Broiler Chicken Carcasses Research Articles

Accumulation of microbial hazards and assessment of food hygiene associated with broiler chicken processing at open air food markets in Maputo, Mozambique

The burden of foodborne disease due to the consumption of animal-sourced foods is substantial in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Open air markets, while providing fresh and affordable foods, often have unhygienic practices that may contribute to contamination during the slaughter and processing of chicken meat. This study examines whether and how the common practice of rinse water (stored water used for rinsing broiler carcasses during processing) reuse leads to accumulation of pathogens, with potential cross contamination of chicken meat.To assess the accumulation of Campylobacter jejuni/coli, Salmonella spp., and the indicator of fecal contamination, Escherichia coli, in rinse water used during the slaughtering process at open air food markets in Maputo, Mozambique. We conducted a time-series study at three open air food markets. In a first experiment, we collected paired rinse water (N = 70), water used for chicken processing, and broiler chicken carcass (N = 60) samples from 10 vendors at 75-min intervals starting prior to any processing activity. In a second experiment, we collected 100, 50 mL rinse water samples, immediately before and after processing, from 10 vendors. Chicken processing activity and associated hygiene practices were captured through direct observation. Vendors processed 24 chickens per day, on average. In the first experiment, C. jejuni/coli and E. coli were detected in 30 % and 80 % of rinse water samples, respectively, prior to processing (baseline), and no Salmonella was detected. After the first carcass rinse, C. jejuni/coli and E. coli were detected in 100 % of samples, and Salmonella spp. was detected in 42 % of rinse water samples and 48 % of carcass samples. C. jejuni/coli showed an average 0.1 log10 copies (95 % CI 0.0, 0.2) increase in rinse water and carcass samples every 75 min. In the second experiment, no C. jejuni/coli or Salmonella spp. were detected in baseline rinse water samples, and E. coli were detected in 78 % of baseline rinse water samples. After processing the first carcass, C. jejuni/coli were detected in 100 % of remaining samples, Salmonella spp. were detected in 28 % of pre-final rinse and 36 % of post-final rinse samples, and E. coli were detected in 81 % of pre-final rinse and 100 % of post-final rinse samples. Our results reveal that consumers are at a high risk of purchasing chicken meat contaminated with human enteropathogens. Once contaminated, rinse water stays contaminated throughout the day. Low-cost and feasible interventions implemented at the carcass wash step are needed to reduce microbial hazards on chicken meat before purchase.

How do crate materials impact the winter transport of broilers?

Pre-slaughter transportation adversely impacts the welfare, meat yield, and quality of broilers, yet the effects of different crate types on broiler chickens during winter remain underexplored. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of plastic and iron crates in transit on meat quality, carcass, and physiological traits of broiler chickens during winter. A total of 175, 35-day-old Ross 308 male broilers with an average body weight of about 1,708 ± 33.3 g (mean ± standard error of the mean) were picked after 4 hours of feed withdrawal before transport. The control group comprises birds in the farm (n = 15) without transportation at 173 cm2/kg density. The birds were transported into fixed iron (25 birds per crate) and plastic crates (15 birds per crate) with four replicates per crate type at the same 173 cm2/kg densities. The transportation distance was 20 km for 40 min at an average speed of 30-50 km/h early morning at 8:00 am under - 1 ℃ and 47% relative humidity. There was no difference (p>0.05) in carcass traits among the treatments. Concerning meat quality, broilers transported in both crate types exhibited lower (p<0.01) a* values compared to the control group. Additionally, the iron crate group demonstrated higher (p<0.05) b* values for the breast meat compared to the other groups. In terms of blood metabolites, the iron crate group had higher (p<0.05) cortisol, glucose, and lactate levels compared to the control group that did not transport. Broilers transported in the iron crates increase stress levels in terms of higher cortisol, glucose, and lactate contents in the blood plasma compared to untransported broilers during the winter. Therefore, employing plastic crates, which induce significantly reduced cortisol and numerically lower glucose levels compared to iron crates, appears more favorable for animal welfare by mitigating stress.

Impact of long-term feeding a high level of Spirulina combined with enzymes on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality in broiler chickens.

