Performance and Carcass Yield of Broilers Reared Under Different Marketing Schemes

Experimentation was conducted to evaluate the effect of improved pellet quality from using a calcium lignosulfonate (CaLS) binder on broilers reared sexes-separate and combined. Three thousand day-old chicks of two commercial strain crosses were housed in 60 floor pens (five replicate pens per treatment) and reared under summer conditions. The CaLS (12.5 kg/tonne) was added to a corn, soybean meal, and corn gluten meal diet and fed from 3 wk to marketing. Use of the binder led to a 56% improvement (P<.001) of intact pellets. Feeds with and without CaLS contained 20.8% CP, 3,007 kcal/kg AMEn, and had similar amino acid contents. Male (M41), combined sexes (C44), and female (F47) broilers were reared to 41, 44, and 47 days of age, respectively, with the objective of equalizing average live weights. Interactions between strain crosses and CaLS binder did not occur (P>.05). Feed consumption and feed:gain ratio of the birds were increased (P<.001) by use of CaLS binder but the final body weights were not affected. Carcass yield was also not changed by inclusion of CaLS; however, abdominal fat increased (P<.05). Birds at each marketing age responded to CaLS similarly (P>.05) even though final body weight (P<.05), carcass yield (P<.001), and abdominal fat (P<.001) were greater for F47 than M41. Presumably, increased productive energy from improved pellet quality, when combined with high environmental temperature, was excessive relative to dietary protein, and antagonized feed conversion and facilitated fat deposition.

Light Intensity at Night for Broilers Reared Under Summer Temperatures

A study was conducted to determine the intensity of light required at night during the summer months for maximum growth rate of broilers reared in curtain-sided houses. Light intensity for 14 of the 24 h was 431 lx, simulating daylight hours, and either 9, 30, or 69 lx for 10 of the 24 h, simulating night hours. The temperature regimen used was a 24-h linear temperature cycle of 24 to 35 to 24 C. Results showed that light intensity at night did not significantly influence 6-wk body weights or feed conversion ratios of broiler males. Twenty-five watt rather than 75 to 100 W incandescent bulbs are sufficient for maximum growth rate for most curtain-sided broiler houses, with two strings of light bulbs that are 2.1 m high and on 3-m centers equidistant from the ends and sidewalls.