High Definition Television Broadcasting Research Articles

UE-TV: User-Centric Energy-Efficient HDTV Broadcast over LTE and Wi-Fi

This paper presents an innovative multi-faceted architecture, called UE-TV, for user-centric, revenue aware, and energy-efficient TV broadcast. Scalable high-efficiency video coded high definition television (HDTV) content is broadcast over LTE multicast/broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) along with the available Wi-Fi access points (APs). The proposed framework adaptively encodes the TV content and allocates radio resource based on current network. Stackelberg two-stage game theoretic approach discerns an optimal transmit power at the LTE base stations (eNodeBs) and the proportion of subscribers that are respectively served by eNodeBs and available Wi-Fi APs. Varied user equipment (UE) resolutions, users' energy/price sensitivities, and channel conditions govern the service options and user satisfaction. Our analysis and simulations show that, in comparison with the broadcast schemes over MBSFN without or with adaptive video coding, UE-TV framework significantly enhances the user satisfaction via optimized price/quality trade-off as well as energy saving at the eNodeBs and UEs.

Monitoring of audio visual quality by key indicators

Over 10 billion hours of video are watched online every month. Together with high definition television broadcasting and the rise in high quality video on demand, this makes quality assessment a key task in the global multimedia market. Automating quality checking is currently based on finding major audiovisual artefacts. The Monitoring Of Audio Visual quality by key Indicators (MOAVI) subgroup of the Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG) is an open collaborative project for developing No-Reference models for monitoring audiovisual service quality. The purpose of this paper is to report on the development of the audiovisual part of this project, which includes the detection of muting, clipping and lip synchronization (also known as lip sync) artefacts.

Enhanced Singular Value Decomposition based Fusion for Super Resolution Image Reconstruction

<p>The singular value decomposition (SVD) plays a very important role in the field of image processing for applications such as feature extraction, image compression, etc. The main objective is to enhance the resolution of the image based on Singular Value Decomposition. The original image and the subsequent sub-pixel shifted image, subjected to image registration is transferred to SVD domain. An enhanced method of choosing the singular values from the SVD domain images to reconstruct a high resolution image using fusion techniques is proposesed. This technique is called as enhanced SVD based fusion. Significant improvement in the performance is observed by applying enhanced SVD method preceding the various interpolation methods which are incorporated. The technique has high advantage and computationally fast which is most needed for satellite imaging, high definition television broadcasting, medical imaging diagnosis, military surveillance, remote sensing etc.</p>

On channel estimation and equalization in TDS-OFDM based terrestrial HDTV broadcasting system

In TDS-OFDM (time-domain synchronous orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) systems, pseudonoise (PN) sequences rather than cyclic prefixes are inserted as guard interval, between consecutive inverse discrete Fourier transformed (IDFT) symbol blocks. Since the PN sequences can also be used as training symbols, such system can provide higher spectrum efficiency. However, due to non-cyclic property of the signal, the simple channel estimation and equalization techniques for conventional cyclic prefixed OFDM (CP-OFDM) can not be applied to TDS-OFDM. In this paper, we propose a channel estimation and equalization method for TDS-OFDM. Channel estimation depends on time domain correlation and iterative interference cancellation techniques, while equalization is based on tail cancellation and cyclic restoration algorithm (TCCR). It is shown that our proposed method can provide satisfactory performance in TDS-OFDM based terrestrial high-definition television (HDTV) broadcasting system.

Presence and Image Quality: The Case of High-Definition Television

Previous research has demonstrated that form variables can increase television viewers' sense of presence. The current broadcasting of high-definition television (HDTV) programming makes testing this relation between form and presence possible in a new context, image quality. In this experiment, television viewers watched either HDTV or standard-definition television images and then rated their viewing experience on a pencil-and-paper questionnaire. The results demonstrate that HDTV provided viewers with a greater sense of presence than the current standard, thus providing empirical evidence for the claim that improved image quality will lead to television viewers' experiencing presence. Additionally, the results suggest that with the coming of HDTV, sensations of presence will be both stronger and more common.