This study evaluates the effect of prolonged feeding with a high inclusion level of Spirulina, combined with peptidases, on broiler chicken's growth performance, digesta viscosity, carcass attributes and meat quality. The experiment involved 120 male broilers divided into 40 battery brooders, each housing 3 birds. Post 7-day acclimatisation with a corn and soybean-based diet, the birds were provided with one of four diets: a corn and soybean meal-based diet (CON), a mix incorporating 15% Spirulina (SP), a Spirulina-rich mix supplemented with 0.025% of commercial VemoZyme® P (SPV), or a Spirulina-rich mix supplemented with 0.10% of porcine pancreatin (SPP). The CON group had higher body weight and weight gain (p < 0.001) and a lower feed conversion ratio (p < 0.001) from day 7-21, compared to the Spirulina-fed groups. Spirulina-fed chickens significantly increased ileum viscosity (p < 0.05). Spirulina also elevated the weight (p < 0.05) of the duodenum and the length (p < 0.001) of the entire gastrointestinal tract compared to CON. Breast and thigh muscles from Spirulina-fed broilers displayed higher values of yellowness (b*) (p < 0.001), pigments (p < 0.05), and n-3 PUFA (p < 0.01), while n-6/n-3 ratio (p < 0.001) and α-tocopherol (p < 0.001) decreased relative to the CON. In conclusion, the introduction of a high level of Spirulina into broiler diets for an extended duration, has the potential to diminish birds' growth performance, possibly due to increased digesta viscosity. However, it does enhance the nutritional quality of the meat.

The Combined Use of Cinnamaldehyde and Vitamin C Is Beneficial for Better Carcass Character and Intestinal Health of Broilers.

The use of cinnamaldehyde and Vitamin C can improve immunity and intestinal health. A two-way factorial design was employed to investigate the main and interactive effects of cinnamaldehyde and vitamin C on the growth, carcass, and intestinal health of broiler chickens. A total of 288 one-day-old female Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly distributed among four treatment groups, consisting of six replicate cages with 12 birds each. Four treatments were basal diet or control (CON), supplemental cinnamaldehyde (CA) 300 g/ton (g/t), vitamin C (VC) 300 g/t, and cinnamaldehyde 300 g/t, and vitamin C 300 g/t (CA + VC), respectively. The results showed that supplemental CA did not affect the growth performance or slaughter performance of broilers at 21 days (d), 42 days (d), and 1-42 days (d); however, it could improve intestinal barrier function at 42 d of age and reduce the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in the intestine at 21 d and 42 d of age. Supplemental VC showed a trend towards increasing body weight gain (BWG) at 21 d (p = 0.094), increased breast muscle rate (at 21-d 5.33%, p < 0.05 and at 42-d 7.09%, p = 0.097), and decreased the abdominal fat (23.43%, p < 0.05) and drip loss (20.68%, p < 0.05) at 42-d. Moreover, VC improves intestinal morphology and intestinal barrier function and maintains a balanced immune response. The blend of CA and VC significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD-88) in the intestine at 21 d of age, the mRNA expression of catalase (CAT), Occludin, Claudin-1, Mucin-2, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) in the intestine at 42 d of age (p < 0.01), and downregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the intestine at 21-d and 42-d of age, and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) mRNA in intestine at 42 d of age (p < 0.01). This study suggested that the combination of CA and VC had the potential to regulate intestinal health and result in better carcass character of broilers.

Income Analysis Of Broiler Carcass’ Traders in Kupang City Traditional Market

A survey in April 2023 was conducted on broiler chicken carcass’ traders in the Kupang City traditional market which aimed to: find out the income of broiler chicken carcass traders in the Kupang City traditional market. Sampling was carried out through two stages, namely the determination of four traditional markets purposively and the determination of carcass traders as respondents was carried out randomly non-proportionally so that 60 representative respondents were obtained. The data analysis used is revenue analysis. The data was processed using Microsoft Excel 2010. The results of the analysis show that the income of broiler chicken carcass traders in the traditional market of Kupang City is Rp14,698,832 / year or capital productivity in this business is 69.74%. In summary, it can be said that the broiler chicken carcass sales business has been able to generate income for broiler chicken carcass traders. So it is recommended that broiler chicken carcass traders in the traditional market of Kupang City can improve carcass quality management, promote the carcass produced to consumers, and expand marketing networks by using digital marketing through social media so that the business they run can provide greater profits.