The dusk of standard TV [HDTV

High-definition television (HDTV) is finally taking off all around the world. After many years of struggling, HD broadcasts are now becoming established in the three major continents. Part of this is down to digital technology. The MPEG-2 compression standard has been widely used for standard-definition digital TV in satellite, cable and terrestrial, bringing the cost of equipment down to the point where HD becomes viable. The article describes the present state of HDTV broadcasting in Europe and the USA. A major problem in introducing MPEG-4 AVC (advanced video coding), which will help the spread of HDTV by allowing transmission at lower bit rates (6 Mbit/s instead of 19 Mbit/s) than MPEG-2, is that two groups are fighting to license the patents behind AVC. The article also outlines some of the work chip vendors are doing to develop dedicated silicon for AVC encoders and decoders, despite the unresolved licensing issues.

An Overview of the NIST HDTV Broadcast Technology Program

Sarnoff Corporation (formally the David Sarnoff Research Center) is leading a joint venture consisting of Comark, NBC, IBM, MCI, Sun Microsystems, Thomson, and Philips to develop a high-definition compressed digital studio. This paper provides an overview of the goals and accomplishments of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) high-definition television (HDTV) broadcast technology joint venture.

Strategy for Promotion of HDTV Service and for Implementation of Digital Broadcasting in Japan

Years of experiments have led to the successful broadcasting of high-definition television (HDTV). Japan, which broadcasts 13 hours of HDTV per day, seeks ways to promote the new medium. This paper presents an overview of the key functions for the promotion of HDTV services and discusses the importance of introducing digital broadcasting as a possible renaissance for stations.

Residual ISI cancellation for OFDM with applications to HDTV broadcasting

An iterative technique is developed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems to mitigate the residual intersymbol interference (ISI) that exceeds the length of the guard interval. The technique, called residual ISI cancellation (RISIC), uses a combination of tail cancellation and cyclic restoration and is shown to offer large performance improvements. The effects of imperfect channel estimation are also considered. The RISIC algorithm is applied to a typical terrestrial high-definition television (HDTV) broadcasting system that uses a concatenated coding scheme for error control. Results show that the RISIC algorithm can effectively mitigate residual ISI on static or slowly fading ISI channels.

High definition television systems

High definition television (HDTV) services will play the most important role in the digital television systems for the future. HDTV is already broadcast daily in Japan and advanced television (ATV) standards will soon be established in the US. The hardware systems for two HDTV systems, the 1125/60 and 1250/50 systems, have already been developed. Their outlines are described in the paper. Signal processing of HDTV is mainly carried out by digital methods on both the studio and receiver sides. The principles of processing are the same as for conventional television but the higher clock frequency and larger quantity of information require more sophisticated hardware. Digital signal processing methods are the key technology in HDTV broadcasting systems regardless of whether modulation is analog or digital. Some broadcasting systems are already practical use while others, are experimental. The author discusses these systems. The aim of the article is to present a global scope of the HDTV technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Summary Report on the Workshop on Advanced Digital Video in the National Information Infrastructure

The development of a National Information Infrastructure (NII) is a way of putting vast amounts of information at the fingertips of users in America and around the world. Digital video is likely to he the most technically demanding NII service. Recognizing this, several industrial and governmental organizations sponsored a recent workshop to define a vision of the role of digital video in the NII; identify the architectural, scaling, and performance issues in realizing this vision; and recommend the research, experiments, and other steps to he taken to resolve these issues. At the workshop, it was broadly agreed that the NII will be an amalgam of networks, information appliances, and services in which any company may provide any service to any user. This heterogeneous system will necessarily be modular, with an extensible architecture. The components of the NII will require publicly identified reference points and interfaces. The development of high-definition television (HDTV) will be a powerful force driving the development of NII applications. It was the sense of the participants in the workshop that the Grand Alliance proposal for HDTV is the best available alternative for terrestrial broadcast of HDTV in the U.S. Additional standards for advanced digital video will he required to meet the diverse needs of the NII.

The Grand Alliance HDTV video encoder

Members of the digital high definition television (HDTV) Grand Alliance have jointly designed and constructed a high definition video encoder as part of an overall HDTV broadcast system. The encoder accepts video in either 1080 line (30 Hz) interlaced format or 720 line (60 Hz) progressive format, and produces a bitstream compliant with the Motion Picture Experts Group version 2 (MPEG-2) standard. The encoder processing includes large-area motion estimation, adaptive telecine processing, and an advanced rate control mechanism. The paper describes the hardware architecture and implementation trade-offs of this encoder.