Evaluasi Akurasi Moving Average dan Single Exponential Smoothing dalam Meramalkan Harga Jual Karkas Ayam Broiler dan Pakan Ayam Broiler (Studi Kasus: Jawa Timur)

This study will use two forecasting methods: moving average and single exponential smoothing. Both use data from the past to predict what will happen in the future, therefore both techniques are referred to as time series methods. This method comparison was chosen to determine which method is most appropriate for predicting sales. This choice is based on the smallest error resulting from both methods which is known through the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) calculation. Forecasting broiler chicken feed and carcasses can help farmers improve carcass quality, increase feed use, and increase profits. Forecasting can also make and find out whether there is a link between the price of broiler chickens and the price of broiler chicken feed.

Supplementation of papaya leaf extract in drinking water to optimize broiler chicken carcass production

Abstract The papaya plant (Carica papaya Linn.) is regarded as an alternative option that is believed to have the potential to reduce fat accumulation in broiler chickens. In society, papaya leaves are well-known as ingredients in traditional medicine due to their content of alkaloid compounds and proteolytic enzymes, namely papain and chymopapain, which play a significant role in digestion and facilitate intestinal activity. The impact of adding Papaya Leaf Extract (PLE) to drinking water on parameters such as final body weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat weight, and abdominal fat percentage is sought to be assessed in this study. Eighty-seven-day-old chicks, irrespective of gender, constitute the subjects of the research. Commercial feed, papaya leaves, research facilities and equipment, and manual and digital scales are utilized in the study. An experimental approach with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) is followed in the research methodology. Five treatments, each repeated four times, are included in the study: T0 (control with 1 liter of drinking water), T1 (T0 + 5 ml of PLE), T2 (T0 + 15 ml of PLE), T3 (T0 + 25 ml of PLE), and T4 (T0 + 35 ml of PLE). Chicken slaughtering is performed after 35 days of rearing, with samples taken randomly from pens 1-20 and subsequently processed, adhering to Islamic principles. Measured parameters include final body weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat weight, and abdominal fat percentage. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a Completely Randomized Design is employed for data analysis. The research findings suggest that providing papaya leaf extract to broiler chickens up to 35 days of age does not significantly affect final body weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat weight, or abdominal fat percentage. Based on the results obtained from the broiler chicken carcass production in this study, the administration of PLE to broiler chickens can be conducted.

Effect of Cumin Seed Powder on the Growth Performance, Carcass and Organ Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

This study was carried out to determine the response of broiler chicken to various levels of cumin seed powder as feed additive on performance characteristics. A total of 160 one-day old chicks were utilized for this investigation. Four diets were compounded for the starter and finisher phases, incorporating cumin seed powder at levels of 0g, 150g, 300g, and 450g per 100kg of feed, labelled as treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3, and treatment 4, respectively. The chicks were divided into four groups of 40 birds each and assigned one of the diets in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each group was further subdivided into 4 replicates of ten birds. Feed and water were provided without restriction, and the collected data were subjected to statistical analysis. During the starter phase, significant differences.

Evaluation of Carcass, Growth Performance, Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Broiler Chickens Fed Additive of Onion Bulb Peel Powder

The study evaluated the effect of the powder of onion bulb peel waste (Allium cepa) as feed additives on growth performance, blood profile and carcass features of broiler chickens. A total of 150-day old Arbo acre strains of broiler chicks were randomly allocated into five treatments group with 30 birds in each treatment with three replicates of 10 birds each. The birds were reared on the floor of a pen partitioned into experimental units. The study was conducted in two phases; starter phase (0-28 day) and finisher phase (28-56 day). A basal experimental diet was formulated for the broiler chickens and varying levels of onion bulb peel powder was added as a supplement at 0mg/kg (control), 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 75mg/kg and 100mg/kg in diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The results obtained in this study revealed that there was significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in feed intake, body weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, hematological and bio-chemical parameters, carcass weight, non-carcass weight, percentage of carcass cut-part relative to the dressed weight and percentage non carcass relative to live weight between treatment diets. Onion bulb peel powder at 100mg/kg enhanced growth performance, reduced total blood cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein, increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and improved carcass yield of the birds. Since the feeding of onion bulb peel powder up to 100mg/kg as feed additives did not constitute nutritional disorder or any adverse effect on heamatological parameters of broiler chickens, it can be concluded that onion bulb peel powder at this level of inclusion is good for broiler chicken production.

Effect of distiller’s dried yeast on selected microbiotic fractions and the carcass and meat quality of broiler chickens

Abstract The study was conducted on 112 broiler chickens fed for 35 and 37 days with various levels of distiller’s yeast in diets – 3% in starter, 6% in grower, and 9% in finisher feeds. The results showed that as the level of distiller’s dried yeast in the broiler diets increased, the total number of bacteria in the mucosa of the small intestine, cecum, and colon decreased, including mainly Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, and E. coli. The addition of 9% yeast to the diet significantly reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus sp. in the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens. There was no significant effect of the level of distiller’s dried yeast in the diet of broiler chickens on carcass quality, pH, water holding capacity, sensory characteristics, and macronutrient and micronutrient content in breast muscle. On the other hand, there was a significant effect of the analyzed distiller’s yeast on color characteristics and basic chemical composition of breast muscle. The highest lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), and chroma (C*) and the lowest dry matter content were found in the meat of chickens receiving 6% and 9% distiller’s dried yeast in their diets. The results of the study indicate that for the best results in terms of carcass and meat quality, the optimal content of the analyzed yeast in the diet of broiler chickens should not exceed 3%.

Feed Type and Level of Viterna on Body Weight, Percentage of Carcass, Non-Carcass and Abdominal Fat of Broiler Chickens

This study aims to examine the effects of different types of feed and level of viterna on the final body weight, carcass percentage, non-carcass, and abdominal fat of broiler chickens. The method used was a 2x4 factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was 2 types of commercial feeds (J1=A and J2=B). The second factor was 4 levels viterna (P0=0cc; P1=1.5cc; P2=3cc; P3=4.5cc/l drinking water). There were 8 treatment combinations with 4 replications, and each replicate consist of 4 chickens, a total of 128 broilers was used. The treatment combinations were as follows: J1P0=feed A without viterna in drinking water, J1P1= feed A+1.5cc viterna/l water, J1P2 = feed A+ 3cc viterna/l water, J1P3= feed A + 4.5cc viterna/l water, J2P0 = feed B without viterna in drinking water, J2P1= feed B + 1.5cc viterna/l water, J2P2=feed B + 3cc viterna/l water, J2P3= feed B + 4.5cc viterna/l water. The measured variables were final body weight, carcass percentage, non-carcass, and abdominal fat. Data were analyzed using a variance test at a significance level of 5%, treatments that were significant (P≤0.05) followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that there was no interaction (P&gt;0.05) between feed type and viterna level on all parameters. In conclusion, differences in the type of feed, and viterna level, also interaction between the two factors did not make a difference to the final weight, percentage of carcass, non-carcass, and abdominal fat of broiler chickens.

The Effect of Moringa Leaf Extract (Moringa oleifera) in Drinking Water on Broiler Chicken Carcass Production

The research was carried out in the chicken house of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Marine and Fisheries, Nusa Cendana University, Kupang from April 7th 2023 to May 26th 2023. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of administering Moringa oleifera leaf extract in drinking water on broiler chicken carcass production. This research used 96 DOC broiler chickens of the CP 707 strain. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications, each replication consisting of 4 broiler chickens. The treatments given were P0= drinking water without moringa leaf extract (control), P1= 40 ml moringa leaf extract/l drinking water, P2= 80 ml moringa leaf extract/l drinking water, P3= 120 ml moringa leaf extract/l drinking water. The variables studied were final body weight, carcass percentage, non-carcass percentage and abdominal fat. The results of statistical analysis show that moringa leaf extract at levels of 0, 40, 80 and 120 ml/l of drinking water did not have a significant effect (P&gt;0.05) on final body weight, percentage of carcass and non-carcass percentage of broiler chickens, but increased the percentage of abdominal fat significantly (P&lt;0.05). Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the use of Moringa oleifera leaf in drinking water up to a level of 120ml/l drinking water can increase the percentage of abdominal fat but did not change the final body weight, carcass percentage and non-carcass percentage of broiler chickens.