The coding of image sequences by wavelets, wavelet packets and other subband coding schemes

For the terrestrial broadcasting of high-definition television (HDTV) in North America the discrete cosine transform (DCT), Huffman (lossless) coding and motion detection, estimation and compensation have been used to compress raw HDTV rates of 1.0-1.2 Gbps. Compressed and compacted video bit rates range from 12.59 Mbps to 13.60 Mbps for 16-QAM transmission and from 17.47 to 18.88 for 32-QAM transmission. MPEG source coding schemes, are used in a proposed HDTV system and in the Grand Alliance proposal. They share features in common with other source coding schemes which have been employed. It seems likely that compression and compaction to an HDTV video bit rate below 10 Mbps should be attainable. The methods discussed in this paper provide hope for realizing this goal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

European HDTV Operations (1250/50 Production/HDMAC Broadcast) in the Winter and Summer Olympic Games

In 1992, for the last time, the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held during the same year. Also in 1992, the Winter and Summer Olympic Games both took place in European cities: Albertville, France, and Barcelona, Spain. The year 1992 was a key one for Europe — the year of European unity. It was also in Europe, in Seville, Spain, that the world exhibition, EXPO 92, was held that same year. The year also enabled Europe to organize, both for the Winter Games and for the Summer Games, the largest-scale broadcast of high-definition television (HDTV) ever undertaken during such events.

Multiresolution broadcast for digital HDTV using joint source/channel coding

The use of multiresolution (MR) joint source-channel coding in the context of digital terrestrial broadcasting of high-definition television (HDTV) is shown to be an efficient alternative to single-resolution techniques, which suffer from a sharp threshold effect in the fringes of the broadcast area. It is shown how matched multiresolution source and channel coding can provide a stepwise graceful degradation and improve the behavior, in terms of coverage and robustness of the transmission scheme, over systems not specifically designed for broadcast situations. The alternative available for multiresolution transmission through embedded modulation and error correction codes are examined. It is also shown how multiresolution trellis-coded modulation (TCM) can be used to increase coverage range. Coding results and simulations of noisy transmission are presented, and tradeoffs are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Digital video coding techniques for US high-definition TV

Motion-compensated transform coding is proposed for video compression in systems for the US terrestrial broadcast of high-definition television (HDTV). A noncritical overview of the video coding techniques used in the four proposed digital HDTV systems, that provides basic descriptions of the discrete cosine transform, motion estimation and compensation, adaptive quantization, variable-length coding, and compressed video data formatting is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Modulation for terrestrial broadcasting of digital HDTV

The digital modulation methods used by the DigiCipher, DSC-HDTV, ADTV, and ATVA-P digital high-definition television (HDTV) systems are discussed. Three of the systems use a quadrature amplitude modulation method and the fourth uses a vestigial sideband modulation method. The channel equalization and spectrum sharing of the digital HDTV systems is discussed. >

Digital HDTV broadcasting

An introduction is given to papers submitted to a November 1991 meeting of the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) Task Group on high-definition television (HDTV). The purpose of the digital HDTV broadcasting documents is to respond to questions posed in the CCIR. Key issues are harmonization of high resolution imaging standards among applications, compression algorithms, source coding, channel coding, modulation techniques, and spectrum strategy. Since the information provided to the CCIR did not contain block diagrams of the proposed systems, block diagrams of a typical encoder and decoder are provided. The diagrams are not precisely descriptive of any of the proposed systems, but are generally descriptive of all of them. >

Chasing Japan in the HDTV race

The status of high-definition television (HDTV) in Japan, Europe, and the US is examined. Japan has begun experimental broadcasts, and Europe plans experimental HDTV broadcasts in 1991, while the US is mired in disputes over just how important HDTV might be to its deteriorating consumer electronics industry. Delays in selecting a terrestrial broadcasting transmission standard for the US suggest 1993 as the earliest possible date for the start of HDTV broadcasting in the United States and 1995 as a more probable date. Problems and approaches in the US, Japan, and Europe are compared, focusing on government support and standardization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Development of HDTV emission systems in North America

The North American broadcasting structure and the relationships between the different forms of the media are examined in order to understand the North American approach to high-definition television (HDTV). The processes that are being used to define the appropriate technical systems for HDTV broadcasting are explained. Technical proposals that have been made are summarized. >