Effects of varying dietary energy levels on growth, carcass and economy of broiler chickens fed straight diets

The effects of varying dietary energy levels with same protein level on growth performance, carcass traits and economy of broiler chickens fed straight diets was evaluated. Diets were compounded and labeled diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 with Metabolizable Energy (ME) levels of 2800, 3000, 3200 and 3400 kcal/KgDM, respectively with a constant protein level of 24 %. 120 1- old chicks were randomly allocated to the four dietary treatments with 30 birds per treatment. Each treatment was replicated 3 times and each replicate had 10 birds. The birds were fed experimental diets for 7 weeks. Significant differences (p&lt;0.05) were observed in daily feed intake, energy efficiency ratio, daily ME intake, cost of feed intake/kg body weight gain and % weights of drumstick, shank, breast and wing. The initial body weight, daily body weight gain, final body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and other carcass traits were similar (p&gt;0.05). It was concluded that feeding broiler chicken with diet containing 2800kcalME/kgDM and 24 % crude protein for 7 weeks gave optimal performance with the least cost of feed intake per Kg body weight gain, least feed conversion ratio and highest gross margin (profit). Les effets de différents niveaux d'énergie alimentaire avec le même niveau de protéines sur les performances de croissance, les caractéristiques des carcasses et l'économie des poulets de chair nourris avec des régimes simples ont été évalués. Les régimes ont été composés et étiquetés régimes 1, 2, 3 et 4 avec des niveaux d'énergie métabolisable (EM) de 2 800, 3 000, 3 200 et 3 400 kcal/KgMS, respectivement avec un niveau de protéines constant de 24 %. 120 poussins d'un an ont été répartis au hasard entre les quatre traitements alimentaires, à raison de 30 oiseaux par traitement. Chaque traitement a été répété 3 fois et chaque répétition concernait 10 oiseaux. Les oiseaux ont été nourris avec des régimes expérimentaux pendant 7 semaines. Des différences significatives (p &lt;0,05) ont été observées dans la consommation alimentaire quotidienne, le rapport d'efficacité énergétique, la consommation quotidienne d'EM, le coût de la consommation alimentaire/kg de gain de poids corporel et le pourcentage de poids du pilon, du jarret, de la poitrine et de l'aile. Le poids corporel initial, le gain de poids corporel quotidien, le gain de poids corporel final, le taux de conversion alimentaire, le taux d'efficacité protéique et les autres caractéristiques de la carcasse étaient similaires (p &gt; 0,05). Il a été conclu que nourrir des poulets de chair avec un régime contenant 2 800 kcalME/kgMS et 24 % de protéines brutes pendant 7 semaines donnait des performances optimales avec le moindre coût de consommation alimentaire par kg de gain de poids corporel, le plus faible taux de conversion alimentaire et la marge brute (bénéfice) la plus élevée.

Changes in the bioactive compounds of sun-dried ginger rhizome and their effects on growth performance, blood profile, carcass and meat quality of broiler chickens

Changes in the bioactive compounds of sun-dried ginger rhizome and their effects on growth performance, blood profile, carcass and meat quality of broiler chickens

Application of Acidifier in Drinking Water on Broiler Chicken Carcass Weight

This study aims to study the effects of adding acidifier at different levels on carcass weight and carcass weight persentage of broiler chickens. The study used 100 DOC unsexed Lohmann MB-202 strains that were grouped into 4 treatment groups. Each treatment was repeated 5ntimes and each replication used 5 broiler chickens. The treatment group consisted of acidifier 0% (P0), acidifier 0,33% (P1), acidifier 0,44% (P2), and acidifier 0,55% (P3). The study was conducted for 4 weeks. The data observed were slaughter weight, carcass weight and percentage carcass of broiler chickens. The data obtained were analyzed by using variance analysis of Compact Random Design (CRD) Pattern Unidirectional and if there were differences between treatments followed by the mean difference test using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that adding acidifier on water had no effect on slaughter weight, carcass weight and percentage carcass of broiler chickens.&#x0D;

Pengaruh Penambahan Wortel (Daucus Carota L) dengan Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) Pediococcus Pentosaceus dalam Pakan terhadap Kualitas Karkas Ayam Pedaging

This study aims to determine the effect of giving carrots (Daucus Carota L) with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) pediococcus pentosaceus in feed on broiler chicken carcass quality. The research used is a field experiment using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and if there is a significant difference in effect then it will be continued with the Duncan test. The treatments used in this research were 4 treatments with 3 repetitions so there were 24 experimental units. The results showed that the addition of carrots up to 3% with 1 ml of pediococcus pentosaceus lactic acid bacteria could not increase carcass percentage, breast meat deposition and abdominal fat percentage.

Visible hygienic quality of broiler chicken carcasses and the impact on quality of a change to post-mortem inspection

Visible hygienic quality of broiler chicken carcasses and the impact on quality of a change to post-mortem inspection

Physical and Microbiological of Broiler Chicken Meat Marketed on Stalls in the City of Denpasar, Bali Province

The study aims to find out the physical and microbiological quality of broiler chicken meat marketed in Lapak in Denpasar, Bali Province. Broiler chicken meat is a perishable food ingredient, in the community postharvest handling broiler chicken meat gets less attention from farmers and broiler collectors for will be marketed. Conditions in which the place used in carrying, transporting live chickens and used for selling broiler chicken meat in roadside stalls, knives for cutting, cutting boards (sliced boards), washcloths (napkins) are used by traders, so that a lot of losses are caused postharvest handling, especially broiler chicken meat. Research will be carried out for 3 months, with the target of producing broiler chicken meat with good quality and nutritional and microbiological content according to SNI marketed by sellers in Lapak in Denpasar City, in order to reduce damage to animal feed ingredients (meat broiler which is ASUH) so that consumers become healthy. The method used in this study is a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the treatment of 4 treatments of broiler chicken meat sold in Lapak in Denpasar City (RU = North Denpasar, RT = East Denpasar, RS = South Denpasar and RB = West Denpasar) with 5 replications and each replication consisted of 5 broiler chickens. The variables observed were broiler chicken carcasses, physical properties of chicken meat (commercial cuts, and the chemical quality of meat (protein, fat, cholesterol) and the microbial content (TPC) marketed. obtained. Research result had a not significantly different (P&gt;0.05) on carcass weight, percentage carcass, and meet microba of broiler. From this study, it can be concluded that the carcass production of broiler chickens sold in Lapak in Denpasar North, Denpasar, Timur, Denpasar Barat and Denpasar Selatan had no effect on the weight of the cut, carcass fracture of the back, wing, and percentage of broiler chicken fracture.

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Salmonella Spp. in Broiler Carcasses from Dominant Poultry Production Areas in Bhutan

Background: Salmonella is an important zoonotic pathogen, and its infections are considered among the most commonly and widely distributed food-borne illness reported worldwide. Poultry products have been identified as important sources of Salmonella infection to humans. While there have been reports of high prevalence of Salmonella and multidrug resistance in imported chicken meat in Bhutan, the safety of nationally produced broiler meat with regards to Salmonella contamination is not known. In the absence of national surveillance of Salmonella in food animals in Bhutan, this study assessed the prevalence of Salmonella and its serotypes in broiler chicken carcass in the dominant poultry production areas of the country and determine its antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in January to April 2016 in all five major commercial broiler meat producers and suppliers in Bhutan located in the Samphelling and Darla gewogs. Following a systematic random sampling method, 36 broiler carcasses were sampled from each of the five broiler commercial farms producing a total sample size of 180 samples. Salmonella was isolated and identified following the International Organization for Standardization methods (ISO 6579:2002). All Salmonella isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) following the procedures of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method. Results: The overall prevalence of Salmonella in broiler chicken meat samples was 12.78% (95% CI, 10.98-14.58). The prevalence of Salmonella spp. was higher in farms of the samphelling gewog compared to Darla gewog [14.81% (95% CI, 8.2.7-21.5) vs 9.72% (95% CI, 2.9-16.6) respectively]. Among 23 Salmonella isolates, the most prevalent serovar was Salmonella ser. Typhi (73.9%). The Salmonella isolates showed high sensitivity to gentamicin (73.9% of isolates) followed by streptomycin (56.5%) and ampicillin (47.8%). The highest proportion of resistance was noted to tetracycline (95.6%), trimethoprim (86.9%), amoxicillin (65.2%), and ampicillin (47.8%). Among 23 Salmonella isolates, 60.87% (n=14) were considered multidrug resistant and 7 patterns of multidrug resistance were discovered. Conclusion: The estimates of Salmonella prevalence and multidrug resistance in nationally produced commercial broiler chicken carcasses from the two main broiler meat producing areas in Bhutan, raises significant public health concerns highlighting the need for an integrated national Salmonella surveillance program across the poultry market chain.

Effect of turmeric powder on decontamination of broiler chicken carcass

Effect of turmeric powder on decontamination of broiler chicken carcass